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Girls on the Move:Adolescent girls & migrationin the developing world

Miriam Temin

Mark R. Montgomery

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Girls on the Move

Why girls?

Why urban?

Why migration?

PHOTO: OLLIVIER GIRARD

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The evidence

More than 150 DHS surveys

More than 60 census micro-samples

16 commissioned research reports

Extensive literature review

But more is needed

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What well talk about today

Characteristics of migrant girls

Benefits of migration

Migration from a girls perspective

Current programs and policies

Action agenda

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Many urban girls are recent migrants

Population censuses: 5% to 30%

DHS: Higher percentages;up to 80% in some countries

PHOTO: PALANI MOHAN

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What do we know

about these girls?

Who moves?

Why do they move?

PHOTO: JANE HAHN

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Migration: rural-to-urban vs. urban-to-urban

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Migration can bring:

Greater autonomy

Greater voice for girls within families

PHOTO: JANE HAHN

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Migration can provide:

New opportunities forschooling and skill building

PHOTO: MELODIE MCDANIEL

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Enrollment levels: Urban migrant and non-migrant girls

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Safe migration can lead to:

Prosperity forindividuals and families

More equitable gender norms

PHOTO: MELODIE MCDANIEL

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Perception vs.

Reality

Most extreme risks

More common risks

Benefits

PHOTO: PHIL BORGES

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Migrant girls challenge myths

DECIDING TO MOVE

I decided myself to leave and come herebecause I want to help my family because

they are poor.Phuong, 18, Vietnam

PHOTO: BUSSARAWAN TEERAWICHITCHAINAN

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Migrant girlschallenge myths

DECIDING TO STAYIN THE CITY

I intend to continue myeducation! I would like to

go back but not without anyskills or a proper job herein Accra. Even if I getmoney now, I will notreturn until I have had

some skills. If I returnwithout any skills, I wouldhave wasted my time here.

Zuera, 19, Accra

PHOTO: RICHARD LORD

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Before departure

Influence of returned migrants

Media portrayal of city life

Unrealistic expectations

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When she came back, she was verybeautiful and she had money, so Iknew no matter how difficult lifemight be in the cities, you cant

compare it with village life. So, I waswaiting for an opportunity to come tothe city.

Sabina, 17, Tanzania

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In transit

Possibly riskiest part of migration

Distance matters

Most girls travel with companion

Importance of money, information

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I did not have enough money for busfare. I had to sit on the floor in thebus for two days. I only had one

dress. I was so scared and hungry.I cried. I didnt know where I wasgoing. Only the bus driver knew.

Neema, 12, Tanzania

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Upon arrival

Social support?

Slums?

Social servicesbut access?

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The difficulty I got was where to

spend the night for the first nights,since I didnt know anyone and Ireally didnt know where I was

goingBad boys stole my bag, butfortunatelyI had kept the moneyin myunderpants.

Zamda, 16, Tanzania

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Migrant girls are significantly less likely to be related tothe head of the household than their non-migrant peers

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Limited employment options

The 3 Ds

Service industry

Entertainment industry

Factories

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PHOTO: SHARAT CHOWDHURY

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PHOTO: OLLIVIER GIRARD

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Current programs and policies

Small scale

Reactive, not proactive

Miss the mark

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The diversity of adolescent girls requires avariety of responses

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Take action for migrant girls

PHOTO: MELODIE MCDANIEL

Createopportunities

forconnections

Increasemigrant girls

visibilitythrough policyand advocacy

Fill criticalevidence gaps

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What would success look like?

Migrant girlssafely &rapidlyincluded in

socialstructures &programs

Transitperiodlessrisky

Girlsmigratefor theright

reasons

PHOTO: POPULATION COUNCIL

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The

PopulationCouncilconducts biomedical,social science, andpublic health

research. We deliversolutions that lead tomore effectivepolicies, programs,

and technologies thatimprove lives aroundthe world.