Glossary of Ancient Egyptian Terms and Names

7/23/2019 Glossary of Ancient Egyptian Terms and Names

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A

Aah, Iah

Moon sacred to Osiris, Djehuty (Thoth) and Khonsu

Abdu Heba

Ruler of Jerusale, conte!orary of A"henaten

Achote!, Ahhote!, Ahote!

A!!arently t#o $ueens, althou%h it has been su%%ested that there ay ha&e

been just one'

) ueen, dau%hter of Tao I, sister*#ife of Tao II +e"enenre

) ueen, !ossibly #ife of Kaose

Achenaten, A"henaten, A"henaton, A"hnaten, A"hnaton

Aenhote! I-, a .e# Kin%do !haraoh, /th dynasty

Ae%is (0ree")

Ornaental collar, enat

Ahose, Aasis

) T#o !haraohs 1 Ahose I /th dynasty and Ahose II, 2th dynasty3

) Ahose1.efertiri, ueen of the /th Dynasty3

4) Ahose +on of 5bana, adiral under "in% Ahose I (Autobio%ra!hy)

6) Ahose 7en1ne"hbet, hi%h o8cial under Ahose I (Autobio%ra!hy)

A"het (A9:t ;


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Alashia, Alasyia

7robably =y!rus

Aen, Aon, Aon, Aun, Aoun, Aun1Re or Aen1Re

Main 0od durin% the .e# Kin%do, identi@ed #ith eus by the 0ree"s

Aenehab, Aeneheb

Bar co!anion of Thutose III (Aenehab>s ?io%ra!hy)

Aenehet, Aenehat

Cour !haraohs of the th dynasty

Aenhote!

) 6 .e# Kin%do !haraohs, /th dynasty, often called by the (incorrect)0ree" for Aeno!his3

) +on of Ha!u, scribe, fa&ourite of Aenhote! III (Autobio%ra!hical

inscri!tion)

Aeneo!e, Aeneo!et

) Caily of hi%h .e# Kin%do o8cials3

) -ice1roy of Kush under +eti I3

4) -iier under Aenhote! II

Aenirdis

Bife of the 0od (Hi%h !riestess of Aen)

Aenes

.e# Kin%do !haraoh, Eth dynasty

Aenose

) +on of Thutose I and Ahose, %eneral3

) ?rother of .efertari, ayor of Thebes3

4) +on of ?e"en!tah, o8cer under the Raessides

Aeno!his

accordin% to Manetho 0ree" for Aenhote! and still often used in this sense3


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!hilolo%ically correct for Aeneo!e (in11i!t)

Aenti

Real of the Dead, cf Duat

Ait, Aut

=hiaera, destroyer of the hearts of dead #ho #ere not justi@ed

Aorites, Aurru

7eo!le in Retenu (Today>s Febanon and #estern +yria)

Aratian

Middle !re1dynastic !eriod, 4GG to 46 ?=5, also called .a$ada IA and I?

Aulet

=har

Anch, an"h (an9)

+ybol of endurin% life

Anchesenaen, Anchesenaun, An"hesenaen, An"hesenaun,

An"hesenaten, An"hesen!aaten

Bife of Tutan"haen, /th dynasty

Anchneserire, An"hneseryre

ueen, Mother of 7e!i II

Anhuret, Anhur, Onuris

Identi@ed #ith the 0ree" Ares: His ain cult #as at 7a!reis

An"h

Fife, its hiero%ly!h #as often #orn as an aulet

An"hahor

2th dynasty &iier

An"hti@

noarch in !!er 5%y!t durin% the CI7

Anubis, An!u, Khenty1Ientiu, Heranubis


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0od, conductor of souls

Antef

see Intef

Antefo"er

Mayor and &iier under +enusret I

Anubis, An!u

0od of the necro!olis

A!e!

see A!o!is

A!e!i

T#o Hy"sos "in%s

A!hrodite

the 0ree" e$ui&alent of Hathor

A!is, +era!is, Osiris1A!is

?ull syboliin% fertility &enerated at Me!his

A!o!his, A!o!is, A!e!

The ser!ent of =haos, soeties e$uated #ith +eth

A!otro!aic (fro 0ree")

Ha&in% the !o#er to a&ert e&il

Arta9er9es

7ersian "in%s and 5%y!tian !haraohs (th dynasty)

Arura, aroura (0ree")

The %round co&ered by a yo"e of !lou%hin% o9en in one day, about

Artaba (7ersian)

Dry easure, about 42 litres in classical ties, about litres under the

7toleies:

Aser, Asr, Ausas


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see Osiris

Aset, Ast, Auset

see Isis

Ashur1ballit

Kin% of Assyria, conte!orary of A"henaten

Atef

=ro#n #orn by Osiris

Aten, Aton

The sun dis", uni$ue %od of A"henaten

A&aris, A#aris

=a!ital of the Hy"sos "in%s in the Delta

Ay

) Merneferre, !haraoh of the 4th dynasty3

) Ay, Aye, Ai, Khe!er"he!erure

-iier of Tutan"haen and !haraoh of the /th dynasty

?

?a (bA)

The LsoulL

+!iritual force such as an anonyous di&inity

Manifestation of a %od

The "in%>s !o#er to rule

The eternal forces of a huan, de!icted in tobs as a bird #ith a huan

head:

?a>ah, +eba1djai

The !lanet -enus

?adarian

5arly !re1dynastic !eriod, 4/ to 4G ?=5, also Cayu A or Merida


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?ai, ?ay

=hancellor of Rases +i!tah, Eth dynasty

?a"are

Fisted in the Turin Kin% list as successor of Khafre

?a"en"hons, ?a"en"honsu, ?e"en"honsu

Hi%h 7riest of Aen under Rases II, !ossibly father of .efertari, eber of

the Aeneo!e clan, bloc" statue

?ast, ?astet, basti, 7asht

0oddess of the hoe, Arteis to the 0ree"s: Her cultural centre #as at

?ubastis

?at

0oddess #ith the for of a co#, fro the Middle Kin%do on er%ed #ith

Hathor

?au

Messen%er or a!!earance of a deity

?enben

) The @rst land to rise fro the !riordial #aters:

) 7yraid sha!ed sacred stone at Helio!olis

?ennu bird (bn#)

see 7hoeni9

?es, ?isu

D#arf %od

?iridiya

Ruler of Me%iddo, conte!orary of A"henaten

?oo" of the Dead

?etter The ?oo" of 0oin% Corth by Day: A collection of a%ical #ritin%s !laced

in tobs since the .e# Kin%do #ith the intention of hel!in% the deceased

in the after1life:


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?urnaburiash

Kassite "in% of ?abylonia, conte!orary of A"henaten

?yblos (0ree"), 0ebal, 0ubla, Kubna (5%y!tian)

=ity in Febanon, i!ortant to 5%y!tian trade

byssus

fr: 0ree" bussos, @ne linen

=

=abyses, Kabyses

7ersian "in%, con$ueror of 5%y!t, founder of the th dynasty

=anaan

Today>s Israel and southern Febanon, abo&e all the coastal re%ion

=anobic, Heracleotic (fro Fatin, 0ree")

The #esternost ar of the .ile, after the city of =anobus (=ano!us)

=ano!ic jars (fro Fatin, 0ree")

-essels containin% the inner or%ans of the deceased, %enerally four, in the

for of the sons of Horus (fro =ano!us, see abo&e)

=artonna%e (Crench)

59!ression used by 5%y!tolo%ists for the as"s and co8ns ade of

cardboard li"e aterials:

=artouche (Crench)

The nae of a !haraoh in hiero%ly!hs surrounded by an o&al band denotin%

eternity

=ataract (fro 0ree" "atara"tes do#n1rushin%)

Ra!ids, #aterfall: The @rst .ile cataract #as 5%y!t>s southern border

=hadouf (Arabic)

see +hadouf

=hafre, =hefren


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see Khafre

=haudi

see Khaudi

=heo!s, =hufu

see Khufu

=hoachyte

0ree" for 5%y!tian #AH #, lit: Dis!enser of #ater, 7riest in char%e of the

cult of the dead #ho, for a fee, carried out the role of underta"er

=hons, =honsu

see Khons

=hthonic (0ree")

fro the earth: =hthonic deities' +e!a, He$et etc

=i!!us (Fatin)

7ointed rectan%ular !illar, in 5%y!tolo%y' Aulet or stela sho#in% Horus

triu!hin% o&er dan%erous beasts

=ircucision

The sur%ical odi@cation of the %enitals of boys and en

=o8n Te9ts

Ma%ical #ritin%s #ritten on co8ns since the CI7:

=orbel (fro Fatin)

7rojection juttin% out fro #all, su!!ortin% structure abo&e it: sed to a"e

false arches

=or&e (Crench)

Ta9 in the for of labour

=roo", he"a

Ori%inally a she!herd>s staN it becae a sybol of !o#er carried by !haraohs

and hi%h o8cials

=ubit (Ori%ninally fro Fatin)


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Finear easure:

) +hort cubit' 2 !als 6 @n%ers3

) Royal cubit ' !als / di%its 1 G:4 c

D

Darius

7ersian "in%s and 5%y!tian !haraohs (th dynasty)

Deben, (dbn)

Bei%ht, e$ual to "it, ori%inally %r (co!!er), 4%r (%old), fro .K on

about E %raes

0ree" !eriod' onetary unit #orth sil&er drachas, later co!!er

drachas

Decans (fro Fatin dece, ten)

42 star constellations, each risin% abo&e the horion at sunrise durin% ten

days e&ery year, used by the ancient 5%y!tian calendar

Deotic (0ree")

the last sta%e of de&elo!ent of the ancient 5%y!tian scri!t

Deurra%e

=har%e !aid by the de!ositors of %rain in the state %ranaries, see credit

Dendarah, Denderah

+ite of Hathor>s ain te!le

Deshret (d+r:t)

) The red cro#n of Fo#er 5%y!t3

) The red land, i:e: the desert

Dionysos

0ree" %od, identi@ed #ith Osiris

Djahi, ahi

Ill de@ned coastal re%ion in =anaan


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Djed !illar, djet !illar (Dd)

Hiero%ly!h often carried as an aulet, lin"ed to the Osiris yth

Djehuti, Thoth

) 0od of "no#led%e and #isdo, oon %od, identi@ed #ith HeresTrise%istus by the 0ree"s3

) +cribe, %eneral and &iceroy under Thutose III

Djet (Dt)

5ternity, continuous and linear as o!!osed to neheh

Djoser, oser

Old Kin%do !haraoh, 4rd dynasty

Dracha

0ree" onetary unit, di&ided into 2 obols: The standard coin in use #as the

sil&er tetradracha #orth four drachas:

Duat (d#A:t)

Ori%inally the starry s"y:

The Real of the Dead, !o!ulated by the deceased #ho ha&e becoe stars:

Often soe#hat isleadin%ly referred to as nder#orld or .ether#orld:

Dynasty (fro 0ree")

Fine of hereditary rulers

5

5arly dynastic

Historic !eriod, 4G to 2 ?=5, also called .a$ada IIIA to III=

5chnaton

see A"henaten

5l Aarna, Al Aarna (Arabic), A"hetaten

=a!ital of 5%y!t under A"henaten, /th dynasty

5lectru (fro 0ree")


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A %old and sil&er alloy, used for co&erin% the ti!s of obelis"s

5ncaustic (fro 0ree")

!aint based on #a9

5nnead (fro 0ree" enneas, nine)

A %rou! of nine deities, such as the 5nnead of Helio!olis

All the %ods of a locality

59ecration te9ts

Te9ts containin% curses a%ainst (state) eneies, cf: 59ecration rituals

5ye of Re

+ee Hathor

C

Caience (fro Crench, after the Italian to#n of Caena)

0laed ceraics, often blue or %reen

Caiyou, Caiyu, Cayou, Cayu, Cayyou, Cayyu

Certile lo#1lyin% re%ion #est of the .ile

Calse door

sybolic door for the "a, !ainted or car&ed on a tob #all

CI7

Cirst Interediate 7eriod

Clail, Pa%ellu (fro Fatin Pa%ru, scour%e), ne"he"h, ne"ha"ha

A Pail carried by the !haraoh syboliin% his !o#er3 attribute of Osiris and

Min:

0

0eb, Keb

5arth %od

0ebal, 0ubla

see ?yblos


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0enital utilation

The sur%ical odi@cation of the %enitals of %irls and #oen

0erean

Fate !re1dynastic and !rotodynastic !eriods, 46 to 4G ?=5, di&ided into

5arly 0erean, 46 to 44 ?=5 (.a$ada I=, IIA, II?)

Middle 0erean, 44 to 4 ?=5 (.a$ada II=)

Fate 0erean, 4 to 4G (.a$ada IID, IID)

0esso (Italian)

Mi9ture of !laster of 7aris and %lue, used as a "ind of !utty

0od>s Cather

7riest of interediate ran":

0od>s Fand, 5%y!tian tA nTr (Ta netjer)

Ter used for soe forei%n, %enerally #ooded re%ions' 7unt in the south, but

also re%ions in +yria etc:

0reat 0reen (literal translation of #AD1#r )

0enerally su!!osed to denote the +ea, es!ecially the Mediterranean: It has

also been !ro!osed to stand for the .ile (delta) or the Cayu:

0ri8n

=hiaera #ith a lion>s body and a falcon>s head, since the OK sybol of the

&ictorious ruler

H

Hah

7ersoni@cation of eternity, !ro!s u! the hea&ens

Haaat, Haaat

Badi connectin% the .ile &alley to the Red +ea near Thebes

Hannu

see Henenu


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Ha!i, Ha!y

) 0od of the .ile3

) One of the Cour +ons of Horus

Ha!iru, A!iru, Habiru

.oadic asiatics of the nd illenniu ?=5, often considered outla#s: sed

to be #ron%ly identi@ed #ith the Hebre#s

Hara"hte

0od, see also Horus, Re

Hare (Arabic), 5%y!tian i!et

institution run by the !haraoh>s @rst #ife for the bene@t of the !haraoh>s

#i&es and feale relati&es, not to be confounded #ith the usli hare oflater ties

Harehab

see Horeheb

Hathor

0oddess of s"y, lo&e, irth, beauty and fertility

Hatshe!sut, Hatshe!so#e

Ceale !haraoh, /th dynasty

Hatti, Kheta

Anatolian nation, in conPict #ith the 5%y!tians durin% the .e# Kin%do

Heb +ed (Hb1sd)

festi&al (Hb) celebrated after 4 years of rule or ore fre$uently: Its !recise

!ur!ose is un"no#n, but is su!!osed to ha&e to do #ith the !haraoh>s

reju&enation:

Hedjet, nefer1hedjet (nfr1D:t)

the #hite cro#n of !!er 5%y!t

He"a (H"A)

Ma%ic


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He"a1"hase (H$A19As#:t )

see Hy"sos

He"at, He"et

see He$at

Helio!olis, On

Main te!le of the sun %od Re

Hea"a

Royal sealbearer (chancellor) under Den (st dynasty)

Henenu, Hannu, Henu

+te#ard and o&erseer of herds, th dynasty

Hen"u

.oarch, late OK (Inscri!tion)

He!haestos, He!haistos

The 0ree" e$ui&alent of 7tah

He!u

-iier under Thutose I-

He!useneb

Cirst !ro!het of Aen under Hatshe!sut

He$a (H$A:t)

=roo", sybol of !haraonic authority

He$at (H$A:t)

Measure of &olue of &aryin% sie'

) ?arrel, bushel: Di&ided into hin, c: 6:/ litres, used throu%hout history

) =oon bushel, double barrel, c: E:2 litres, Middle to .e# Kin%do

4) Far%e bushel, also called oi!e, about E: litres

He$at, He$et, He"t, He"at, He"et (H$:t)


15/39

0oddess of birth in the for of a fro%

Her1"a1!et

The !lanet +aturn

Heranubis, An!u, Khenty1Ientiu

see Anubis

Heru

see Horus

Heru1deshret

The !lanet Mars

Her1#e!es1ta#y

The !lanet Ju!iter

Heseb (Hsb)

+$uare easure' One $uarter of a tA, di&ided into sA

Hesire

O&erseer o&er the royal scribes under Djoser (4rd dynasty), !hysician and

dentist

Hiera"on!olis (0ree"), .e"hen

Ancient southern ca!ital

Hieratic (fro 0ree" hierati"os, !riest)

=ursi&e #ritin% of Hiero%ly!hs

Hiero%ly!hics (fro 0ree" hiero%lu!hicos, sacred #ritin%

5%y!tian #ritin% usin% stylied !ictures (hiero%ly!hs)

Hin (hn#)

lit: jar, one tenth of a he$at, about half a litre

Hittites

7eo!le of Hatti

Hor


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) Hor, !haraoh, !robably 4th dynasty3

) Hor, !riest durin% the Fate 7eriod3

4) Hor, ountain in northern =anaan3

6) see Horus

Horbaf

+on of Khufu (6th dynasty), &iier

Hordjedef, Djedefhor

+on of Khufu (6th dynasty)

Horeheb

.e# Kin%do %eneral and !haraoh, /th dynasty

Horus, Hor, Heru, Hru

+un %od, son of Isis and Osiris

Horus nae

Cirst of the !haraonic titles, often #ritten in a sere"h

Hote! +enusret (Kahun)

Middle Kin%do !lanned to#n

House of Fife

Re!ositories for "no#led%e in te!les

Hy"sos

The He$a1"hasut, #ron%ly translated as +he!herd Kin%s, an Asiatic !eo!le,

founded a "in%do in .orthern 5%y!t, Gth and 2th dynasties

Hy!ostyle

(0ree" hu!ostulos, under coluns) ?uildin% #ith roof su!!orted by !illars

I

I"hernofret

=hancellor under +enusret III, (+tela)

Ihote!


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Hi%h o8cial under of Djoser (4rd dynasty), later dei@ed:

Intef, Antef, Inyotef

7haraohs of the th dynasty

I7

Interediary 7eriod

I!et

see hare

Isfet

disorder, chaos, o!!osed to Maat

Isis, Auset, Aset, Ast

0oddess of fertility and nature, consort of Osiris: Identi@ed #ith Deeter and

A!hrodite

Iteru (jtr#)

) Ri&er1unit, easure of len%th, cubits, ca: ", 0ree" s"hoine

) ca: " accordin% to ?reasted

4) Ri&er, .ile

Ithy!hallic (fro 0ree" ithu!hallicos)

Ha&in% an erect !enis, a si%n of fertility (de!ictions of ba1birds, Osiris, Min or

Aen, etc)

J

Jud%ent of the Dead

Decision by the %ods on the afterlife of a !erson

Justi@ed

aa1"heru, lit: True of &oice, dead !erson jud%ed fa&ourably

K

Ka

Iortal !art of a bein%, but needin% nourishent, coin% into e9istence


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to%ether #ith the bein%' the Llife forceL, continuity of e9istence: =f: ?ody and

+oul:

To %o to his "a' to die

Kadashan 5nlil

Kin% of ?abylon, conte!orary of Aenhote! III

Kadesh, Kedesh, adesh

) Corti@ed to#n in Retenu, site of faous battle

) 0oddess

Ka%eni

) -iier under +nefru, author of the Instructions of Ka%eni3

) -iier under Teti (2th dynasty) #ith faous astaba

Kahun, Fahun, Illahun (Arabic)

Middle Kin%do !lanned to#n near the site of Hote! +enusret

Kabyses

see =abyses

Kautef

Fit: >?ull of his Mother>: .ae of the ithy!hallic, self1created Aen and Min

Kanofer

Architect under Khase"he#y (nd dynasty), s!eculati&ely Ihote!>s father

Karna", Al Karna" (Arabic)

odern &illa%e, occu!yin% the northern half of !haraonic Thebes, I!et isut,

the site of any ancient te!les

Ka#ab

+on of Khufu (6th dynasty)

Keftiu

described as a !lace in the idst of the 0reat 0reen, i:e: the Mediterranean,

!ossibly =rete, soeties identi@ed #ith =y!rus or #ith the #hole of the

Ae%ean


19/39

Keet (":t)

The blac" (land)

The fertile soil of the .ile Pood !lain

5%y!t #hich is also called the T#o Fands

Kenbet ($nb:t)

Judicial coission or court

Ke#eden, Kiu#adna

Hurrian &assal state of the Hittites in southern Anatolia

Khafre, =hafre, =hefren

Old Kin%do 7haraoh, 6th dynasty

Khae#aset

+on of Rases II, hi%h !riest of 7tah

Khaudi, =haudi, A!e!i II

Hy"sos "in%

Khar (QAr)

Fit: sac", easure of ca!acity

) De"a1he$at, he$at, ca:6/ litres: (OK, MK)

) De"a1he$at, "har, e$uals 6 oi!e, i:e: 2 he$at, ca: E2 litres (MK1+I7)

4) Khar, 6 oi!e, 2 litres (.K1TI7)

Khe"er si%n (Q"r)

architectural decoration

Khe"he!erre1sonbu

7riest (Adonitions)

Khentaenti, Khenty1Ientiu, =hontaenti

see Anubis, also Osiris

Kheo!s


20/39

see Khufu

Khe!resh, Khe!eresh (9!r+)

The blue cro#n

Khet (9t), "het1en1nu

Finear easure, cubits, about G etres

Kheta

see Hatti

Kheti, A"htoy

A nuber of "in%s rulin% at Heracleo!olis durin% the Cirst Interediate 7eriod

A nuber of noarchs durin% the Cirst Interediate 7eriod'

) Kheti son of Te@bi (inscri!tion)

) Kheti son of +it (inscri!tion)

Khnuhote!, Khnuhot!e

) Khnuhote! I, noarch (Inscri!tion)

) Khnuhote! II, %randson of Khnuhote! I, noarch (Inscri!tion)

Khons, Khonsu

) Moon 0od, son of Aen and Mut, his ain te!le #as at Karna"3

) =alled To' Cirst !ro!het of Men"he!erra under Rases II

Khufu, =heo!s


Kios" (fro Crench "ios$ue, Tur"ish "s")

A roof su!!orted by coluns or !oles

Kit, "ite, $ite, ($d:t)

#ei%ht, one tenth of a deben, about E %raes (durin% the .e# Kin%do)

0ree" !eriod' onetary unit #orth one tenth of a deben drachas

Kohl (fo Arabic "uhl )


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?lac" eyeliner (cf: =osetics)

Kubna, 0e!en

5%y!tian nae for ?yblos

Kush, Kash

.ubian re%ion abo&e the second cataract

K-

sed by archaeolo%ists to%ether #ith a nuber to identify tobs in the -alley

of the Kin%s

F

Fabayu

Ruler of +heche, conte!orary of A"henaten (cf: Aarna Fetters)

Fector !riest

7riest readin% ritual te9ts

Fibu, Ribu

Fibyans

Fesonis

0ree" for 5%y!tian r1+n, an elected o8cial in char%e of the econoic

ana%eent of a te!le

F7

Fate 7eriod

F:7:H:

Fife, !ros!erity, health (an9 #DA snb) ;< 1 Bish for #ell1bein%, added after

the naes of !haraohs, L!ros!erityL should rather be LsoundnessL

Fu9or (Arabic el "sor)

odern &illa%e, occu!yin% the southern half of ancient Thebes, I!et resyt

M

Ma


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see Mesh#esh

Maa1"heru (Aa19r# )

True of &oice, justi@ed: sed for

) the #innin% !arty in a trial,

) the dead #hose heart #ei%hed less than a feather

Maat, Ma>at, Mayet (aA:t)

0oddess of Truth3 the #orld order, justice, !ro!er conduct:

Mafdet

0oddess, syboliin% judicial authority and the e9ecution a!!aratus

Maisi (=o!tic)

lit: House of ?irth, sanctuary attached to a te!le3 dedicated to the birth of

the child deity of a triad

Mastaba (Arabic astaba, bench)

Old Kin%do, under%round tob #ith abo&e %round structure

Mai$da

4/ hin, about E litres

Medjay

.ubian ercenaries since the Cirst Interediary 7eriod, !olice under Ahose

I and his successors

Me%iddo

I!ortant =anaanite to#n, site of battle

Meh1ta (H1tA)

Area easure, cubits s$uared, ca: , .e# Kin%do

Me!his (0ree"), Mennefer, Mof

Old Kin%do ca!ital of 5%y!t (near =airo)

Menat (nj:t)

) Musical instruent, castanet3


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) ?road collar or nec"lace, attribute of Hathor

Men, Menes, Min

Cirst !haraoh of the united "in%do accordin% to Herodotus, identi@ed as Hor1

aha

Men"aure, My"erinos


Men"he!erreseneb

Hi%h !riest of Aon at Karna", /th dynasty

Mentuhote!, Montuhote!

6 !haraohs of the th dynasty

Mereru"a

&iier under Teti (2th dynasty), successor of Ka%eni

Meryre, 7e!i I, 7e!y I

Old Kin%do !haraoh, 2th dynasty

Meryt1Aen

Dau%hter of A"henaten and ueen .efertiti, #ife of +en"h"are(S)

Mes"henet

0oddess !ersoni@cation of the birthin% stone, t#o bric"s !laced under the

feet of the #oan %i&in% birth in a crouchin% !osition

Mesh#esh (+#+), Ma

Fibyans settled in the Delta durin% the Third Interediary 7eriod, ercenaries

Metjen

O8cial under +nofru (?io%ra!hy)

Min

Certility %od

7haraoh, see Menes

Mitanni


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Hurrian !eo!le li&in% in .aharin (#estern Meso!otaia), disa!!eared as an

inde!endent nation durin% the 5%y!tian .e# Kin%do

MK

Middle Kin%do

Moeris, Moiris

) !ossibly Aenehet III:

) Fa"e Moeris 1 la"e in the Cayu e9ca&ated accordin% to Herodotus by

Moeris

Montu, Mont

Bar %od

Montuhote!

see Mentuhote!

Mut

) Mother %oddess, often e$uated #ith Isis

) Deceased #ith often alicious intentions

.

.a%ada, .a$ada

+ettleent 4 " north#est of Thebes: .ae for !redynastic !eriods fro

4GG to 2 ?=5

.aharin, .aharina

Re%ion in +yria or Febanon, at ties identi@ed #ith Ara .aharai, the

re%ion bet#een #estern Ti%ris and the 5u!hrates, at others #ith the re%ion

bet#een the Fitani and the Orontes:

.aos (0ree" naos, te!le)

The sanctuary #ith the di&ine statues

.arer

Kin%, thou%ht by any to be the uniter of !!er and Fo#er 5%y!t

.atron (fro +!anish, ori%inally 0ree")


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=arbonate salt i9ture used in uifyin%, found at Badi .atrun

.aucratis, .au"ratis (0ree")

Ionian city in the Delta

.ebaen, .ebaon, .ebaun

=hief of !olice in #estern Thebes under Thutose I- and Aenhoteo! III

+u!erintendent of the %rain stores under Thutose III (cf: Abbott !a!yrus)

.eb#a#i

Hi%h 7riest of Osiris under Thutose III (Inscri!tion)

.echo, .eco, .ecos, .e"hau

T#o !haraohs of the Fate Dynastic 7eriod, 2th dynasty

.ecro!olis (0ree")

0ree" lit: =ity of the dead, ceetery

.efer (nfr)

Aulet ade of %old, %ood luc" char

.efer"are, 7e!i II, 7e!y II

Old Kin%do !haraoh, 2th dynasty

.efertari, .efertari1Mery1Mut

Main #ife of Rases II

.efertiti, .efertete, .ofretete

Bife of A"henaten

.eferty

7ro!het

.eheh (nHH)

5ternity, !er!etual rene#al of cycles, as o!!osed to djet

.ehes

see .ubia


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.e"ha"ha (n99)

see Pa%ellu

.e"hbet

0oddess of !!er 5%y!t re!resented in the for of a &ulture

.e"he"h (n99)

see Pa%ellu

.e"hen, Hiera"on!olis

Ancient southern ca!ital

.e!hthys, .e!thys, .ebt1Het

0oddess, #ife of +eth

.eshet (n+:t)

The bar$ue of Osiris

.iloeter

7lace, %enerally #ith colun, #here the hei%ht of the .ile could be easured

.itocris, .ito"ris

dau%hter of 7saetic I, 2th dynasty, Bife of the 0od Aen

.K

.e# Kin%do

.oarch (0ree")

Ruler of a noe

.oe (fro 0ree" noos di&ision)

Adinistrati&e re%ion

.ub (nb)

0old

.ubia, Ba#at

Re%ion abo&e the @rst cataract, occu!ied by 5%y!t durin% the nd Millenniu

?=5


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.un

7riordial %od of #ater and fertility, de!icted as a %reen or blue an

.ut

0oddess of the s"y

O

Obol

0ree" coin, one si9th of a dracha, di&ided into / chal"oi

O%doad (fro Fatin, 0ree" for ei%ht)

The ei%ht !rie&al %ods of creation' .un and .aunet, Ku" and Kau"et, Huh

and Hauhet, Aen and Aaunet

Oi!e (j!:t)

Measure of ca!acity, 6 he$at, about litres (.K to Roan ties)

OK

Old Kin%do

On, Helio!olis (0ree")

Main te!le of the sun %od Re

O!enin% of the Mouth

cereony !erfored for a deceased !erson

Osiris, Asr, Ausar

0od of Duat, consort of Isis: 5$uated #ith the 0ree" Dionysos

Ostracon, Ostra"on (0ree")

a !ottery sherd used for #ritin% or s"etchin% on, !lural ostra"a

7

7abi

Ruler of Fachish, conte!orary of A"henaten

7araon (0ree")

In the Hellenist culture the obli%ation of a freed sla&e to !erfor ser&ices for


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his forer aster

7aser

) -iceroy under Ay and Horeheb

) Mayor and &iier under +ethi I and Rases II

7ectoral (Fatin)

7iece of je#ellery co&erin% u!!er chest

7elusiac, 7elusian (fro 0ree")

The easternost ar of the .ile, naed after the to#n 7elusiu

7ediese, 7etiese, 7ediaset

A nuber of Fate 7eriod !riests, cf: The 7etition of 7ediese

7e!i

T#o Old Kin%do !haraohs, 2th dynasty'

) 7e!i I, 7e!y I, Meryre

) 7e!i II, 7e!y II, .efer"are, +on of 7e!i I

7eleset

One of the +ea 7eo!les, the 7hilistines, settled in =anaan

7eret, 7ert, 7roit (!r:t)

+eason of 0ro#th, fro id .o&eber to id March in 7toleaic ties

7esesh1"af (!s+1"f)

=ereonial instruent used in the O!enin% of the Mouth =ereony

7haraoh (&ia 0ree" and Hebre# (!ar>oh) fro 5%y!tian !r1aA 1 >0reat House>)

+ince the @rst illenniu ?=5 "in% of 5%y!t,

7hoeni9 (0ree"), ?ennu bird

Mytholo%ical bird (see ?estiary)

7ian"hi, 7iye

7haraoh of the Fate Dynastic 7eriod, Gth dynasty


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7re1dynastic, !redynastic

7rehistoric !eriod, GG to 4G ?=5

7rehir#onnef

+on of Raesses II and ueen .efertari, ser&ed in the ary

7ronaos (fro 0ree")

Roo leadin% to the naos

7roto1dynastic, !rotodynastic

7eriod 4 to 4G, also called Fate 0erean

7ro!het (fro 0ree")

H nTr, lit: ser&ant of the %od, Head !riest

7saetichos, 7saetic, 7sate", 7sati"

Three !haraohs, 2th dynasty

7seudoe!i%ra!ha (0ree")

Britin%s of a later date than !ur!orted, often attributed to an ancient

authority li"e a !haraoh

7shent

the double cro#n of the united 5%y!t

7tach, 7tah

=reator %od, He!haestos to the 0ree"s

7tahhote!

&iier under Djed"are (Gth dynasty), !utati&e author of instructions of #isdo

7unt

A!!arently a re%ion in the Horn of Africa, 5thio!ia and*or southern Arabia: Atties identi@ed #ith 0od>s Fand:

7ylon

Massi&e structure at the entrance of a te!le co!le9

7yraid te9ts


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Te9ts #ritten inside !yraids concernin% the afterlife of the deceased

7yraidion (fro 0ree")

=a!stone of a !yraid

a>a

Fast !haraoh of the @rst dynasty

a>a

Hi%h1roofed rece!tion roo in 5%y!tian houses (see The House of

Djehutinefer )

adesh

see Kadesh

ebehsenuef, Kebhsenuf etc

One of the four sons of Horus

enbet ($nb:t)

Judicial court

oseir, useir

7ort on the Red +ea coast

R

Ra

see Re

Raeses, Raesis, Raesses, Rases, Rasis

!haraohs rei%nin% durin% the .e# Kin%do, Eth and th dynasty

Raose

) -iier under Aenhote! III and Aenhote! I-3

) -iier under Rases II

Re, Ra

+un %od, Helios to the 0ree"s, #ith the cult centre at Helio!olis


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Red cro#n

Deshret (d+r:t), the cro#n of Fo#er 5%y!t

Re"hire

Mayor and &iier under Thutose III and Aenhote! II, faous tob(Re%ulation laid u!on the &iier)

Reen (rn)

) +$uare easure, Ta, di&ided into t#o heseb 3

) Finear easure: abo&e all as Double reen, di&ided into 6 di%its 1 alost

G c

4) Finear easure: G cubits

Rensi

%o&ernor, !ossibly @ctional, entioned in the story of the 5lo$uent 7easant

Retenu, Reenu

The re%ion occu!ied today by +yria, Febanon and northern Israel

Rib1Addi

Ruler of ?yblos, conte!orary of A"henaten

Rosetau, Rasetjau

7lace in the Afterlife, the nder#orld, real of +o"ar

+

+ab%u

The !lanet Mercury

+ah (sAH)

The constellation of Orion, associated #ith Osiris

+a""ara, +a$$ara

?urial %round near Me!his

+arco!ha%us (0ree" sar9 U !ha%os, Pesh eatin%)

+tone co8n


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+au

A!otro!aic aulet

+carab

) Dun% beetle

) Aulet in the for of a dun% beetle

+eba"hin, +ebba"hin (Arabic)

Decayed ud bric" used as fertilier by odern fellahin

+echet, +e"het

0oddess of lo&e and !rotection, cf: Hathor

+ed Cesti&al, Heb +ed (Hb1sd)

=elebration of the 4th anni&ersary of a !haraoh>s rule, soeties

celebrated after a shorter tie !eriod

+enet (n:t)

?oard %ae

+eniu (sni#, until the .e# Kin%do +na)

Bei%ht, one t#elfth of a deben, :2 %raes (.e# Kin%do)

+enut, +eneut

Minister and fa&ourite of ueen Hatshe!sut

+enusert, +enusret, +en#osret, +esostris

Three Middle Kin%do !haraohs, th dynasty

+erdab (cellar in Arabic)

Old Kin%do under%round funerary cha!el #ith a statue of the deceased,

contains sall o!enin%s !ossibly to enable the "a to !artici!ate in the

!rayers and sacri@ces:

+ere"h (sr9)

Britten sybol of "in%shi! in the sha!e of a !alace (see the .arer 7alette)

+er!o!ards (fro 0ree")


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Fon%1nec"ed chiaera of Meso!otaian ori%in

+eshat

0oddess, her nae eans >feale scribe>: 7erha!s a for of .e!hthys

+et, +eth

0od of chaos, brother of Osiris

+etau

-iceroy of Kush under Rases II

+etchat, stat (sTAt)

+$uare easure, cubits s$uared, G s$3 0ree" aroura

+ete! (st!)

=ereonial instruent used in the O!enin% of the Mouth =ereony

+habti, +ha#abti (S) (ainly .e# Kin%do), shabti (ainly Fate 7eriod)

Muyfor statuette of the deceased !laced since the Middle Kin%do in

tobs to do anual labour

+haddoof, +hadoof, +haduf, +hadouf (Arabic)

=ontra!tion for raisin% #ater anually

+ha#abti (+#b:tj)

see shabti

+heche, +he"he, +iche (+eitic)

To#n in =anaan (7alestine)

+heu, +hau, +hau (+#)

The season of har&est, id March to id July in 7toleaic ties

+hena (+na)

see seniu

+he!ses"af

Kin% (6th dynasty), son of Men"aure

+heshon", +heshon$


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G !haraohs rei%nin% durin% the 4rd Interediate 7eriod, th and 4th

dynasty

+hu

0od, often identi@ed #ith Heracles by the 0ree"s

+hu#ardata

Ruler of Keilah, conte!orary of A"henaten

+ile

To#n on the eastern border of the Delta (Tell Abu +eify), !ossibly identical

#ith aru

+I7

+econd Interediate 7eriod

+istru, +eistron

Musical instruent, rattle

+nefru, +neferu, +nofru


+olar boat, V shi!, V bar$ue

?oat used by the sun %od to cross the s"y

+o!det (s!d:t), 0ree" +othis

0oddess, ebodient of the star +irius

+!eos (0ree" for >ca&e>)

Te!le cut into roc"

+!hin9 (0ree")

+tatue #ith lion>s body and huan or anial head

+tat (sTA:t)

see +etchat

+tater

Also tetradracha, 0ree" 6 dracha coin


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+tela, stele (!lural stelae or steles) (fro 0ree")

Monuental stone slab #ith car&in%s

T

Ta (tA)

Old Kin%do area easure

cubits by cubits, ca:

Tadu1heba, Tadu"hi!a

Dau%hter of Tushratta, arried to Aenhote! III

Talatat (fro Arabic for three)

+all stone bloc"s used in te!le #alls

Talent

2 inas at drachas each, 2 drachas

Tailat

see Tuilat

Tauret, Ta#eret, Tau#ret

fertility %oddess

Tefnut

0oddess of de# and rain

Tehenu, Tehennu, Ta1+eti

7eo!le li&in% in the +ahara, Fibyans

Tehuti

see Thoth

Teenos (0ree")

5nclosure adjacent to or surroundin% a te!le etc

Tet (tj:t),

cf: Tyet


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Teti

2th dynasty !haraoh

Thebes, .o, Baset, Bese

.e# Kin%do ca!ital of 5%y!t, centre of the Aen cult

Thoth, Thot, Toth, Tehuti, Djehuti

0od of #isdo, his ain te!le #as at Hero!olis, Heres Trise%istus to

the 0ree"s

Thuthose, Thutose, Thutosis, Tuthosis

) Cour .e# Kin%do !haraohs, /th dynasty3

) Caous artist acti&e under A"henaten (?ust of .efertiti)

TI7

Third Interediate 7eriod

Tiye

Bife of Aenhote! III, dau%hter of Wuya and Tuyu, other of A"henaten

Triad (fro 0ree" >trias> for three)

Three related %ods 1 the Theban Triad, the Triad of Abydos, the Triad of

Me!his

TT

Theban Tob, to%ether #ith a nuber used by archaeolo%ists to identify

ancient tobs at Thebes

Tuilat, Tailat

Badi connectin% the easternost ar of the .ile to the ?itter Fa"es

Tushratta

Kin% of Mitanni, @rst half of the 6th century ?=5

Tutanchaen, Tutanchaun, Tutan"haen, Tutan"haten, Tutan"haun

.e# Kin%do !haraoh, /th dynasty

T#o lands


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The united land of !!er and Fo#er 5%y!t, since the .e# Kin%do also

referred to as Keet

Tyet, Tet, The ?lood of Isis, The ?uc"le of Isis

+ybol associated #ith Isis, aulet ade of red sei1!recious stone

at: to

0oddess identi@ed #ith the 0ree" Feto, her centre of #orshi! #as ?uto

basti

see ?ast

djat, Bedjat (#AD:t)

The eye of Horus, aulet

nas, Beni, Benis

Old Kin%do !haraoh, Gth dynasty

ni

see Beni

!uaut, Be!#a#et

0uardian %od in the sha!e of a canine

raeus (fro 0ree", fro 5%y!tian jAr:t )

+ybolic cobra, !art of the headdress of !haraohs and %ods:

ser"af

Cirst "in% of the @fth dynasty

sertesen

+ee +enusret

shabti

see shabti

-

-alley of the Kin%s


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7haraonic burial site near Thebes durin% the .e# Kin%do, odern nae for

ancient LThe 0reat and Majestic .ecro!olis of the Millions of Wears of the

7haraoh, F:7:H:, in the Best of ThebesL or LThe 0reat CieldL

-alley of the ueens

?urial site of $ueens near Thebes

-iier (fro Arabic #aeer)

5%y!tian tjati, the Arabic #ord for the chief inister, %enerally used in the

conte9t of !haraonic 5%y!t

-oussoir (Crench fro Fatin &olsoriu)

Bed%e sha!ed stone used for buildin% arches

B

Badjet (#AD:t), also #edjat, uat

Funar eye of Horus: The uraeus of Re: Often used in aulet for to !rotect

fro the e&il eye

Bas sce!tre (#As)

+ybol of #ell1bein% and ha!!iness

Baset, Bese

see Thebes

Ba#at

see .ubia

Bedjahorresnet

7hysician, 7ersian !eriod

Benaen, Benaun, Ben1Aun, Ben1Aen, Ben1aen

th dynasty !riest sent to ?yblos to buy tiber

Beni, Benis

see nas

Beni, ni

2th dynasty o8cial, %o&ernor of !!er 5%y!t, ser&ed under a nuber of


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!haraohs

Be!#a#et

!uaut

Bhite cro#n

the cro#n of !!er 5%y!t

Q

Qer9es

7ersian "in% and !haraoh of 5%y!t (G/G1G62 ?=5)

W

Warsu

+yrian, soeties identi@ed #ith Merne!tah +i!tah>s chancellor ?ay:(Eth

dynasty)

Wuya

hi%h o8cial under Thutose I-, husband of Tuyu

a!hnath!aaneah, a!hnath1!aaneah

accordin% to the bible the 5%y!tian nae of Jose!h

aru, Thalu, Tjaru

A to#n in the Delta on the eastern frontier, !ossibly identical #ith +ile

oser

see Djoser

Glossary of Ancient Egyptian Terms and Names

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Transcript of Glossary of Ancient Egyptian Terms and Names