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Global Shipping Markets

Capital Link Greek Shipping Forum

February 8, 2017

Gautam Khurana

Director, Drewry Maritime Financial Research

[email protected]

www.drewry.co.uk 2

Drewry Maritime Financial Research

Welcome to Drewry

Drewry is a leading provider of research and consulting

services to the maritime and shipping industry. The

company has unrivalled experience and expertise across

all market sectors from containers and ports to tankers

and dry bulk.

From our origins in 1970 in London to a 21st century

maritime and shipping consultancy, Drewry has

established itself as one of the most widely used and

respected sources of impartial market insight and industry

analysis. This in-depth understanding and objectivity

provides our clients with actionable advice and

recommendations they need to achieve their ambitions

and stay ahead of the market.

We provide our services through four business units:

Drewry Maritime Advisors supports the needs of

shipping and financial institutions; Drewry Supply Chain

Advisors provides sea freight procurement support to

retailers and manufacturers; Drewry Maritime Research

publishes market-leading research on every key maritime

sector; and Drewry Maritime Financial Research

delivers investment research services on listed companies

operating in the industry.

http://home.drewry.co.uk/pdf/Drewry_Capabilities_brochure_v2.pdf

www.drewry.co.uk 3

Drewry Maritime Financial Research

Our four Business Units

Our research provides

robust analysis and balanced

opinion for those within

shipping, finance and

logistics who need to make

informed business decisions.

The range of titles and

reports we publish keeps our

clients up to date on every

key maritime sector, from dry

bulk to chemicals and from

LPG to ferries, with detailed

analysis and insightful

commentaries on past,

present and future sector

performance.

Our Maritime Advisors offer a

wealth of experience across

maritime sectors and lead

the industry in their

respective areas of

specialisation. Our sector

expertise covers ports, bulk

shipping, liner shipping,

shipyards, ferry and RoRo,

and technical ship

management.

Our combination of deep

sector understanding,

technical expertise and

market-leading

insight increases our

confidence in our actions and

ability to deliver the right

results for our clients.

We focus on advising users

of international multi-modal

transport services, taking our

extensive understanding of

the industry and applying it to

all stages of the supply chain.

Through our supply chain

research catalogue and

industry knowledge, we offer

a range of procurement

support services that

empower importers and

exporters. Our services

provide them with the tools,

resources and tailored advice

they need to more effectively

manage their transport

service provider and

international supply chains.

Combining our market-

leading resources with

seasoned sector expertise

and commercial awareness,

we are now able to offer

highly differentiated and

comprehensive investment

research service to

prospective investors in

publically listed maritime and

shipping companies.

Our services cover a range of

report formats, supporting

resources and sector-

orientated webinars aimed at

providing our clients with a

complete picture of the

organisations under our

coverage.

4 www.drewry.co.uk Drewry Maritime Financial Research

Cyclicality in shipping sectors

Recovery in LPG, Dry Bulk to continue

Source: Drewry research

Product Tankers

Dry Bulk

LPG (VLGC)

LNG

Container

Crude Tanker

LPG (coasters)

www.drewry.co.uk

Dry bulk shipping

Container shipping

Crude tankers

Product tankers

LPG shipping

LNG shipping


Dry bulk shipping

Fragile recovery

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

Ja

n-1

5

Feb

-15

Ma

r-1

5

Apr-

15

Ma

y-1

5

Ju

n-1

5

Ju

l-1

5

Au

g-1

5

Se

p-1

5

Oct-

15

No

v-1

5

De

c-1

5

Ja

n-1

6

Feb

-16

Ma

r-1

6

Apr-

16

Ma

y-1

6

Ju

n-1

6

Ju

l-1

6

Aug-1

6

Se

p-1

6

Oct-

16

No

v-1

6

De

c-1

6

Ja

n-1

7

Feb

-17

Ma

r-1

7

Apr-

17

Ma

y-1

7

Ju

n-1

7

Ju

l-1

7

Au

g-1

7

Se

p-1

7

Oct-

17

No

v-1

7

De

c-1

7

Ja

n-1

8

BDI

Bottomed out in February 2016

- BDI 290. Rates below opex

Rebound as

Chinese demand

crept up Correction

after a strong

Rally got strong in the second

half of 2017 on firm iron ore

imports by China amid

seasonal strength

Market should rebound

after 1Q weakness

Source: Bloomberg, Drewry research. Based on monthly average

• Strong recovery following the dip in 2016

• Recovery sputters as China cuts steel production in winter

• Demand expected to pickup after the 1st quarter

Baltic dry Index (BDI)


Dry bulk shipping

Benign fleet growth in 2018 and 2019

Source: Bloomberg, Drewry research

• Dry bulk fleet growth of 1% compared to 3.7% in 2017

• We forecast 23m dwt actual fleet growth in 2018 (adjusting for slippage)

• Orderbook stands at 9.9% of the current fleet

11.7%

6.2% 5.3%

2.7%

1.5%

3.7%

1.0% 1.2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

0

150

300

450

600

750

900

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018e 2019e

m d

wt

Fleet (LHS) Fleet growth (RHS)

Dry bulk fleet growth


Dry bulk shipping

Drybulk shipping demand – iron ore remains the mainstay


• Iron ore main tonne mile demand driver with share increasing to 49%

• Coal share declined to 24%

• Minor bulk and grain trade steady

Dry bulk tonne-mile demand by commodity

45% 46% 48% 48% 48% 48% 49%

28% 27% 26% 25% 24% 24% 24%

8% 8% 8% 9% 10% 10% 10%

19% 19% 18% 18% 18% 18% 18%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018e

Iron Ore Coal Grain Minor Bulk


Dry bulk shipping

China’s iron-ore imports to moderate


Chinese steel production and iron-ore imports to be lower in 2018

• 28 cities accounting for 30% of China’s steel production offline from

November’17 to March’18.

• This reduction is likely to result in 3-4% iron ore import growth in 2018, down

from 6% import growth in 2017.

• China iron ore imports flatten

-12%

-8%

-4%

0%

4%

8%

12%

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

No

v-1

5

Ja

n-1

6

Ma

r-1

6

Ma

y-1

6

Ju

l-1

6

Se

p-1

6

No

v-1

6

Ja

n-1

7

Ma

r-1

7

Ma

y-1

7

Ju

l-1

7

Se

p-1

7

No

v-1

7China's steel production (m tonnes) y/y growth

-12%

-6%

0%

6%

12%

18%

24%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Oct-

15

De

c-1

5

Feb

-16

Ap

r-1

6

Ju

n-1

6

Au

g-1

6

Oct-

16

De

c-1

6

Feb

-17

Ap

r-1

7

Ju

n-1

7

Au

g-1

7

Oct-

17

De

c-1

7

China's iron ore imports y/y growth


Dry bulk shipping

Grain trade growth expected to slow in 2018


• Over the last two years, Asia and the Middle East drove strong growth in grain

trade

• Grain trade growth expected to moderate in 2018

Higher grain exports to support smaller vessels

2% 2%

18%

2%

9%

6%

1%

0%

4%

8%

12%

16%

20%

0

75

150

225

300

375

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017p 2018e

Top grain exporters (m tonnes) growth (y/y)


Dry bulk shipping

Minor bulk trade to remain firm in 2018/19


• Growth in Soybean, Bauxite, Nickel etc trade to support small bulk segment

• Increased long haul trades for minor bulk commodities such as US/ China,

Brazil/ China, Guinea/ China

Growth in minor bulk trade to be steady

3.6%

9.7%

-2.8%

-1.6%

9.4%

3.1% 3.1% 4.3%

-6%

-3%

0%

3%

6%

9%

12%

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017* 2018 2019

Minor bulk seaborne trade y/y growth


Dry bulk shipping

Spodumene trade

0

800

1600

2400

3200

4000

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Th

ou

sa

nd

to

nn

es

2%

18%

80%

40,000-65,000 dwt

65,000-100,000 dwt

100,000-120,000 dwt

Share of vessel (in dwt) in port headland's

spodumenne export

Australia’s spodumene exports

Exports took

off in 2017

Source: GTIS, Drewry research

• Sixfold increase in Australian Spodumene exports

• Spodumene used for producing Lithium batteries

• China aims to manufacture 2 million electrical vehicles by 2020


Dry bulk shipping

Coal trade to moderate on lower import growth by Asian countries


• Thermal coal imports trade expected to moderate

• Switch to renewables and LNG

• Increased domestic production in India

Global coal imports

-9%

-6%

-3%

0%

3%

6%

9%

12%

740

760

780

800

820

840

860

880

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Thermal coal imports (LHS) (y/y growth, RHS)

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

0

100

200

300

400

500

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Global coking coal imports (m tonnes, LHS)

(y/y growth, RHS)


Dry bulk shipping

Industry profitability to increase


• Industry EBITDA expected to increase from 30% in 2017 to 35% in 2018

• Smaller vessels to benefit from higher utilization

0

10

20

30

40

50

2016 2017 2018e

Industry revenue (USD bn)

-10%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

2016 2017 2018e

Industry EBITDA margin

Revenue to increase but at lower pace than in 2017 Profitability to enhance further in 2018

www.drewry.co.uk

Dry bulk shipping

Container shipping

Crude tankers

Product tankers

LPG shipping

LNG shipping


Container shipping

Orderbook to fleet ratio at historical low

Order book-to-fleet at historical lows

• Supply to marginally exceed demand growth

• Orderbook at a record low of 13.4%

• Front-loaded delivery schedule to dampen near term rate increases

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Supply-demand gap has narrowed

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017e

2018e

2019e

Change in supply (%) Change in demand (%)


Container shipping

Capacity growth skewed to larger vessel sizes

475

40

458 527

1,286

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

<5,000 teu 5-10,000teu

10-14,000teu

14-18,000teu

>18,000teu

Containership deliveries by size (’000 teu)

248

6 38 37

63

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

<5,000 teu 5-10,000teu

10-14,000teu

14-18,000teu

>18,000teu

Containership deliveries by no of vessels

Source: Drewry research, Data as of 1 Jan, 2018 Source: Drewry research, Data as of 1 Jan, 2018

• 5.6% fleet growth in 2018

• Capacity skewed to >10k TEU

• Number of vessels greatest in

<5k TEU

Adjusted global containership orderbook (’000 teu)

Source: Drewry research, Data as of 1 Oct 2017

2015 2016 2017 2018F 2019F 2020F

Scheduled delivery* 1,889 1,321 1,540 1,965 1,450 1,279

Less slippage 171 432 303 491 290 128

Less cancellations 0 0 0 0 0 0 Delivery Total 1,718 889 1,237 1,474 1,160 1,151

Scrapping 193 654 400 315 340 430

Total global fleet 19,735 19,970 20,807 21,966 22,786 23,507

% orderbook delivered 90.9% 67.3% 80.3% 75.0% 80.0% 90.0%

Fleet growth 8.4% 1.2% 4.2% 5.6% 3.7% 3.2% Future orders 0 50 500 500


Container shipping

Carriers make significant investments in newbuildings

Source: Drewry research, Various * 2017 data to Nov 2017

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017YTD

US

D m

illi

on

Carriers Independent owners

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1Q16 2Q16 3Q16 4Q16 1Q17 2Q17 3Q17 4Q17

< 8,000 teu 8,000+ teu

Recent orders by vessel size (’000 teu) Industry investment in new builds (USD million)

• 3rd quarter 2017 most profitable for the liner industry in the past seven years.

All major carriers barring HMM posted a profit.

• Profits ploughed back into new vessel orders

• Orders predominantly in the ultra large vessel segment

• Most recent orders are from carriers rather than independent owners


Container shipping

Load factors and port throughput should remain healthy

Port throughput growth is expected to be positive

on all trade lanes

Load factor on East-West trade remains at

comfortable level

• Port throughput grew 6% or 42m TEU in 2017

• Growth expected to moderate in 2018

• East-West head-haul ship utilization continuing upward trend

-4%

0%

4%

8%

12%

No

rth

Am

erica

Eu

rop

e

Asia

Mid

-Ea

st

Latin

Am

erica

Afr

ica

Oceania

2016 2017e 2018e

76%

80%

84%

88%

92%

96%

100%

1Q

15

2Q

15

3Q

15

4Q

15

1Q

16

2Q

16

3Q

16

4Q

16

1Q

17

2Q

17

3Q

17

4Q

17e

E-W headhaul utilisation



Container shipping

Fewer idle vessels indicate buoyancy in demand

Lower than average idle fleet


• Idle fleet down from 1.4m TEU after Hanjin to 500,000 TEU today

• 54 idle ships reactivated from September to December 2017

• Reactivated ships mainly deployed on short term charter and so could find their

way back to the idle vessel list if demand growth stagnates

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

0

250

500

750

1,000

1,250

1,500

1Q

08

4Q

08

3Q

09

2Q

10

1Q

11

4Q

11

3Q

12

2Q

13

1Q

14

4Q

14

3Q

15

2Q

16

1Q

17

4Q

17

Laid up '000 teu Laid up as% of total fleet (R.H.S) Average

Average 3.6%


Container shipping

However, the risk of another price war remains…

• Revenue increases may lag bunker price increases

• World Container Index (WCI) below 5 year average despite high utilization

• More consolidation needed


Estimated industry freight rates, unit costs

(USD)

WCI spot rates assessed by Drewry (USD / 40ft

container)

Source: WCI spot rates (assessed by Drewry), Drewry research

100

300

500

700

600

800

1,000

1,200

1Q

13

3Q

13

1Q

14

3Q

14

1Q

15

3Q

15

1Q

16

3Q

16

1Q

17

3Q

17

US

D/t

on

ne

US

D

Revenue/teu

Cost/teu

Rotterdam IFO 380 (RHS)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Ja

n-1

3

Ma

y-1

3

Sep

-13

Ja

n-1

4

Ma

y-1

4

Sep

-14

Ja

n-1

5

Ma

y-1

5

Sep

-15

Ja

n-1

6

Ma

y-1

6

Sep

-16

Ja

n-1

7

Ma

y-1

7

Sep

-17

Ja

n-1

8

WCI Average

5-year average = $1,562 / feu

www.drewry.co.uk

Dry bulk shipping

Container shipping

Crude tankers

Product tankers

LPG shipping

LNG shipping


Crude Tankers

Asian countries to drive global crude oil demand

• Consumption expected to grow 1.3 mbpd in 2018

• Upcoming Asian refineries expected to drive tonne mile demand growth

• Contango and resumption of stocking activity can boost vessel demand

Global crude oil demand (mbpd)


-2%

-1%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018e

2019e

2020e

Global oil demand Oil demand of OECD economies

Oil demand of non-OECD economies % change in Global oil demand (RHS)


Crude Tankers

Increased ordering activity

• Elevated ordering accompanied strong market in 2015

• Reduced stocking and OPEC production cuts hurt demand

• Ordering in 2017 will prolong current slump

Increased ordering activity could prolong an already weak tanker market


0

75

150

225

300

375

450

0

12

24

36

48

60

72

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Nu

mb

er

of

ve

ss

els

Ord

eri

ng

(m

dw

t)

Handysize Handymax Panamax Aframax Suezmax VLCC ULCC Number of vessels


Crude Tankers

Fleet expansion continues

• 4.8% fleet expansion - 49 VLCCs, 50 Suezmaxes and 31 Aframaxes delivered

in 2017

• 35 VLCCs, 16 Suezmaxes and 40 Aframaxes to be delivered in 2018. Tonne

mile demand to grow 1.8% against 2.7% tonne mile supply growth.

• 242 vessels comprising 12.5% of the current fleet on the orderbook

Spate of newbuilding deliveries to outpace the demand growth


0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

0

100

200

300

400

500

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018e 2019e 2020e

Nu

mb

er

of

ve

ss

els

Fle

et

cap

ac

ity (

m d

wt)

Handysize Handymax Panamax Aframax Suezmax VLCC ULCC Number of vessels


Crude Tankers

Rise in demolition could accelerate recovery

• 58 crude tankers of 8.9mdwt demolished in 2017

• We project 9mdwt to be scrapped annually in 2018 and 2019

• Scrapping expected to accelerate to 12mdwt in 2020

Demolitions to increase in weak tanker market


0

20

40

60

80

100

0

3

6

9

12

15

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018e 2019e 2020e

Nu

mb

er

of

ve

ss

els

De

mo

liti

on

s (

m d

wt)

Handysize Handymax Panamax Aframax Suezmax VLCC Number of vessels

www.drewry.co.uk

Dry bulk shipping

Container shipping

Crude tankers

Product tankers

LPG shipping

LNG shipping


Product Tankers

Structural changes on the horizon

• Increased vehicle efficiency, adoption

of electrical vehicles and the switch

from diesel to natural gas for power

generation to dampen growth

• 1-1.5% annual product demand growth

• Asian refineries to boost MRs

• Mid-east refineries to boost LRs

Global oil product demand

Source: IEA, Drewry research, Note: Oil products include Naphtha,

gasoline, jet fuel / kerosene, Gasoil / fuel oil and other oil products

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

85

92

99

106

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018e

2019e

2020e

2021e

2022e

%

mb

pd

Global oil products demand (mbpd)

y/y % change (RHS)

Planned refining capacity 2015-22 (mbpd)

Source: IEA, Drewry research

97.0 96.8 98.0 98.7 99.8 100.8 102.5 103.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2015 2016 2017e 2018e 2019e 2020e 2021e 2022e

mb

pd

Americas Europe Asia

Middle East Latin America Africa

OECD commercial stocks (million barrels)

Source: IEA

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

Crude Gasoline Middledistillates

Heavyfuel oil

Totalproducts

Total

5 year average since 1-Jan-2017 Nov-17 Stocks


Product Tankers

Electrical vehicles to rule the road

Source: IEA, DNVGL

• Electric vehicles usage expected to

grow exponentially over the next

decade.

• Cost of EVs expected to be

competitive by the mid 2020s

• Usage of the internal combustion

engine under threat

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

'00

0 C

ars

Electric car stock

Growth in electric car Expected market share of electric vehicles: 2040s

Total no. of cars in 2016: ~1 billion

% of electric cars in 2016: 0.2%

0

200

400

600

800

1000

2011 2016

US

$//

kW

h

Storage cost

Fall in battery cost

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Bloomberg DNVGL


Product Tankers

Tonnage overhang to continue till 2019

• 55 vessels delivered in 2017

• 81 vessels of about 5.5mdwt expected to be delivered this year

• Tonnage supply likely to keep rates suppressed

• 30% increase in Chinese product export quote positive for MR demand

• Increased Latin American and African demand

Product tanker overbook delivery schedule

Source: Drewry research, **Includes only non-IMO class coated tankers

Product tanker fleet and orderbook (at end-4Q17)

Source: Drewry research, **Includes only non-IMO class coated tankers

5.5

3.3

1.8

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

2018 2019 2020 and beyond

mD

WT

Handysize MR1 MR2 LR1 LR2 Dirty Products

Fleet Orderbook

Size (dwt) No. mdwt No. mdwt % fleet

Clean Products

10-25,000 228 3.3 16 0.3 8.2%

25-40,000 150 5.1 6 0.2 4.4%

40-55,000 453 21.1 44 2.1 10.1%

55-80,000 326 23.9 29 2.1 8.8%

80-120,000 296 32.4 44 5.0 15.3%

120,000+ 3 0.5 3 0.5 100.0%

Dirty Products

55-80,000 77 5.3 5 0.3 6.5%

Total 1,533 91.7 147 10.6 11.5%


Product Tankers

Charter rates under pressure

• Tonne mile demand growth of 2.3%

vs tonne mile supply growth of 2.9%

• Utilization expected to decline

Overall product tanker fleet by trading status (mdwt)


TCE rate for MR2 and LR1 Product Tanker Utilisation

Source: Drewry research Source: Baltic Index, Drewry research

10

40

70

100

130

160

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018e

2019e

2020e

2021e

2022e

Handysize MR1 MR2 LR1 LR2

0

7,000

14,000

21,000

28,000

35,000

De

c-1

5

Ma

r-1

6

Ju

n-1

6

Se

p-1

6

Dec-1

6

Ma

r-1

7

Ju

n-1

7

Se

p-1

7

De

c-1

7

US

D/ d

ay

MR2 TCE rate LR1 TCE rate

Weak charter rates in

2016 due to oversupply Steep rise due to

hurricane Harvey and

Gasoline import to US

81%

82%

83%

84%

85%

2016 2017 2018e 2019e 2020e

Total 25-55,000 dwt

55-80,000 dwt 80,000+ dwt

www.drewry.co.uk

Dry bulk shipping

Container shipping

Crude tankers

Product tankers

LPG shipping

LNG shipping


LPG shipping

Fleet growth moderates in 2018/2019

• Delivery pace expected to decline to 5% in 2018 after peaking at 17% in 2016


LPG fleet growth forecast

0% 1%

7%

4%

16% 17%

9%

5% 3%

-5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

0

8,000

16,000

24,000

32,000

40,000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2,016 2017e 2018e 2019e

LPG vessel fleet ('000 cbm) y/y growth


LPG shipping

US exports and Asian imports are the key demand drivers

• US LPG exports increased 39% per year from 2012 to 2017

• Firm demand from India and China

• Arbitrage trades resuming


0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

US LPG exports (’000 tons) China/India's LPG imports (’000 tonnes)


LPG shipping

Lower tonnage growth and improving demand prospects

LPG vessel supply and demand growth

• Vessel demand expected to increase 8.5% in 2018 against supply growth of

4.6%

• Industry profitability should gradually improve


7.0%

4.4%

16.0%

17.1%

8.9%

4.6% 3.1%

11.2%

7.9%

17.9%

7.2%

4.6%

8.5% 8.1%

0%

4%

8%

12%

16%

20%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018e 2019e

LPG vessel supply growth LPG vessel demandgrowth


LPG shipping

Outlook improving though varies across sub-segments


• VLGC rates expected to gradually recover as supply challenges wane

• Handysize rates expected to be bogged down by supply and muted

petrochemical trade growth

• Coasters expected to outperform given strong demand supply fundamentals


27%

22%

5%

14%

19%

2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

VLGCs (70k+cbm)

Handysize (12-25k)

Coasters (1-12k)

Orderbook to fleet - Dec 2015 Orderbook to fleet - Dec 2017

16%

12%

1.5%

10%

14%

1%

0%

3%

6%

9%

12%

15%

18%

VLGCs (70k+cbm)

Handysize (12-25k)

Coasters (1-12k)

Fleet growth 2016/17 Fleet growth - 2018

Orderbook has declined sharply since 2015 Fleet growth to moderate in 2018


LPG shipping

Profitability expected to improve

• Industry profitability expected to improve in 2018, albeit but still lower than

2016

• Average industry EBITDA margin expected to rise from 30% in 2017 to 35% in

2018

4.6

4.8

5.0

5.2

5.4

5.6

5.8

2016 2017 2018e

Industry revenue (USD bn)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

2016 2017 2018e

Industry EBITDA margin

Higher rates to expand industry revenues in 2018 Profitability to improve over last year


www.drewry.co.uk

Dry bulk shipping

Container shipping

Crude tankers

Product tankers

LPG shipping

LNG shipping


LNG shipping Deliveries to keep market in balance

Source: Drewry research, Note – Average new orders represents average of new orders between 2010 and 2017

• Highest percentage fleet growth since 2010.

• Fleet growth expected to moderate from 2019.

LNG fleet deliveries and New orders

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018e

2019e

2020e

2021e

Nu

mb

er

of

vessels

Deliveries New orders Average new orders

-2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018e

2019e

2020e

2021e

Nu

mb

er

of

ve

ss

els

LNG fleet y/y% (RHS)

Highest y/y % fleet

growth since 2010

LNG fleet development


• 9% growth in seaborne trade for 2018

• Total seaborne trade to reach 310 million tonnes


LNG shipping Brisk growth in LNG trade expected to continue

Global LNG trade (million tonnes)

-6%

0%

6%

12%

18%

24%

0

100

200

300

400

500

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018e

2019e

2020e

2021e

Mil

lio

n t

on

nes

per

an

nu

m

LNG Trade y/y % (RHS)



LNG shipping Chinese coal to LNG switch to be a key driver

• Government push to switch from coal to LNG

• China expected to become leading importer in five years

China LNG import

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018e 2019e 2020e 2021e 2022e

Mil

lio

n t

on

nes

per

an

nu

m

Chinese LNG import



LNG shipping USA and Australia main drivers of export growth

• 16.8m tonnes of new liquefaction capacity to be added in Australia from the

Ichthys LNG project and Wheatstone LNG projects.

• 17 MT of new liquefaction capacity to be added in the US from Freeport LNG,

Cove Point LNG and Cameron LNG

Global liquefaction capacity

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2017 2018e 2019e 2020e 2021e

mtp

s

Africa Asia & Middle East Europe & Russia LAM & Canada Australia United States


LNG shipping Weak freight rate outlook in the short term, though bullish in the long term

• 2018 spot rates expected to follow a similar profile to 2017

• Spot rates should pickup in 2019 as supply pressures ease


Freight rates

K

20K

40K

60K

80K

100K

120K

140K

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

US

D p

er

day

Short-term rate (1-3 years) Long-term rate (10 year)

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