Global Impact of Industrialization

Global Impact of Industrialization

• Global Impact of Industrialization • Moved through Europe and to the US (West)• More demand for products motivated colonization to gain raw

materials

IMPERIALISM

Global Impact of Industrialization

• Global Impact of Industrialization (cont.) • Global Inequality

• Industrialized WEST vs. “ALL THE REST”• Great economic and military inequalities

• Transformation of Society• Great economic power of EUROPE• More wealth overall• Better opportunities for education and democracy

ImperialismIN WHAT WAYS DO YOU BELIEVE IMPERIALISM CONNECTS TO INDUSTRIALIZATION?

The Age of Imperialism

• The building of empires is an old story in world history as campaigns to conquer foreign lands has existed since the beginning of recorded time.

• After the Crimean War, many western Europeans began to speak of imperialism (a term coined in the 1850’s) as a necessary, justifiable, and legitimate outgrowth of the Industrial Revolution.

The Age of ImperialismImperialism is a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force, or other means.

The Age of Imperialism• European industrialization, supplemented by

the growing industrial power of the United States, would inevitably transform the world economy.

• European merchants ventured forth from the industrial nations, seeking new markets and raw materials from all over the world.

The Age of Imperialism

• Pressure to participate in world commerce increased everywhere.

• Previously isolated economies, like China and Japan, now had to interact with the West.

The Age of Imperialism

• The West’s manufacturing capacity was revolutionized—creating pressure to expand markets for all the output.

The Age of Imperialism

• Industrialization also prompted the West to acquire new colonies, particularly in Africa and Asia, and to intensify its colonial control of places like India.

The Age of Imperialism• The links in the world

economy were constantly expanded because of the Industrial Revolution.

• New, speedier shipping made the crossing of oceans a matter of days, not months.

The Age of Imperialism

• Railroads reached into the interior of continents, moved people, and transported raw materials and finished products.

The Age of Imperialism

• There was more rapid communication as the telegraph, and later telephone, transmitted an unprecedented amount of information around the globe.

The Age of Imperialism

• The need for slaves/slave labor was no longer necessary. The trans-Atlantic slave trade was abolished between 1807-1834, mainly on British initiative.

The Age of Imperialism

• Cheap labor was easily found as millions migrated from the countryside to urban areas to fill factory jobs.

The Age of Imperialism• Non-industrial countries exported food and raw

materials. • Europe’s urbanization and growing wealth

increased the market for staples like wheat and beef, and specialty products like sugar, cocoa, tobacco, tea, coffee, and cotton.

The Age of Imperialism

• Western transportation and recreational requirements opened a wide market for rubber, which could only be produced in tropical areas.

The Age of Imperialism

• Because Europe could produce more and better goods more cheaply than anyone else following the IR, there was major competitive pressure on many countries to keep up or be swallowed by the West (and most were swallowed).

The Age of Imperialism• Because of the IR, Western military superiority was absolute—the West forced its way into areas where it had previously been kept out, especially sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.

• Western powers could go wherever they wanted because they had iron steamships and better weapons and others did not.

The Age of Imperialism• The English poet Hilaire Belloc summed up

this situation aptly when he wrote:"Whatever happens we have got,the Maxim gun, and they have not".

Imagine for a moment…That you are at home engaged in one of your favorite activities;

playing a game, listening to music, or reading. So far the day is as any other. Then all of the sudden a group of individuals arrive at your front door demanding that you stop what ever you are doing. These individuals tell you that your way of life is wrong. They inform you however that they have come to your house to correct your way of life. They say it is their responsibility to change your way of living for the better. You find out that this has happened not only to you but your neighbors as well. Over time your way of life does change. These individuals, who you do not even know, have changed your government, religion, and other cultural practices, and remember these individuals told you this was for your own good. What is your reaction?

Let’s refresh our memories…

• What is a colony? Example…

• What is nationalism? Example…

• What occurred during industrialization?

These are all components that will materialize in our discussions of Imperialism…

Nationalism

• What is nationalism?• develops in an area that has common customs,

language, and history• the loyalty of a people to their values, traditions, and

geography

• Viewed an empire as a measure of national greatness

• “All great nations in their fullness of their strength have desired to set their mark upon barbarian lands”

How does nationalism cause imperialism?• People viewed an empire as a measure of national greatness • “All great nations in their fullness of their strength have desired to set

their mark upon barbarian lands”

Forms of ImperialismForms of Imperialism Characteristics Example

Colony A country of region governed internally by a foreign power

Somaliland in East Africa was a French colony

Protectorate A country or territory with its own internal government but

under the control of an outside power

Britain established a protectorate over the Niger

River delta

Sphere of Influence An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment of trading

privileges

Liberia was under the sphere of influence of the United

States

Economic Imperialism Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests

rather than by other governments

The Dole Fruit company controlled pineapple trade in

Hawaii

Forms of ImperialismIndirect Control Direct Control

Local government officials were usedLimited self-rule

Goal: to develop future leadersGovernment institutions are based on European styles but many have local

rules

Foreign officials brought in to ruleNo self-rule

Goal: assimilationGovernment institutions are based

only on European styles

Examples: British colonies such as Nigeria, India,

BurmaU.S. colonies on Pacific Islands

Examples: French colonies such as Somaliland,

VietnamGerman colonies such as TanganyikaPortuguese colonies such as Angola

Industrialization Imperialism

• INDUSTRIALISM STIRRED AMBITIONS IN MANY EUROPEAN NATIONS. THEY WANTED MORE RESOURCES TO FUEL THEIR

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION. THEY COMPETED FOR NEW MARKETS FOR THEIR GOODS. THEY LOOKED TO AFRICA AND ASIA AS

SOURCES OF THE RAW MATERIALS AND MARKETS FOR CLOTH, PLOWS, GUNS, AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.

Imperialism

• Imperialism Defined (again, so you don’t forget-this time with fancy colours)• The conquering of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the

intent of dominating it politically, economically, socially and culturally• Central-core of empire is a nation-state

• Ex. Great Britain, France, United States• Politically?• Economically?• Socially?• Culturally?

“The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire”

Imperialism• British Imperialism

• British dominated 19th century imperialism

• Reached it’s height under Queen Victoria

• Jump start due to early industrialization• Originally about economics PRIDE• Glorified imperialism in stories,

newspapers, poetry• Ex. Kipling’s White Man’s Burden• Major Rivals:

• France• Germany• Belgium

Imperialists’ Perspective• Cecil Rhodes, shown

standing astride of Africa, in a cartoon from Punch magazine; Rhodes had built the trans-Africa railway, and is the man after whom the nation of Rhodesia was named (now Zimbabwe). The cartoon is a play on the old Colossus of Rhodes, which was one of the “Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.”)“We [the British] happen to be the best in the world, with the highest ideals

of dependency and justice and liberty and peace, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for humanity.”

Imperialism: Perspective“Our whole existence has been controlled by

people with an alien attitude to life, people with different customs and beliefs. They have determined the form of government, the types of economic activity, and the schooling which our children have…A man who tries to control the life of another does not destroy the other any less because he does it, as he thinks, for the other’s benefit. It is the principle which is wrong, the principle of one man governing another without his consent.”

-Julius Nyerere of Tanzania

Mercantilism (Old Imperialism)

Mercantilism (Old Imperialism)

What is new imperialism?