Gkn Project 2

7/17/2019 Gkn Project 2

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CHAPTER-1

COMPANY PROFILE

GKN Driveline India LTD traces its origin back to 1986 when Invel Transmissions Ltd, as it

was then known, was established Three !ears later the com"an! became the #irst in India to

man$#act$re side sha#ts #or #ront wheel drive vehicles when it was selected sole %&' s$""lier

#or (ar$ti )$*$ki + at that time the onl! #ront wheel drive car man$#act$rer o# the co$ntr!

Later known as GKN Drive sha#ts India- Ltd, the o"eration became a owned s$bsidiar! o#

GKN Driveline in .//. and is toda! the side sha#t market leader in India with an installed

ca"acit! to man$#act$re over one million $nits hal# a million vehicle sets- a !ear )ales in

.//0 stood at more than .0 million "o$nd

The com"an!s growth in the 199/s was strongl! linked with its s$""l! o# side sha#ts #or the

Government o# Indias 2oint vent$re with 'a"anese car maker )$*$ki (otor %or"oration to

make #ront wheel drive cars 3eginning with the )$*$ki (ar$ti 8//cc model in 1989,

"rod$ction ra"idl! e4"anded and GKN c$rrentl! s$""lies all #ront wheel drive cars #or thecom"an! 8//cc, 5en, agon7 G!"s!, steem, 3aleno and )wi#t-

D$ring the late 9/s GKN Driveline India began s$""l!ing "rod$ct #or other ma2or c$stomers

In 1996 it was selected sole s$""lier to :iat ;no, )iena and !$ndai (otors )antro , ?ccent, )onata and Get*- and began working with Tata (otors

Indica -, one o# the largest b$siness ho$se in India In ./// >onda %it!- and General

(otors %orsa- were added to the c$stomer base

1.1 VISION & VALUES

T>I) I) GKN

1


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Technolog! and engineering #rom GKN is at the heart o# the vehicles and aircra#t "rod$ced

b! the worlds leading a$tomotive and aeros"ace man$#act$rers

(ore than @/,/// "eo"les work in GKN com"anies and 2oint vent$res in more than 0A

co$ntries ver!da! we harness o$r considerable technolog! and man$#act$ring reso$rces to

s$""l! the highest B$alit! s!stems, str$ct$res, com"onents and services

hen we #$l#ill the tr$st o# o$r c$stomers "lace in $s then we can enrich o$r )hareholders

reward o$r "eo"le and s$""ort o$r comm$nities

?nd beca$se we res"ect the environment and the dignit! and h$man rights o# others we are

b$ilding a b$siness, which can be s$stained b! #$t$re generations

ver!one involved with a great com"an! sho$ld e4"ect nothing less 3$t those with a )take in

the "er#ormance o# GKN sho$ld e4"ect more

.1stcent$r! global leadershi" in o$r #o$r ma2or b$sinesses, when o$r

>istor! s"ans more than .@/ !ears, s"eaks #or standards o# agilit!, innovation and e4cellence,

which wo$ld be di##ic$lt to s$r"ass

%$stomer and B$alit!

To "rovide e4cellent and contin$o$sl! im"roving "rod$cts and services to e4ceed o$r

c$stomers e4"ectations

To be the best in class in terms o# val$e thro$gh B$alit!, technolog!, s"eed, "er#ormance and

innovation

To treat o$r s$""liers #airl! as an integral "art o# o$r total ca"abilit! to serve o$r c$stomers

1.2 Enterprise an Inn!"ati!n

To #oster the s"irit o# enter"rise

To grow "ro#itabilit! b! managing risk, being innovative and $sing initiative

To move with s"eed in o$r b$siness "rocesses

To ins"ire o$tstanding "er#ormance #rom teams and individ$als and to recogni*e and

a""ro"riatel! reward achievement

To enco$rage em"lo!ees to #$l#ill the "otential #or the bene#it o# both themselves and the

organi*ation

To #oster teamwork and individ$al achievement within a c$lt$re o# em"owerment and

acco$ntabilit!

.


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To share knowledge and best "ractice across o$r com"anies to stim$late the creation o#

new b$siness o""ort$nities

To "rovide eB$al o""ort$nit! irres"ective o# se4, se4$al orientation, disabilit!, eligion

or ethnic origin

To "rovide a sa#e environment

1.# C!$$%nit' en"ir!n$ent an (%siness et)i*s

To act with integrit! at all times

To meet standards o# good cor"orate governance

To "la! o$r "art in sa#eg$arding the environment

To contrib$te "ositivel! to the comm$nities in which we o"erate

1.+ PLANT

IN INDI? T> ? T> I%> ? LC%?TD ?T

DI::NT )IT) IN T> %C;NT

:?ID?3?D ?;>?


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This "lant is set7$" in1Eth 'an$ar! 199A This "lant acB$ired a area abo$t 68,///)Bm

The b$ilt $" area is abo$t E,@//)BmIt is A@ km awa! #rom the national ca"ital There are

over 1@/ em"lo!ees at the "lant which has res"onsibilit! #or side sha#t assembl! and

delivers to c$stomers (ar$ti )$*$ki, Tata (otors, >onda, General (otors and :iat

In this "lant GI 2oints are man$#act$red (ost o# the assemblies like bell, tri"od, "ot, and

sha#ts are done here

1.0 ORAAAM PLANT


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:ig 1. GDIF :aridabad


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%ommenced o"eration on 1Eth'an$ar!, 199A

Land ?rea 68,8//sBm 3$ilt7$" E,@//sBm-

(an"ower 1@/

Fi3. 1.+ GDIF Cragadam


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GKN DI&)>?:T) INDI?- LTD #ormerl! known as GKN IN&L

T?N)(I))ICN LTD was #ormed in the !ear 1986 was "romoted in 1988 b! GKN "lc

and started commercial "rod$ction in ?"ril 1989

In November 199@ Invel became a s$bsidiar! com"an! o# GKN+?DD ?$tomotiveDriveline Division- who, with #acilities all over the world, #$l#ills a large "ro"ortion o#

the worlds demand #or %& 2oints

The com"an! man$#act$res drive sha#ts assemblies made o# constant velocit! %&- 2oints

#or #ront wheel drive and #o$r wheel drive vehicles, mainl! "assenger cars

The so"histicated high "recision GKN technolog! reB$ired b! ball and tri"od 2oint is

s$""orted b! some o# the latest man$#act$ring and testing eB$i"ment to ens$re the

highest level o# acc$rac! in ever! 2oint coming o## the assembl! line #rom com"letel!

integrated "rod$ction #acilities

The :aridabad "lant has #$ll range o# #acilities $sed #or the man$#act$ring o# bell

assembl!, Inner race and D)? This incl$des heat treatment and a testing #acilit!

available #or the validation o# the "rod$ct #rom all o# the other #acilities

The Dhar$hera "lant has #acilities #or the man$#act$ring o# %onnecting Drivesha#t,

Tri"od, T$li" and com"lete assembl! o# %& 2oints with the e4ce"tion o# the tent ho$se

and heat treatment

The G$mmidi"$ndi "lant assembl! #acilit! is e##ectivel! an additional assembl! cell o#

Dhar$hera, assembling "rod$ct and shi""ing com"lete drivesha#t to local c$stomers

?ll the three "lants are 1)C9//.= )9/// H I)C1E//1 %erti#ied The com"an! is tr!ing

to get T)169E9 %erti#ication

The com"an! has got over A/ markets in the %& 'oints in India H over E@

worldwide

1.6 5N PLC

A


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GKN "lc is an international gro$" o# com"anies with a t$rnover o# aro$nd E0 billion

"o$nds The gro$" designs, develo"s and man$#act$res a$tomotive com"onents as well

aeros"ace and de#ense "rod$cts The gro$" "rovides a range o# ind$strial services

GKNs o"erations are located in more than 0/ co$ntries aro$nd the world and the gro$"

em"lo!s aro$nd 06,/// "eo"le

The a$tomotive and agric$lt$ral "rod$cts b$siness area is the largest within the

gro$" acco$nting #or over 6/ o# total t$rnover Ind$strial services and aeros"ace and

s"ecial vehicles each generate a""ro4imatel! ./ o# the gro$"s total t$rnover

The name GKN is derived #rom G$est, Keen and Nettle#olds Its histor! dates back

to 1A@9 )tarting in iron making and coal mining, the gro$" "rogressed into steel and its

man! derivatives, serving the railwa!s, b$ilding and constr$ction, a$tomotive and other

ma2or ind$stries ?ltho$gh once world renowned steel maker and "rod$cer o# screws and

#asteners, the gro$" has been thro$gh man! changes over the last .@ !ears in res"onse to

#$ndamental shi#ts in these traditional markets

1.17 5N RIVELINE

GKN is a leading global s$""lier to the worlds a$tomotive, o## highwa! and aeros"ace

man$#act$rers GKN "rovides technolog!7based, highl! engineered "rod$cts to virt$all!

all o# the worldJs ma2or man$#act$rers o# light vehicles, agric$lt$ral and constr$ction

eB$i"ment, aircra#t and aero engines ?lmost 08,/// "eo"le work in GKN com"anies and2oint vent$res in more than 0/ co$ntries

GKN is a m$ltinationalengineering com"an! headB$artered in ed ditch, ;nited

Kingdom The com"an! was #ormerl! known as G$est, Keen and Nettle #olds and can

trace its origins back to 1A@9 and the birth o# the ind$strial revol$tion In .//9 the

com"an! celebrated its .@/th anniversar!

GKN Driveline India LTD traces its origin back to 1986 when Invel Transmissions Ltd,

as it was then known, was established Three !ears later the com"an! became the #irst in

India to man$#act$re side sha#ts #or #ront wheel drive vehicles when it was selected sole

%&' s$""lier #or (ar$ti )$*$ki + at that time the onl! #ront wheel drive car man$#act$rer

o# the co$ntr!

8
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redditchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redditchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_corporation


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Later known as GKN Drivesha#t India- Ltd, the o"eration became a owned s$bsidiar! o#

GKN Driveline in .//. and is toda! the sidesha#t market leader in India with an installed

ca"acit! to man$#act$re over one million $nits hal# a million vehicle sets- a !ear )ales

in .//0 stood at more than .0 million "o$nd

The com"an!s growth in the 199/s was strongl! linked with its s$""l! o# sidesha#ts #or

the Government o# Indias 2oint vent$re with 'a"anese car maker )$*$ki (otor

%or"oration to make #ront wheel drive cars 3eginning with the )$*$ki (ar$ti 8//cc

model in 1989, "rod$ction ra"idl! e4"anded and GKN c$rrentl! s$""lies all #ront wheel

drive cars #or the com"an! 8//cc, 5en, agon7 G!"s!, steem, 3aleno and )wi#t-

D$ring the late 9/s GKN Driveline India began s$""l!ing "rod$ct #or other ma2or

c$stomers In 1996 it was selected sole s$""lier to :iat ;no, )iena and !$ndai (otors )antro, ?ccent, )onata and Get*- and began working with

Tata (otors Indica-, one o# the largest b$siness ho$se in India In ./// >onda %it!-

and General (otors %orsa- were added to the c$stomer base

CHAPTER-2

9


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5N RIVELINE PROUCTS

2.1 Pr!%*ts

GKN Driveline is the world leader in the design and "rod$ction o# driveline com"onents


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.. )ol$tion :inder

GKN Driveline has a wide range o# "rod$cts across the vehicle driveline to meet most

vehicle con#ig$rations

ith torB$e "rod$cts #or ever! a4le, #ront and rear sidesha#ts and "ro"sha#ts #rom one

"iece to three "ieces 7 we are s$re to have a sol$tion #or !o$

)elect the vehicle con#ig$ration !o$ need #rom the list below to see what sol$tions GKN

Driveline can o##erF

.0 igh )"eed :i4ed %onstant &elocit! 'oints %&'-

>igh )"eed


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o"timi*ed #or weight, noise, vibration, harshness N&>-, steering and s$s"ension

"er#ormance

GKN Driveline has a $niB$e range o# %&' sidesha#t con#ig$rations to meet the needs o#

all t!"es o# vehicle

)idesha#t %& 'oints

Interconnecting )ha#ts and 3oots

%on#ig$ration 4am"les

2., Sies)a8t

? sidesha#t is a s!stem that trans#ers torB$e #rom a di##erential to the driven wheels

allowing wheel movement d$e to steering or s$s"ension movement This s!stem has

three ma2or elementsF

Inboard %onstant &elocit! 'oint %&'-

Interconnecting sha#t

C$tboard %onstant &elocit! 'oint %&'-

In most a""lications, the inboard %& 'oint is a "l$nge 2oint that allows the e##ective

length o# the sidesha#t to change d$e to s$s"ension travel In #ront or steer- a4le

a""lications, the o$tboard 2oint m$st trans#er torB$e e##ectivel! thro$gh a wide angle $"

to @. degrees- In rear a4le a""lications, 2oint o"erating angles are m$ch lower

2./eare P!9er Trans$issi!n Pr!%*ts

GKN Drivelines range o# "ower transmission "rod$cts ens$re that driving torB$e is

constantl! transmitted to driving wheels at ma4im$m e##icienc!, to "rovide $ns$r"assed

levels o# res"onsiveness and reliabilit!

1.
http://www.gkndriveline.com/drivelinecms/opencms/en/products/cvj-sideshafts/sideshaft-cv-joints/http://www.gkndriveline.com/drivelinecms/opencms/en/products/cvj-sideshafts/interconnecting-shafts/http://www.gkndriveline.com/drivelinecms/opencms/en/products/cvj-sideshafts/configurations.htmlhttp://www.gkndriveline.com/drivelinecms/opencms/en/products/cvj-sideshafts/sideshaft-cv-joints/http://www.gkndriveline.com/drivelinecms/opencms/en/products/cvj-sideshafts/interconnecting-shafts/http://www.gkndriveline.com/drivelinecms/opencms/en/products/cvj-sideshafts/configurations.html


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The range o# geared "rod$cts incl$des #inal drive $nits, which trans#er torB$e #rom

"ro"sha#t to wheels in rear7 and all7wheel drive ?D- vehicles, and "ower trans#er

$nits, which distrib$te torB$e between #ront and rear a4les in ?D con#ig$rations


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2./ P!9er Trans8er Unit

:ig.1 P!9er Trans8er Unit

GKN Drivelines rob$st and versatile


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%om"act designs

;sed in #ront7wheel drive based vehicles with transverse engine mo$nt

?vailable in "art7time, #$ll7time and on7demand ?D con#ig$rations

?vailable installation o# vario$s di##erential or co$"ling

2.4 Fina: ri"e Unit

:ig .. :inal Drive ;nit

GKN Drivelines "roven and reliable :inal Drive ;nits :D;- #or #ront and rear

inde"endent a4le a""lications, o##er rob$st "er#ormance and versatilit! #or all7

wheel7drive and real7wheel7drive drivelines

2.6 i88erentia:s

1@


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:ig .0 Di##erentials

GKN Driveline o##ers a wide range o# o"en bevel gear di##erentials #or $se in "assenger

cars, s"ort $tilit! vehicles );&s- and light tr$ck transmissions o# #inal drive $nits

Design :eat$res

?vailable in eight si*es ranging #rom 0/// to .//// Nm di##erential in"$t torB$e

?vailable in both .7"inion and E7"inion design

3evel gears are either c$t or cold #ormed

%om"act and cost com"etitive designs

2.17 SUPPLIER NET;OR5

%om"an! has 1A local direct material s$""liers, .1 overseas direct material s$""liers, 1@

local s$b contractors H over 0// s$""liers #or In7direct materials In indirect material

s$""liers there are .08 local s$""liers, E. technical service "roviders H 19 general

service "roviders

3$dget #or direct material is made ever! !ear based on the c$stomer #orecast H based on

the b$dget #or direct material


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2.12 ri"e Line S)a8t

? ri"e s)a8t, ri"es)a8t, ri"in3 s)a8t, pr!pe::er s)a8tpr!p s)a8t-, or Caran

s)a8t is a mechanical com"onent #or transmittingtorB$eand rotation, $s$all! $sed to

connect other com"onents o# a drive trainthat cannot be connected directl! beca$se o#

distance or the need to allow #or relative movement between them

?s torB$e carriers, drive sha#ts are s$b2ect to torsionand shear stress, eB$ivalent to the

di##erence between the in"$t torB$e and the load The! m$st there#ore be strong eno$gh

to bear the stress, whilst avoiding too m$ch additional weight as that wo$ld in t$rn

increase their inertia

To allow #or variations in the alignment and distance between the driving and driven

com"onents, drive sha#ts #reB$entl! incor"orate one or more $niversal 2oints,2aw

co$"lings, or rag 2oints, and sometimes as"lined 2ointor"rismatic 2oint

:ig .E ri"e Line S)a8t

1A
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_trainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsion_(mechanics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_stresshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_jointhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaw_couplinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaw_couplinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rag_jointhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_splinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_splinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_splinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prismatic_jointhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_trainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsion_(mechanics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_stresshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_jointhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaw_couplinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaw_couplinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rag_jointhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_splinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prismatic_joint


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The term ri"e s)a8t#irst a""eared d$ring the mid 19th cent$r! In )torerJs 1861 "atent

reiss$e #or a"laning and matching machine, the term is $sed to re#er to the belt7driven

sha#t b! which the machine is driven 1The term is not $sed in his original "atent

.?nother earl! $se o# the term occ$rs in the 1861 "atent reiss$e #or the atkins and

3r!son horse7drawnmowing machine0>ere, the term re#ers to the sha#t transmitting

"ower #rom the machineJs wheels to the gear train that works the c$tting mechanism

In the 189/s, the term began to be $sed in a manner closer to the modern sense In 1891,

#or e4am"le, 3attles re#erred to the sha#t between the transmission and driving tr$ckso#

his %lima4 locomotiveas the drive sha#t,Eand )tillman re#erred to the sha#t linking the

cranksha#t to the rear a4le o# his sha#t7driven bic!cleas a drive sha#t@In 1899, 3$ke!

$sed the term to describe the sha#t transmitting "ower #rom the wheel to the drivenmachiner! b! a$niversal 2ointin his>orse7


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:ig .@ do$ble "ro"eller sha#t

2.1+ en3ine' rear-9)ee: ri"e

In #ront7engined, rear7drivevehicles, a longer drive sha#t is also reB$ired to send "ower

the length o# the vehicle Two #orms dominateF The torB$e t$bewith a single $niversal

2ointand the more common >otchkiss drivewith two or more 2oints This s!stem became

known as Systme Panharda#ter the a$tomobile com"an!


20/26

arl! a$tomobiles o#ten $sed chain driveorbelt drivemechanisms rather than a drive

sha#t )ome $sed electrical generators and motors to transmit "ower to the wheels

2.1, Fr!nt-9)ee: ri"e

In 3ritish nglish,the term Mdrive sha#tM is restricted to a transverse sha#t that transmits

"ower to the wheels, es"eciall! the #ront wheels ? drive sha#t connecting the gearbo4 to

a rear di##erential is called a pr!pe::er s)a8t, or pr!p-s)a8t ? "ro"7sha#t assembl!

consists o# a "ro"eller sha#t, a sli" 2ointand one or more$niversal 2oints here the

engine and a4les are se"arated #rom each other, as on #o$r7wheel driveand rear7wheel

drivevehicles, it is the "ro"eller sha#t that serves to transmit the drive #orce generated b!

the engine to the a4les

)everal di##erent t!"es o# drive sha#t are $sed in the a$tomotive ind$str!F

Cne7"iece drive sha#t

Two7"iece drive sha#t

)li"7in7t$be drive sha#t

The sli"7in7t$be drive sha#t is a new t!"e that im"roves crash sa#et! It can be com"ressed

to absorb energ! in the event o# a crash, so is also known as a colla"sible drive sha#t

2.1/ F!%r 9)ee: an a::-9)ee: ri"e

These evolved #rom the #ront7engine rear7wheel drive la!o$t ? new #orm o# transmission

called the trans#er case was "laced between transmission and #inal drives in both a4les

This s"lit the drive to the two a4les and ma! also have incl$ded red$ction gears, a dogcl$tch or di##erential ?t least two drive sha#ts were $sed, one #rom the trans#er case to

each a4le In some larger vehicles, the trans#er bo4 was centrall! mo$nted and was itsel#

driven b! a short drive sha#t In vehicles the si*e o# aLand over, the drive sha#t to the

#ront a4le is noticeabl! shorter and more stee"l! artic$lated than the rear sha#t, making it

./
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Englishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Englishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip_jointhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_jointhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_jointhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear-wheel_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear-wheel_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Roverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Roverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Englishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip_jointhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_jointhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear-wheel_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear-wheel_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover


21/26

a more di##ic$lt engineering "roblem to b$ild a reliable drive sha#t, and which ma!

involve a more so"histicated #orm o# $niversal 2oint

(odern light cars with all7wheel drivenotabl!?$dior the :iat

The a$tomotive ind$str! also $ses drive sha#ts at testing "lants ?t anengine test standa

drive sha#t is $sed to trans#er a certain s"eed = torB$e #rom the Internal comb$stion

engineto a d!namometer? Msha#t g$ardM is $sed at a sha#t connection to "rotect against

contact with the drive sha#t and #or detection o# a sha#t #ail$re ?t a transmission test

stand a drive sha#t connects the "rime mover with the transmission

2.14 M!t!r**:e ri"e s)a8ts

Drive sha#ts have been $sed onmotorc!clessince be#ore 1, s$ch as the 3elgian :N

motorc!cle#rom 19/0 and the)t$art T$rner)tellar motorc!cle o# 191. ?s an alternative

tochainandbeltdrives, drive sha#ts o##er relativel! maintenance7#ree o"eration, long li#e

.1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-wheel_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_Pandahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_test_standhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_test_standhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamometerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamometerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcyclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcyclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN_(motorcycle)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN_(motorcycle)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Turner_(engineer)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_(mechanical)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-wheel_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_Pandahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_test_standhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_enginehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamometerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcyclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN_(motorcycle)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN_(motorcycle)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Turner_(engineer)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_(mechanical)


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and cleanliness ? disadvantage o# sha#t drive on a motorc!cle is that helical

gearing, s"iral bevel gearingor similar is needed to t$rn the "ower 9/ #rom the sha#t to

the rear wheel, losing some "ower in the "rocess Cn the other hand, it is easier to "rotect

the sha#t linkages and drive gears #rom d$st, sand, and m$d

3(has "rod$ced sha#t drive motorc!cles since 19.0O and (oto G$**ihave b$ilt

sha#t7drive &7twinssince the 196/s The 3ritish com"an!, Tri$m"hand the ma2or

'a"anese brands, >onda, )$*$ki,Kawasakiand amaha, have "rod$ced sha#t drive

motorc!cles ?ll geared models o# the &es"ascooter "rod$ced to date have been sha#t7

driven &es"aJs a$tomatic models, however, $se a belt

(otorc!cle engines "ositioned s$ch that thecranksha#t is longit$dinal and "arallel to the

#rameare o#ten $sed #or sha#t7driven motorc!cles This reB$ires onl! one 9/ t$rn in

"ower transmission, rather than two 3ikes #rom (oto G$**i and 3(, "l$s

the Tri$m"h ocket IIIand>onda )T seriesall $se this engine la!o$t

(otorc!cles with sha#t drive are s$b2ect to sha#t e##ectwhere the chassis climbs when

"ower is a""lied This e##ect, which is the o""osite o# that e4hibited b! chain7drive

motorc!cles, is co$nteracted with s!stems s$ch as 3(Js


23/26

2.27 L!*!$!ti"e ri"e s)a8ts

The )ha!, %lima4and>eislerlocomotives, all introd$ced in the late 19th cent$r!,

$sed B$ill drivesto co$"le "ower #rom a centrall! mo$nted m$lti7c!linder engine to each

o# the tr$ckss$""orting the engine Cn each o# these geared steam locomotives, one end

o# each drive sha#t was co$"led to the driven tr$ck thro$gh a$niversal 2ointwhile the

other end was "owered b! the cranksha#t, transmissionor another tr$ck thro$gh a second

$niversal 2oint ? B$ill drive also has the abilit! to slide lengthwa!s, e##ectivel! var!ing

its length This is reB$ired to allow the bogies to rotate when "assing a c$rve

%ardan sha#ts are $sed in some diesel locomotivesmainl! diesel7h!dra$lics, s$ch

as 3ritish ail %lass @.- and someelectric locomotiveseg3ritish ail %lass 91- The!

are also widel! $sed in diesel m$lti"le $nits

.0
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shay_locomotivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climax_locomotivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisler_locomotivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisler_locomotivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quill_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogiehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geared_steam_locomotivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_jointhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_jointhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshafthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_locomotivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Class_52https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_locomotivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_locomotivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Class_91https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Class_91https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_multiple_unithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_multiple_unithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shay_locomotivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climax_locomotivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisler_locomotivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quill_drivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogiehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geared_steam_locomotivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_jointhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshafthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_locomotivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Class_52https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_locomotivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Class_91https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_multiple_unit


24/26

2.21 ri"e s)a8ts in (i**:es

The drive sha#t has served as an alternative to a chain7drive inbic!cles#or the "ast

cent$r!, never becoming ver! "o"$lar ?sha#t7driven bic!cleor M?cataneM, #rom an

earl! maker- has several advantages and disadvantagesF

A"anta3e

Drive s!stem is less likel! to become 2ammed, a common "roblem with chain7

driven bic!cles

The rider cannot become dirtied #rom chain grease or in2$red b! M%hain biteM

when clothing or a bod! "art catches between an $ng$arded chainand a s"rocket

Lower maintenance than a chain s!stem when the drive sha#t is enclosed in a t$be

(ore consistent "er#ormance D!namic 3ic!cles claims that a drive sha#t bic!cle

can deliver 9E e##icienc!, whereas a chain7driven bike can deliver an!where #rom

A@79A e##icienc! based on condition

Greater gro$nd clearanceF lacking a deraille$ror other low7hanging machiner!,

the bic!cle has nearl! twice the gro$nd clearance

.E
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicyclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft-driven_bicyclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft-driven_bicyclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_casehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_clearancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derailleur_gearshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicyclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft-driven_bicyclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_casehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_clearancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derailleur_gears


25/26

isa"anta3es

? drive sha#t s!stem weighs more than a chain s!stem, $s$all! 17."o$ndsheavier

(an! o# the advantages claimed b! drive sha#tJs "ro"onents can be achieved on a

chain7driven bic!cle, s$ch ascovering the chain and gears

;se o# lightweightderaille$rgears with a high n$mber o# ratios is im"ossible,

altho$gh h$b gearscan be $sed

heel removal can be com"licated in some designs as it is #or some chain7driven

bic!cles with h$b gears-

.@
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_(mass)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_casehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_casehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derailleurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derailleurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hub_gearshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_(mass)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_casehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derailleurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hub_gears


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REFERENCES

wwwgooglecom

wwwwiki"ediacom

wwwmechanicalengineeringcom
http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.mechanicalengineering.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.mechanicalengineering.com/

Gkn Project 2

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Transcript of Gkn Project 2