Global Journal of Medicinal Plant Research

Global Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 3(5) September 2015, Pages: 1-16

AENSI Journals

Global Journal of Medicinal Plant Research

ISSN:2074-0883

Journal home page: http://www.aensiweb.com/GJMPR/

Corresponding Author: Saidi Boubakr, Université Djillali Liabes, Faculté des sciences de la nature et de vie, Laboratoire

de biodiversité végétale: conservation et valorisation Sidi Bel Abbes 22000 Algérie

E-mail: [email protected]

Floristic, Ethnobotanical and Phytotherapy Studies of Medicinal Plants Spontaneous in the Area of Mountains Tessala, Western Algeria Saidi Boubakr, Latrech Ali, Mehdadi Zoheir, Hakemi Zahra, Dadache Mohamed, Ammar Boukeur University Djillali Liabes, Faculty of nature and life, Laboratory of biodiversity vegetale: conservation and enhancement Sidi Bel Abbes

22000 Algeria

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T

Article history:

Received 12 March 2015

Accepted 28 June 2015 Available online 22 July 2015

Keywords: Tessala; spontaneous medicinal

plants; ethnobotanical; therapeutic;

The mountains of Tessala present a very interesting natural vegetation, these formations

contains a rich and diverse flora of economic and ecological interest. For the

preservation and enhancement of the natural heritage, we have done a study of the Tessala Mountains region. This contribution to the objective of studying to identify

spontaneous medicinal plants (taxonomic study) with detailed floristic inventories

(floristic study), we conducted a regional survey of coastal populations and herbalists on traditional use of these plants (ethnobotanical study) as the different therapeutic uses

and diseases treated (therapeutic study). We counted 53 medicinal species of our

floristic richness that estimate of 76 spontaneous species within 49 genus and 25 botanical families. On the floristic plant, we found plenty of Asteraceae and Lamiaceae

compared with other botanical families. Analysis of biological types in the inventory

shows the dominance of Therophytes and Hémicryptophytes than other types that are moderately or weakly represented. Through this study, we offer the following species,

as new species for the Algerian medicinal flora: Aristolochia baetica L, Plantago

albicans L, Salvia argentea L, Lobularia maritime L, Asteriscus maritimus Mill, Centaurea pullata L, Carduus pycnocephalus L.

© 2015 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved.

To Cite This Article: Saidi Boubakr, Latrech Ali, Mehdadi Zoheir, Hakemi Zahra, Dadache Mohamed, Ammar Boukeur., Floristic,

Ethnobotanical and Phytotherapy Studies of Medicinal Plants Spontaneous in the Area of Tessala Mounts, Western Algeria. Adv. in Nat.

Appl. Sci., 3(5): 1-16, 2015

INTRODUCTION

Medicinal plants are still widely used in the world of integers, The estimated number of medicinal species

used is 80% of the world population in traditional medicines, and in the pharmaceutical sector between 53 000

and 72 000 species are being used. This represents 13% to 17% of the 422,000 higher plant species known in the

world (Debaisieux and Polese, 2009).

Whether healers, shamans, wizards or druids, sages of every people studying all the herbs they had on hand

and passed, usually orally, their knowledge to future generations (Jourdain, 1997).

North of Africa, including Algeria, has one of the oldest and richest traditions associated with the use of

medicinal plants, these plants are very important for the inhabitants of the region, especially in rural areas, being

given that, in many places, according to the WHO in 2002. These are the only sources of available drugs,

Algeria, with its thousands of hectares of forest, full of plants condiments and medicinal, These plants are still

unknown and operated in anartisan way (Abdelguerfi and Ramdane, 2003; Reguieg, 2011).

The exploitation and demand for medicinal plants is currently increasing in developed countries and

developing countries for various reasons. The sustainable use of these resources is now questioned and the need

to preserve the flora and control it uses has become imperative. As against the traditional use of medicinal plants

spontaneous in Algeria remains a gap to the WHO in 2003.

The work on medicinal plants, usually devoted to ethnobotanical surveys have a non-exhaustive list of plant

species used in traditional medicine by the population (Kerharo and Bouquet, 1950; Adjanohoun and Aké Assi,

1979; Koné and al, 2002).

The Tessala mountains contain many medicinal plants and spontaneous with its floristic and ecological

diversity, who are threatened and become rare in areas where they were previously abundant. Especially due to

the increase in commercial collections and / or inappropriate (taking roots or rhizomes for some plants),

2 Saidi Boubakr et al, 2015


overgrazing, fires (Bensaid and al, 2006; Saidi and al, 2015), and the lack of rational management If their

collection and their use are not regulated, some species may be threatened with extinction (Lahsissene and

Kahouadji, 2010). It is therefore necessary to take measures to conserve them (Bousta and Ennabili, 2011).

Thus, the collection of wild medicinal plants can pose additional problems from the perspective of overfishing

on a global, regional and / or local and the protection of endangered species (Mehdioui and Kahouadji, 2007),

should also take into account the impact of culture and harvesting of plants on the environment and ecological

processes, and the interests of local communities to the WHO in 2003.

This is why the objective of our work is the conservation of medicinal plants to the levels of Tessala

Mountains (west of Algeria) and to try to fill this gap that we realized a list of medicinal plants that are

economically useful or threatening. This approach provides a strong base for the conservation of biodiversity in

general, and for improving the living conditions of people living in and around areas where these plants are

present. This study with purpose of identifying medicinal plants (taxonomic study), with detailed floristic

inventories (floristic study), we conducted a regional survey of riparian populations and herbalists about the

traditional use of these plants (ethnobotanical study) as the different therapeutic uses and diseases treated

(therapeutic study).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Presentation of study area:

The mountains of Tessala (Figure 1) are limited to the west by the mountains of Berkèche and south by the

plain of SidiBelAbbes; the highest point rises to 1061 m altitude. Jebel Tessala it draws a hilly morphology with

steep slopes accentuated by to marked gully, they are an extension of 4 wilaya "Sidi Bel Abbes, Ain

temouchent, Tlemcen and Oran" (Figure 1). (Pouquet, 1952).

In Tessala common predominant geological formations are marls, clays and soft sandstones of Neogene

marls and marly limestones Paleogene and Cretaceous (DELLAOUI, 1952) .These courses are diverse and each

unit is characterized by topographical formations age and different structure.

- The mountainous area of Tessala is part of the Tell Oran central characterized geologically by thrusting

tablecloths training complex Decreto - Oligocene described by (BOUKLIKHA, 2001). The climate of the region

is almost Tessala the Mediterranean as any West North Algerian characterized by: (B.N.E.D.E.R., 1990).

- The concentration of rainfall during the cold period (fall and winter) Low and irregular rainfall (- 400 mm /

year), Frosts covering a period from December to:

- An apparent drought during the warmer months (summer). Quite a long dry period (late April to mid October),

Strong temperatures in summer and low in winter; February (Ferka-Zazou, 2006).

The aridity index is in the range of 12.01 for the translated region Tessala a semi-arid climate (Bouzidi and

al, 2009).

Fig. 1: Geographical position of the mountains of Tessala (Kikken, 1962), as amended map.



Methodology:

To have a good overview of the diversity of medicinal plants found in the mountains of Tessala, about

thirty phyto-ecological surveys were conducted in ten different stations (Figure 2). Thus, the choice of stations

reflects the physiognomy of vegetation (canopy density, species composition ...) and ecological conditions (soil

texture, topographic position ...). The analysis of this flora has allowed us to bring out a list of medicinal plants

of the region of TessalaMountains.

For the determination of plant species, we used the new flora of Algeria of Quézel and Santa (1962–1963)

and of North Africa of Maire (1952–1987) supplemented as necessary by the guide of the Mediterranean flora

(Bayer and al, 1991), and Algerian different floras (Battandier and Trabut, 1895; Beniston and Beniston, 1984).

Ethnobotanical surveys allowed to list the species used and determine the part of the plant used and its

traditional mode of use. On the therapeutic use, the bibliographic items available (Baba-Aissa, 1991; Baba-

Aissa, 2011; Beloued, 1998; Beloued, 2001; Chemli, 1997; Djerroumi and Nacef, 2013; Debaisieux and Polese,

2009; Sophie, 2005), have been of significant utility.

Fig. 2: Location of the sampling stations at Mountains of Tessala (map prepared by the MapInfo Professional

version 8.0 software) (Saidi, 2015).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

According to the floristic inventory in the mountains of Tessala, we identified 76 species in 30 floristic at

10 different stations, including 53 species of medicinal plants. And with the help of local people in the region,

we did an ethnobotanical study of these medicinal plants, and we have concluded the following results:

Aristolochia baetica L. (Family Aristolochiaceae):

Local vernacular name: Bereztem ; french name: Aristoloche

Botanical description: a creeper, which has a perennial evergreen and is characterized by a long flowering

period, which extends from the winter until spring, heart-shaped flowers, wide and short; perianth by its

brownish purple inside, much bigger.

Therapeutic use: the plant is used as an antipoison and to facilitate childbirth by stimulating contractions of

the uterus. The roots are used for the treatment of palpitation of the aorta, constipation and intestinal disorders.

Hedera helix L. (Family Araliaceae):

Local vernacularname: Alligue; French name: Lierre grimpant

Botanical Description: evergreen shrub, climbing through numerous adventitious roots, dark green leaves,

stalked, lanceolate, greenish flowers in umbels globular; black fruit the size of a pea.

Therapeutic use: mainly external uses, including diseases of the skin, also against respiratory diseases and

boils.



Olea silvestris Mill. (var oleaster) (Family Oleaceae):

Local vernacular name: Zebouj ; French name: Olivier sauvage

Botanical Description: Tree, shrub or more rarely, evergreen, with a thick trunk and a wide top, opposite

leaves, almost sessile, small white flowers in clusters, oval drupes, oleaginous, first green, then black at

maturity.

Therapeutic use: The oleaster is also used against cardiovascular problems, diuretic, antidiabetic, heals the

skin. The infusion of the leaves of the olive tree is used as a gargle against oral diseases. Olive oil is useful

against cough, colds, hoarseness, redness of the skin, high blood pressure and against the flu.

Pinus halepensis Mill. (Family Pinaceae):

Local vernacularname: snawbare, taida ; French name: pin d’Alep

Botanical description: Tree reaching a height of 20 m, with rounded and irregular crown, acicular leaves,

yellow male flowers spirally arranged. Small cones and red females at the time of pollination. Pine apples

hanging ripe, brown scales.

Therapeutic use: Action beneficial to the respiratory tract, urinary tract, antiseptic, stimulates the adrenal

glands (which secrete sex hormones). In decoction, the bark is used to treat essentially burns, wounds and skin

inflammation.

Quercus Ilex L. (Family Fagaceae):

Local vernacularname: Balloute ; French name: Chêne vert.

Botanical Description: Tree medium or high oval to rounded crown; evergreen leathery leaves, annual fruit

hemispheric scales with oval lanceolate, highly variable glans. The generally soft gland is wanted by the natives

that make it a consumer.

Therapeutic use: The leaves are used in infusion to relieve abdominal pain and kidney stones. Poultice,

mixing the powder of the leaves with olive oil is very effective in body treatments, fights urinary disorders of

children (bedwetting).

Rosa canina L. (Family Rosaceae):

Local vernacularname: Nab el Kelb ; French name: Églantier.

Botanical Description: shrub of 2 to 3m tall, glabrous or pubescent, green or glaucous, solitary flowers or

few-flowered umbels, elliptical or globular fruits, quite large flowers.

Therapeutic use: Employee against debility of the digestive tract and stomach cramps, possessing diuretic

properties.

Rosa sempervirens L. (Family Rosaceae):

Local vernacularname: ward labyad ; French name: Rosier toujours vert

Botanical description: Long sarmenteuse plant with slender stems; medium leaves, toothed, stalks highbush,

elongated, ovoid fruits, small.

Therapeutic use: the parts used are the petals, very young shoots. Harvesting is done in the morning, before

some of its principles are to dissipate.

Their main properties are anti-inflammatory (ophthalmia), aromatic, astringent (diarrhea ...), cardiac,

cholesterol lowering agents, sedatives, laxatives (light), vulnerary.

Cupressus sempervirens L. (Family Cupressaceae):

Local vernacularname: bestana ; French name: cyprèsvert

Botanical description: High Tree, glandular leaf on the back, male and female flowers on the same foot

terminal kitten, gray cones opposite scales, thick, woody, evergreen.

Therapeutic use: Treatment of hemorrhoids and varicose veins, its oil is antitussive, antispasmodic,

astringent and anti-rheumatic. The infusion of twigs and leaves is used in the treatment of hemorrhoids, and

urinary incontinence.

Prunus dulcis Mill. (Family Rosaceae):

Local vernacularname: Lawze ; French name: L'amandier

Botanical description: It is a tree with white flowers, it can reach 6 to 12 meters high. It lives on average

more than 100 years and is propagated by seeds or transplants.

Therapeutic use: The whole plant is used as a mild laxative to fight against constipation. Healing and anti-

inflammatory, sweet almond oil helps treat eczema or dry skin and reduces the appearance of stretch marks. It is

also an antifungal agent. The leaves are consumed in teas, allow to soothe coughs.



Ballota hirsute Benth. (Family Lamiaceae):

Local vernacularname: ferrassiyoune, merriouet ; French name: Marrube

Botanical description: Powerful plant leaves ovate or orbicular, serrated, heart-shaped base, heavily veined,

reticulate, woolly-pubescent, green above.

Therapeutic use: It is used as a sedative against disorders of nervous origin. In preparing the infusion at a

rate of 30g/L of water, add a pinch of mint or sage to flavor, take 2 cups per day. Externally, compresses ballote

relieve rheumatic pains. Also enjoy its antispasmodic and sedative properties. Formerly, it was used against

whooping cough and convulsions.

Calycotome spinosa L. (FamilyFabaceae):

Local vernacularname: Guandoule ; French name: Calycotome épineux.

Botanical Description: bushy shrub, petiolate leaves, ovate, usually solitary flowers, hairless pod, black at

maturity.

Therapeutic use: This plant is recommended for external use, against swelling, edema and especially against

urine retention because it's active substances are strong diuretics. The infusion or decoction of the flowers and

the leaves of Calycotomeis diuretic. It can be used as a powder for treating wounds news.

Daphne gnidium L. (Family Thymelaeaceae):

Local vernacularname: Lazaz, init ; French name: Garou

Botanical description: Shrub evergreen, leathery leaves alternate, sessile, flowers in small terminal panicles,

cream-colored, oval drupe, red and black fleshy envelope.

Therapeutic use: mostly it is used as hair detangler. Because it is a poisonous plant is used only for external

use as an oily maceration partner squill against scabies, sores and ringworm, for internal use against it is a

drastic purgative.

Nerium oleander L. (Family Apocynaceae):

Local vernacularname: Defla ; French name: Laurier rose

Botanical description: A shrub with upright stems hairless; leathery leaves, opposite; short-stalked, pink

flowers, large seeds with a tuft of hair.

Therapeutic use: it is used in dermatology (scab, eczema) and for disorders of the intestine.

Pistacia lentiscus L. (Family Anacardiaceae):

Local vernacularname: Darw ; French name: Lentisque

Botanical description: A small tree or shrub, evergreen, alternate leaves, paripinnate inflorescences shaped

ears or panicles, small flowers unisexual, dioecious, first drupe red, then black.

Therapeutic use: antiseptic, astringent, expectorant, detergent, diuretic, haemostatic, stimulant, vulnerary.

This plant is used by locals as an infusion of fresh leaves in boiling water against digestive and gastric disorders.

Externally, it acts as a healing used against colic colon and stomach. For stomach ulcer and varicose veins.

Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Family Apiaceae):

Local vernacularname: besbaça ; French name: Fenouil

Botanical description: Plant stem twigs, leaves pinnatisect with filiform segments, oblong fruit with 4-10

mm.

Therapeutic use: the seeds are warmseeds, helpful against colic, stomach spasms and flatulence. By using

such seeds decoction, 30 g/L of water takes a cup of tea after each meal, and also an infusion of 20 g of

powdered seeds in a quarter of boiling water, let infuse for 10 minutes, sweeten with honey, eat 2 cups during

the day, is used against cough and asthma attacks. External use of the leaves as a poultice applied to the

engorgement of his.

Helianthemum apenninum L. (Family Cistaceae):

Local vernacularname: Roseme; French name: Hélianthème des Apennins, Hélianthème blanc, Herbe à

feuilles de Polium.

Botanical description: Sub-shrub with leaves opposite, short-stalked inflorescence cluster. Therapeutic use:

this herb has significant analgesic activity and anti-inflammatory, anti-Giardia and anti-amoebic, antibacterial,

antifungal and anti-protozoal properties. Hélianthème was used to treat abdominal pain, diarrhea infectious

diseases, stomach pain, parasitic infections, and dysentery.

Lobularia maritima L. (Family Brassicaceae):

Local vernacularname: Benthamii ; French name: Alysson maritime.



Botanical Description: Perennial rower stem, flowers grouped in tight clusters without bract stretching after

flowering.

Therapeutic use: The plant is commonly used as a diuretic and antiscorbutic. It is also highly estimated it as

an astringent in the treatment of gonorrhea.

Marrubium vulgare L. (Family Lamiaceae):

Local vernacularname: Thimarrioute ; French name: Marrubeblanc

Botanical description: Herb stems and undersides of woolly white leaves, whorled inflorescences in

clusters, white flowers.

Therapeutic use: tonic, purgative, stomachic, expectorant, febrifuge, slimming, diuretic, promoting rules

and antiseptic, white horehound is commonly used as a tea to relieve pain in general (abdominal, stomach, teeth,

ears, and menstruation sore head), kidney stones and sunburn. It is considered diuretic, influenza, vulnerary,

anti-diarrheal and antipyretic widely used for the treatment of liver diseases, cellulite and bronchial

ailments.Allergies and care of the gallbladder. Horehound fight pelvic pain and cough.

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Family Lamiaceae):

Local vernacularname: Halhal ; French name: Romarin

Botanical Description: evergreen shrub very dense with a strong aromatic odor, opposite leaves leathery,

brownish green flowers.

Therapeutic use: Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent. Rosemary leaves are used as a

decoction or infusion against gastric disorders, colic and pains of menstruation and back. It is considered

carminative and diuretic, rosemary is used in to calm the stomach colic, as analgesics, bile duct and against the

flu.

Teucrium polium L. (Family Lamiaceae):

Local vernacularname: Jaaida ; French name: Germandréetomenteuse.

Botanical Description: ground floor, in dense clumps, woody at the base. Capilliformes inflorescences,

linear Leaves, strongly revolute grayish green on margins, greyish green calyx, white corolla.

Therapeutic use: Anti-inflammatory, astringent, detergent, antipyretic (malaria), hypoglycemic, bitter tonic.

The plant is used as an infusion against abdominal pain,colic and against the stomach ulcer; it is used against

vomiting, effective also for pinworms.

Thymus ciliates Desf. (Family Lamiaceae):

Local vernacularname: Djertil ; French name: thymcilié

Botanical Description: perennial, Very branched, evergreen leaves, glandular, light green to gray-green,

covered with white eyelashes on both sides.

Therapeutic use: thyme is commonly prescribed in traditional medicine for its antibacterial property,

antiseptic, healing, antibronchique, digestive, tonic and vermifuge, but also used as a mouthwash to treat

halitosis; it enters the preparation of dishes like herb with a reputation to open the appetite.

Salvia officinalis L. (Family Lamiaceae):

Local vernacularname: souaken’bi, salma ; French name: Sauge officinale, grand sauge

Botanical description: tomenteux aromatic Subshrub, almost cylindrical rod, opposite Leaves, terminal

inflorescences with spike-like whorls.

Therapeutic use: It is reported as antiperspirant, antispasmodic, sedative (nervous), carminative, stomachic,

choleretic, hypoglycemic and tonic traditionally infusion of leaves and flowers is used as stomachic,

emmenagogue and fortified Externally, it is very effective for the care of teeth and gums, and also facilitates

digestion, against mouth ulcers and hand sweat.

Ajuga iva L. Schreb. (Family Lamiaceae):

Local vernacularname: Chendghoura ; French name: Ivette musquée

Botanical description: blue flowers. Inflorescences in terminal dense clusters, linear lanceolate leaves,

entire or finely toothed, very hispid, pink or white flowers.

Therapeutic use: Antiseptic and healing (for external use). In infusion, the leaves were used to treat

headaches, abdominal pain and colic as well as diabetes.

Asteriscus maritimus Mill. (Family asteraceae):

Local vernacularname: kerkeba ; French name: Astérisque maritime

Botanical Description: Perennial, whole leaves, lanceolate, cylindrical tubular flowers, Achenes peripheral

flowers.

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Christian_Daniel_von_Schreber



Therapeutic use: antioxidant and antibacterial.

Centaurea pullata L. (Family Asteraceae):

Local vernacularname: Seguia ; French name: Centauré ebordée de noir.

Botanical description: annual, biennial or perennial, usually purplish corolla but sometimes pale yellow or

white. Wholesale Capitol. Alkenes to hilequadrilobé but unequal lobes.

Therapeutic use: mainly used to increase the voltage.

Malva sylvestris L. (Family Malvaceae):

Local vernacularname: khobbeiza ; French name: Mauve

Botanical Description: biennial herbaceous plant with erect stems; orbicular leaves, stalked, large flowers

have wide petals, fruits arranged in disk achenes compounds.

Therapeutic use: the purple is mainly used externally to treat abscesses, boils and swelling and insect bites.

Internally for Softening, antiseptic, astringent. The use of purple in infusion to treat abdominal pain, colic, and

in cases of otitis and asthma. Against constipation, colds, canker sores.

Mentha pulegium L. (Family Lamiaceae):

Local vernacularname: Fliou ; French name: Menthe pouliot.

Botanical Description: Perennial grass very fragrant, sessile or subsessile leaves. Inflorescences in spikes in

heads or dense whorls, leafy, distant.

Therapeutic use: Mint is known as an antispasmodic, laxative, refreshing. It is used against colds and

coughs, effective for stomach.

Paronychia argentina (Purr) Lamk. (FamilyCaryophyllaceae):

Local vernacularname: Tay lard ; French name: Paronyqueargentée.

Botanical Description: perennial plant, thick stem and lying stems, opposite leaves, lanceolate oval. Calyx

hairless, bracts much longer than flowers.

Therapeutic use: Diuretic, appetizer, antipyretic, aphrodisiac, aseptic, treating inflammation of the urinary

tract, kidneys and bladder. The infusion of some leaves in boiling water is recommended in case of kidney

disease, and urinary tract and haemorrhoids is used against the problems of the urinary tract.

Phlomis crinita Cav. (Family Lamiaceae) :

Local vernacularname: khayat ledjrah ; French name: Sauge de Jérusalem

Botanical Description: Perennial plant with thick foliage. It presents a flowers grouped in whorls. It requires

good exposure and a dry and poor soil.

Therapeutic use: khayat ledjrah this expression, which could be translated literally by whoever suture

wounds, probably referring to the healing and detergent properties attributed to the plant by folk medicine.

Ruta chalepensis L. (Family Rutaceae):

Local vernacularname: fidjel ; French name: Rue de Chalep

Botanical Description: A perennial herb with compound leaves, the inflorescence is a bunch of flowers,

each with four or five bright yellow petals with rolled, the fruits is a textured cap which is divided into lobes

pointed.

Therapeutic use: The plant is used as an herbal remedy for a number of diseases, such as fever and

inflammation.

Ruta montana L. (Family Rutaceae):

Local vernacularname: Fidjel ; French name: Ruedes montagnes.

Botanical description: very fragrant plant to glaucous leaves, small flowers 5-6 mm, denticulate petals on

margins

Therapeutic use: analgesic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory (ophthalmic), diuretic emmenagogue,

sedative, sudorific, vermifuge. The infusion of the plant acts as a sedative,and in the treatment of abdominal

pain, gastric and colonic used for treating rheumatism and difficult delivery.

Scolymus hispanicus L. (Family Asteraceae):

Local vernacularname: Asloudje, djerniz ; French name: Scolymed’Espagne, Chardon d'Espagne

Botanical description: very thorny plant that resembles a thistle, deeply incised leaves, pinnatipartite and

decurrent, all flowers ligulate. Clavateachenes 3-5 mm long surmounted by a plume 2-3 bristly.

Therapeutic use: the scolyme ratings may be eaten cooked, such as the cardoon; usually they are mixed with

other vegetables to accompany couscous, Aids digestion, fatigue, burns and sunburn.



Stipa tenacissima L. (Family Poaceae):

Local vernacularname: Halfa ; French name: Alfa

Botanical Description: perennial plant with a stubble, pointed leaves and spiky. narrow and elongated

panicle.

Therapeutic use: In washing, the ash is prescribed in the treatment of chronic ulcers of the scalp. Folk

medicine use as hypoglycemic. The infusion of crushed strands of the Alfa in boiling water is very effective in

treating kidney stones, the Alfa is known as a treatment against the problems of tension.

Plantago albicans L. (Family Plantaginaceae):

Local vernacularname: Herba-fam ; French name: Plantain blanchissant

Botanical Description: Perennial, lance-shaped leaves or lanceolate-linear, often wavy, silky-white spike,

long, slender, oval capsule with 2 oblong seeds.

Therapeutic use: Soothing, astringent, emollient, diuretic and laxative. Associating with bitter apple root for

poultices in the care of wounds, against diarrhea.

Salvia argentea L. (Family Lamiaceae):

Local vernacularname: Frachnda ; French name: La Saugeargentée

Botanical Description: herbaceous, annual or biennial. It forms a rosette of leaves the first year and

flowering the second year. The leaves are covered with a silvery down, very soft, flowers, white, are whorled

along stems.

Therapeutic use: sauge is used since ancient times, it has properties: stimulant, tonic, digestive, antipyretic,

and vulnerary. Used against diarrhea and bloating and night sweats. Prepares with infusion of 10g of dry

powdered leaves in a liter of water, protects the teeth from decay, as a mouthwash.

Silybum marianum Gaertn. (Family Asteraceae):

Local vernacularname: Chouk el Hmire ; French name: Chardon-Marie

Botanical Description: Biennial plant, dark green leaves, shiny. Flower heads solitary, long stalked, black

achenes, shiny, stained gray.

Therapeutic use: known for its proprieties aperitif, tonic, antipyretic and resolvent. It is used against liver

diseases, spleen and constipation.

Asparagus acutifolius L. (Family Liliaceae):

Local vernacularname: Sekoum ; French name: Asperge à feuillesaiguës.

Botanical Description: Perennial, woody, glabrous. Small membranous leaves, spiny, flower bouquets,

black berry 5-8 mm in diameter.

Therapeutic use: aperitif known as a plant, stomachic and diuretic. Also used as at treatment of

cardiovascular diseases.

Asphodelus microcarpus Salzm et Viv (Family Liliaceae):

Local vernacularname: BelouezouBerouag ; French name: Asphodèle

Botanical Description: this plant is perennials, radical leaves, narrow and linear, sharp-pointed. The flowers

are grouped in clusters bloom from bottom to top.

Therapeutic use: this plant is used for the treatment of ear disorders: the bulb is dug and then filled with

olive oil. After heating the oil is administered in drops in ears.The tuber decoction in olive oil serves us drops in

ears against ear infections and earaches.

Convolvulus althaeoides L. (Family Convolvulaceae):

Local vernacularname: khotmakedba ; French name: Liseron de Provence

Botanical description: Stem twining; corrugated sheets to deeply lobed, heart-shaped or arrowhead at the

base. Pinkish red flowers.

Therapeutic use: the Field bindweed is used for its strong laxative and purgative properties of its roots

harvested during the months of July and August. For this purpose is prepared purgative syrup. His infused

leaves have the same laxative properties.

Ammi visnaga L.Lam. (Family Apiaceae):

Local vernacularname: Noukha ; French name: Petit Ammi

Botanical description: Lower leaves simple to pinnate; umbels very fine and spaced at flowering, erect,

rigid, often curved inward to form a sort of nest to fruition.



Therapeutic use: the tea made from the fruit of this species has been used as a herbal remedy for kidney

stones, decoctions of umbels of Nukha are traditionally prescribed for mouth care, sore teeth, diabetes,

palpitations; preparations from the seeds are traditionally prescribed to ease the prostate.

Anacyclus clavatus Desf. (Family Asteraceae):

Local vernacularname: Babounej ; French name: Anacycle en massue

Botanical Description: Annual herb with erect stem, alternate leaves. Flower heads solitary and terminal,

white ray flowers, tubular yellow. Achenes flat, those devices flowers lined membranous wings.

Therapeutic use: this plant is useful for skin and indigestion.

Anagallis monelli L. (Family Primulaceae):

Local vernacularname: Loubayn, hachichet el-âlaq; French name: Mouron de Monel

Botanical Description: herbaceous plant, perennial, alternate leaves, flowers spread, sepals shorter than the

petals.

Therapeutic use: antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities related to their ethno-medical uses. The

chickweed is traditionally used for dermatological purposes for healing properties. In some cases they are also

used for the threat internal infections, though they are known to be toxic at high doses.

Bellis annua L. (Family Asteraceae):

Local vernacularname: beriana, zahreterabiÎ ; French name: Pâquerette annuelle

Botanical Description: Annual plant with leafy stem, erect. Leaves clustered at the base, stalked, solitary

flower heads, terminals, ligulate female flowers, tubular yellow flowers dioecious. Achenes small, oval, hairy

and tablets without egret.

Therapeutic use: the leaves or flowers, combined with other herbs (chicory and dandelion or fumeterre) in

infusion, provide an excellent drink for the liver (bile duct and purifying). Moreover ,decoction is known for its

tonic action. Properties are multiple among them; analgesics, anti-inflammatory (rheumatism ...), astringent,

depurative, detergent, diuretic, expectorant, sudorific, tonic. As against external uses for healing.

Bromus rubens L. (Family Poaceae):

Local vernacularname: Spolete el far ; French name: Brome rouge

Botanical description: It is an annual grass, brome Small waste places and sands is grateful to its dense

panicles becoming very red quickly.

Therapeutic use: the use of the entire plant in decoction for an emollient action, limiting and sedative.

Calendula arvensis L. (Family Asteraceae):

Local vernacularname: boukrourous ; French name: souci des champs

Botanical Description: annual herbaceous plant, stem with leaves oblong lanceolate, quite large flower

heads, solitary, terminating the branches; yellow flowers.

Therapeutic use: the flowers have depurative, emmenagogue, antispasmodic and stimulating. The infusion

at 40 g in one liter of water is helpful in stimulating liver activity and bile secretion. 2 cups a day, morning and

evening to reduce stomach spasms and intestinal juices .the leaves calm vomiting and internal ulcers. 2

tablespoons of juice into a mint tea leaves macerated in vinaigre. The leaves are useful pursuant to erase warts,

calluses and body, and also on fistula, frostbite, skin lesions in general.

Carduus pycnocephalus L. (Family Asteraceae):

Local vernacularname: humrera’s ; French name: Chardon à capitulesdenses

Botanical Description: annual plant, his stems are studded with spines. She believes in rosette.

Therapeutic use: this plant has many therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic activity,

hypotensive activity. His tea is an effective herbal remedy for some disease like headache, sores, diarrhea,

purify the air, and also many medicinal uses such as stomach aches, respiratory problems.

Daucus carota L. (Family Apiaceae):

Local vernacularname: Zrodia ; French name: Carottesauvage.

Botanical Description: biennial plant, with spreading branches, erect. Lower leaves wide ultimates. Long

fruits 2-4 mm, equipped with spines.

Therapeutic use: effective for pinworm in children.

Eruca vesicaria L. (Family Brassicaceae):

Local vernacularname: La roquettesauvage ; French name: Roquette



Botanical description: plant with cut leaves into toothed lobes, petals are pale yellow and veined with

purple. The sepals are dark purple and a little swollen bladder.

Therapeutic use: The leaves are antiscorbutic, diuretic, stimulant and stomachic. The seed is rubefacient and

stimulant. The seed powder has antibacterial activity, the seed oil have an aphrodisiac properties.

Hordeum maritimum Whith. (Family Poaceae):

Local vernacularname: khortane bahri ; French name: Orge maritime, orge commune, orged'hiver

Botanical Description: Annual plant with fibrous roots, stems tufted, flat sheets, short spike.

Local therapeutic use: This grass is deemed nourishing, emollient, refreshing and diuretic. Recommended

for dyspeptic, it also aids digestion ordinary boiled infants and sick, He commanded in the beginning of all acute

diseases as mild herbal tea.

Misopate sorontium L. (Family Plantaginaceae):

Local vernacularname: Rasse el mayate; French name: Muflier des champs, muflier rubicond ou tête-de-

mort

Botanical Description: annual plant with a little rower stem, glabrous, oblong leaves, solitary flowers in the

axils of upper stem leaves, oval glandular capsule.

Therapeutic use: the ancient custom of mixing the juice of these plants to the slurry to make the children

sleep.

Papaver rhoeas L. (Family papaveraceae):

Local vernacularname: Benaemen ; French name: Coquelicot

Botanical Description: Annual plant with pinnate leaves with toothed segments.solitary and terminal

Flowers, spherical capsule

Therapeutic use: antispasmodic, soothing, emollient, pectoral, sedative, slightly hypnotic. Infusion of

flowers is used as a sedative and antitussive, against insomnia, bronchitis and tonsillitis.

Plantago lagopus L. (Family Plantaginaceae) :

Local vernacularname: Courtine ; French name: plantain pied-de-lièvre

Botanical Description: Annual plant, consisting of a radical rosette, radical leaves. Flowers in the axils of

bracts, combined oval and oblong heads.

Therapeutic use: plantain is used to calm the toothache by placing in the ear canal grated plantain root

buffer. The whole plant is used either in the diet or nutrition or in therapy. The young leaves can be eaten in

salads or vegetable.

Raphanus raphanistrum L. (Family Brassicaceae):

Local vernacularname: Fedjlelkhil, Foudjlberri; French name: La Ravenelle, Radis ravenelle ou Radis

sauvage

Botanical Description: Annual, biennial or pérennante, Taproot, toothed leaves, yellow flowers, sometimes

whitish.

Therapeutic use: The method of preparation according to the organ used.Young leaves - raw or cooked, A

Taste a little hot, they are finely chopped and added to salads or used as a vegetable. It is best to use only young

leaves in spring, older leaves soon become bitter. Seeds - raw or cooked. A very spicy flavor, the seed can be

ground into a powder and made into a paste when it is an excellent substitute for mustard. Sprouts have a little

hot spicy flavor and are a tasty addition to salads. First flowers, a nice addition to salads. The flower buds are

used as a substitute of broccoli, they should be lightly steamed for no more than 5 minutes.

The biological type:

Net domination of Therophytes and Hémicryptophyres with 14 species, about 26% of bioligical types in the

floristic inventory (Figure 3). In addition, we recorded a low representation of Geophytes (3 species). Proved by

the strong use of these plants including their bulbs and rhizomes in local medicine, which is also a threat against

these plants, and Nanophanérophytes (5 species) compared to phanerophytes about 17% and chamaephytesabout

15%with 9 and 8 species respectively.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantaginaceae



Fig. 3: Distribution of the number of species by biological type.

The floristic analysis of 76 spontaneousspecies (Annex), reveals 53 medicinal species, We denote an

abundanceof Lamiaceae with 10 species and Asteraceae with 08 species, about 33% of existing families, while

the Rosaceae, the Plantaginaceae, the Brassicaceae and thePoaceaeare only moderately represented with three

species (Figure 4) .Other families like the Liliaceae, the Rutaceae, the Papaveraceae, Primulaceae, the

Convolvulaceae, the Caryophyllaceae, Malvaceae, the Cistaceae, the Anacardiaceae the Apocynaceae, the

Thymelaeaceae, the Fabaceae, Cupressaceae, the Fagaceae, the Pinaceae, the Oleaceae, the Araliaceae, and

Aristolochiaceae are even less present (figure 4).

We also found the majority of families in similar surveys in other parts of the country (Maire, 1952–1987),

that are very poorly representedlike the Apiaceae (Miara and al, 2013).

It is indeed severe ecological, human action and natural disasters that affect our study area (forest, scrub,

garrigue ...) that some families dominate over others in this type of study.

Fig. 4: Distribution of the number of species by family.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Ph Nph Ch H G Th

16.98

9.43

15.09

26.42

5.66

26.42

%

biological type

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Ari

sto

loch

iace

ae

Ara

liace

ae

Ole

acea

e

Pin

acea

e

Faga

ceae

Ro

sace

ae

Cu

pre

ssac

eae

Lam

iace

ae

Fab

acea

e

Thym

elae

acea

e

Ap

ocy

nac

eae

An

acar

dia

ceae

Cis

tace

ae

Ast

erac

eae

Mal

vace

ae

Car

yop

hyl

lace

ae

Ru

tace

ae

Po

acea

e

Pla

nta

gin

acea

e

Lilia

ceae

Co

nvo

lvu

lace

ae

Pri

mu

lace

ae

Ap

iace

ae

Bra

ssic

acea

e

pap

aver

acea

e

family

%



New plants for medicinal flora in Algeria:

Through this study, we offer the following species, as new species for the Algerian medicinal flora:

Aristolochia baetica L. (Family Aristolochiaceae)

Plantago albicans L. (Family Plantaginaceae)

Salvia argentea L. (Family Lamiaceae)

Lobularia maritime L. (Family Brassicaceae)

Asteriscus maritimus Mill., Centaurea pullata L., Carduus pycnocephalus L. (Family asteraceae)

Indeed, these species are not included in the principal works on therapeutic plants in Algeria, including Baba-

Aissa works and those of Beloued (Baba-Aissa, 1991; Baba-Aissa, 2011; Beloued, 1998; Beloued, 2001).

However, further studies should be undertaken in the future, including phytochemicals and pharmacological

aspects of these plants.

Conclusion:

Medicinal species have a comparative advantage over other crops for their adaptation to environmental

conditions, their nutritional value, and resistance to adverse weather conditions. Moreover, their preservation is

important for the protection of local identities, cultural traditions and at the same time, recovery of biodiversity.

It is in this context, that the objective was to achieve a conservatory study of medicinal plants in the Tessala

Mountains.

We counted 53 species of medicinal plant richness, estimated of 76 spontaneous species, within 49 genus

and 25 botanical families. On the floristic plan, we found plenty of Asteraceae and Lamiaceae by contribution of

other botanical family. The analysis of biological types in the inventory shows the dominance of Therophytes

and Hémicryptophytes than other types that are moderately or weakly represented.

The study of traditional medicine and herbal treatment is particularly interesting in Algeria. But Traditional

medicine and especially herbal treatments were well developed in Algeria, but the use of conventional medicine

is causing a shift away from those traditional practices that may be forgotten (Rebbas and al 2013).

The overexploitation of medicinal plants for their therapeutic use is a threat to their existence. In this

context, we propose the cultivation of plants of the flora of this region that have been scientific work and which

are used as human therapeutic in many countries (Bousta and Ennabili, 2011).

In the present time, medicinalsplantes can bring us important solutions to the constraints related to health

especially in developing countries. The promotion of herbal medicine allows us to preserve the knowledge of

our ancestors who tends to disappear (Rebbas and Bounar, 2014; Bousta and Ennabili, 2011).

Indeed, other studies should be conducted in the future on these 53 species, including the phytochemical

and pharmacological aspects of these plants.

REFERENCES

Abdelguerfi, A., M.S.A. Ramdane, 2003. Évaluation des besoins en matière de renforcement des capacités

nécessaires à la conservation et l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité importante pour l’agriculture. Projet

ALG/97/G31. Plan d’action et stratégie nationale sur la biodiversité. Tome XI, p. 230.

Adjanohoun E., et L. Aké Assi, 1979. Contribution aurecensement des plantes médicinales de Côte

d’Ivoire. Centre National de Floristique, Abidjan:359.

Baba-Aissa, F., 2011. Encyclopédie des plantes utiles, El maarifa (Ed), Alger, pp: 471.

Baba-Aissa, F., 1991. Les plantes médicinales en Algérie. In: Bouchéne et Ad Diwan (Co-Ed), Alger, pp:

189.

Battandier, A., L. Trabut, 1895. Flore d’Algérie. Alger (Ed), Alger, pp: 256.

Bayer, E., K.P. Buttler, X. Finkenzeller, J. Garou, 1991. Guide de la flore de méditerranéenne, Delachaux et

Niestlé, S.A.-Paris,d’édition nature, pp: 287.

Beniston, N., W. Beniston, 1984. Fleurs d’Algérie. In ENL (Ed), Algérie, pp: 359.

Bensaid, S., A. Gasmi, I. Benhafied, 2006. Les forêts d’Algérie, de Césarée la romaine à ce jour. Forêt

méditerranéenne, 27: 267-74.

Beloued, A., 1998. Plantes médicinales d’Algérie. In Office de publications (Ed), Alger, pp: 184.

Beloued, A., 2001. Plantes médicinales d’Algérie, office des publication universitaire (Ed), Algérie, pp:

277.

B.N.E.D.E.R., 1990. Etude d’aménagement et de développement des zones de montagne de la wilaya de

Sidi Bel Abbés : perspectives de développement des exploitations agricoles zone nord. Rapport 63 p.

Bousta, D., A. Ennabili, 2011. L’Institut national des plantes médicinales et aromatiques au service du

développement de la phytothérapie au Maroc. Phytothérapie, 9: 297-303.

Bouklikha, M., 2001. Essai d’améliorations édaphiques des sols argileux pour une occupation optimale (cas

du versant sud du Tessala, Sidi Bel Abbés). Mém. Mag. Univ. Djilal Liabes, Sidi Bel Abbés, pp: 79.



Bouzidi, M.A., A. Latrèche, I. Attaoui, Z. Mehdadi, M. Benyahia, 2009. Caractérisation des matorrals et

des garrigues à Urginea pancration Phil. dans le Djebel Tessala (Algérie occidentale).Physio-Géo(Géographie

Physique et Environnement), 3: 131-149.

Chemli, R., 1997. Plantes médicinales et aromatiques de la flore de Tunisie. CIHEAM-Options

Méditerranéennes, 23: 119-25.

Dellaoui, 1952. Géologie des monts de Tessala.

Djerroumi, A., M. Nacef, 2013. 100 plantes médicinales d’Algérie, 2eme édition, Alger.

Francis, D., P. Jean-Marie, 2009. Plantes Médicinales; Secrets et remèdes d’autrefois. Debaisieux (Ed),

Paris,pp: 127.

Ferka-Zazou, N., 2006. Impact de l’occupation spatio-temporelle des espaces sur la conservation de

l’écosystéme forestier: Case de la commune de Tessala, wilaya de sidi Bel Abbes, Algerie.Mémoire

Mag.Univ.Tlemcen, pp: 154.

Jourdain, D., 1997. Dictionnaire des plantes médicinales. In Les Quebecor (Ed). Québec, pp: 195.

Kerharo, J., A. Bouquet, 1950. Plantes médicinales et toxiques de la Côte d’Ivoire-Haute Volta. Vigot

Frères (éd.), Paris, 250.

Kikken, R., 1962. Géologie et stratigraphie des monts de Tessala. Édit. FOUQUET, Oran, 220 p.

Koné, M.W., A.K. Kamanzi, D. Traoré, 2002. Plantes et médecine traditionnelle dans la région de

Ferkessédougou (Côte d’Ivoire). Annales de Botanique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest 2: 13-23.

Lacoste, S., 2005. Les plantes qui guérissent ; Les secrets de la phytothérapie, Repères santé (Ed), Paris, pp:

415.

Lahsissene, H., A. Kahouadji, 2010. Analyse ethnobotanique des plantes médicinales et aromatiques de la

flore marocaine : cas de la région de Zaër. Phytothérapie, 8: 202-9.

Maire, R., 1952-1987. Flore de l’Afrique du Nord (Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie, Tripolitaine, Cyrénaïque et

Sahara). Éditions Le Chevalier, Paris, 16.

Mehdioui, R., A. Kahouadji, 2007. Etude ethnobotanique auprès de la population riveraine de la forêt

d’Amsittène: cas de la Commune d’Imi n’Tlit (Province d’Essaouira). Bulletin de l’Institut Scientifique, Rabat,

section Sciences de la Vie, 29: 11-20.

Miara, M.D., M. Ait Hammou, A.S. Hadjadj, 2013. Phytothérapie et taxonomie des plantes médicinales

spontanées dans la région de Tiaret (Algérie), Revue Phytothérapie, Springer-Verlag France, 11: 206-218.

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, 2002. Stratégie de l’OMS pour la médecine traditionnelle pour 2002-

2005. WHO/EDM/TRM/2002, Genève: 65.

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, 2003. Médicaments essentiels et politique pharmaceutique Groupe

Technologie de la santé et produits pharmaceutiques Siège de l'OMS, Genève, Suisse.

Pouquet, J., 1952. Les Monts du Tessala (Chaînes sud-telliennes d'Oranie), Revue de géographie alpine,

Année 1952, 40(4): 691-694.

Quézel, P., S. Santa, Nouvelle flore de l’Algérie et des régions désertiques méridionales. Centre national de

la recherche scientifique, Paris, 2.

Rebbas, K., R. Bounar, R. Gharzouli, M. Ramdani, Y. Djellouli, D. Alatou, 2012. Plantes d’intérêt

médicinal et écologique dans la région d’Ouanougha (M’Sila, Algérie). Revue Phytothérapie, Springer-Verlag

France, 10: 131-142.

Rebbas, K., R. Bounar, 2014. Etudes floristique et ethnobotanique des plantes médicinales de la région de

M’Sila (Algérie), Revue Phytothérapie, Springer-Verlag France, DOI 10.1007/s10298-014-0872-4.

Reguieg, L., 2011. Using medicinal plants in Algeria. Am. J. Food Nutr., 1(3): 126-7.

Saidi, B., A. Latreche, M.M. Dif, Z. Hakmi, 2015. Impacts of fires on Tessala mountain dynamic vegetation

from 2002 to 2012. of biodiversity science and management, 4(3): 13-16.

ANNEX

Table 01: List of species recorded.

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10

R

1

R

2

R

3

R

1

R

2

R

3

R

1

R

2

R

3

R

1

R

2

R

3

R

1

R

2

R

3

R

1

R

2

R

3

R

1

R

2

R

3

R

1

R

2

R

3

R

1

R

2

R

3

R

1

R

2

R

3

Acacia nilotic

a L.

- + -

Ajuga iva - - + + + -

Ammi

visnaga

+ - - + - + + + - + - + + - -

Anacyclus

clavatus

Desf.

+ + -

Anagallis

monelli L.

+ + - + + + + + -

Aristolochia

baetica

+ + - + + +

Asparagus

acutifolius L.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + -

Asphodelus

microcarpus

+ + + - + + + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + - + - -



Salzm et Viv

Asteriscus

maritimus

+ + -

Avena sp. + - -

Ballota

hirsuta Benth

+ - + + - - + + - - - + + + + + + - - + + + + -

Bellis annua

L.

+ + - + - +

Bromus

rubens L.

+ + -

Bromus sp. + - +

Calendula

arvensis L.

+ + + + + + + + +

Calycotome

spinosa L.

+ + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Carduus

pycnocephalu

s L.

- + + - + - + + - - + -

Centaurea

pullata L.

+ + -

Chamaerops

humilis L.

+ + + + + + + - + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Cistus

salvifolius L.

+ - - + + -

Convolvulus

althaeoides

L.

+ + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Cupressus

sempervirens

L.

- - +

Daphne

gnidiumL

+ - + + - + + + - + + - + + + + + - + + - + - - + + - + + -

Daucus

carotaL.

+ + - + + +

Eruca

vesicaria L.

+ + -

Eryngium sp. + + +

Foeniculum

vulgare Mill.

+ - - + - -

Fumana

thymifolia

- + -

Hedera helix

L.

+ + +

Helianthemu

m appeninum

L.

+ - -

Hordeum

maritimum

Whith.

+ + +

Iris sp. + + -

Lobularia

maritima L.

+ + - + + - + + + + - + + + +

Malva

sylvestris L.

+ - - + + - + - -

Marrubium

vulgare L.

+ + + - + + - + + + - +

Mentha

pulegium

- + -

Misopates

orontium

+ + -

Narcissus sp. - - +

Nerium

oleander.

+ - -

Olea europea + + - + + - - + - + + - + + - + - - + + - + + +

Ornithogalu

m

umbellatum

L.

+ - - + - - + + + + + +

Papaver

rhoeasL.

- - + - + + - + + + - - - + +

Paronychia

argentina

(Purr) Lamk

+ + + + - -

Phlomis

crinita Cav.

+ - - + - -

Pinus

halepensis

Mill.

+ + + + - + + + + + + + + + +

Pistacia

lentiscus L.

+ - -

Plantago

albicans L.

+ - + - + + + - + + - +

Plantago

lagopus L.

+ + - + + + + + - + - -

Prunus dulcis - + -

Quercus

coccifera

+ + +

Quercus Ilex + - - + + + + + +

Ranunculus

arvensis L.

+ - - + - - + + - - + + - + + - + +

Raphanus

raphanistrum

L.

- + +

Reseda alba

L.

+ + + + + + + + + + + - + + - + + -

Rosa canina

L.

- - + - - +



Rosa

sempervirens

- - +

Rosmarinus

officinalis

+ - -

Rubia sp + + +

Rumex

bucephaloph

orus L.

+ - - + + +

Ruta

chalepensis

L.

+ + + + + + + + -

Ruta montana + + + + + + + + + + - + + + - + - +

Salvia

argentea L.

+ - -

Salvia

officinalis

+ + -

Scolymus

hispanicus L,

+ + -

Scolymus sp. + + -

Silene

colorata

Poiret

+ - -

Silybum

marianum L.

+ + + + + - + - + + + + + + +

Sinapis

arvensis L.

+ + +

Sisymbrium

officinale L.

+ + + + - + + - + + - +

Stipa

tenacissima

+ - - + + + + + -

Teucrium

polium L.

+ + - - + +

Thymus

ciliatus Desf.

- + + + + - + - -

Thymus

ciliatus ssp

coloratus L.

- - + + + +

Torilis

nodosa L.

- + +

Trifolium

stellatum

+ + + + + - + + -

Urginea

maritima L.

+ + + + - + + - + + + - + + + + + +

Table 02: The biological type of different plant species of Tessala Mountains.

Phanérophytes Nanophanérophytes Chaméphytes Hémicryptophytes Geophytes Thérophytes

-Aristolochia baetica

-Hedera helix L. -Olea europea

-Pinus halepensis

Mill. -Quercus Ilex

-Rosa canina L.

-Rosa sempervirens -Cupressus

sempervirens L.

- Prunus dulcis

-Ballota hirsuta Benth

-Calycotome spinosa

L. -Daphne gnidiumL

-Nerium oleander.

-Pistacia lentiscus L.

-Foeniculum

vulgare Mill. -Helianthemum

appeninum L.

-Lobularia maritima L.

-Marrubium

vulgare L. -Rosmarinus

officinalis

-Teucrium polium L.

-Thymus

ciliatus Desf. -

-Salvia officinalis

-

-Ajuga iva

-Asteriscus

maritimus -Centaurea pullata L.

-Malva sylvestris L.

-Mentha sp. -Paronychia

argentina (Purr)

Lamk -Ruta chalepensis L.

-Ruta montana

-Scolymus hispanicus L.

-

- Stipa tenacissima -Plantago albicans

L. - -Salvia argentea L.

-Silybum marianum

L. - Phlomis crinita

-Asparagus

acutifolius L.

-Asphodelus microcarpus

Salzm et Viv

-Convolvulus althaeoides L.

-

-Ammi visnaga

-Anacyclus clavatus

Desf. -

-Anagallis monelli

L. -

-Bellis annua L.

-Bromus rubens L. -

-Calendula arvensis

L. -Carduus pycnocephalus L.

-Daucus carotaL.

-Eruca vesicaria L. -Hordeum

maritimum Whith. -Misopates

orontium

-Papaver rhoeasL. -Plantago lagopus

L.

-Raphanus raphanistrum L.

Table 03: Distribution of the number of species by biological type.

Biological Types Nomber %

Ph 9 16,98

Nph 5 9,43

Ch 8 15,09

H 14 26,42

G 3 5,66

Th 14 26,42

total 53 100

Table 04: Distrubition of the number of species by family.

Family Nomber %

Aristolochiaceae 1 1,89



Araliaceae 1 1,89

Oléaceae 1 1,89

Pinaceae 1 1,89

Fagaceae 1 1,89

Rosaceae 3 5,65

Cupressaceae 1 1,89

Lamiaceae 10 18,87

Fabaceae 1 1,89

Thymelaeaceae 1 1,89

Apocynaceae 1 1,89

Anacardiaceae 1 1,89

Apiaceae 3 5,65

Cistaceae 1 1,89

Astéraceae 8 15,09

Malvaceae 1 1,89

Caryophyllaceae 1 1,89

Rutaceae 2 3,77

Poaceae 3 5,65

Plantaginaceae 3 5,65

Liliaceae 2 3,77

Convolvulaceae 1 1,89

Primulaceae 1 1,89

Brassicaceae 3 5,65

Papavéraceae 1 1,89

Total 53 100

Global Journal of Medicinal Plant Research

Documents

Transcript of Global Journal of Medicinal Plant Research