Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek

8/11/2019 Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek

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P.-,

367

C-38

Southern

Branch

of the

University

of

California

Los

Anf

eles

Form L-l

TA

a

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E.

I

.


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SYNTAX

OF

CLASSICAL

GREEK

FROM

HOMER TO DEMOSTHENES

FIRST

PART

THE

SYNTAX

OF

THE SIMPLE

SENTENCE

EMBRACING

THE

DOCTRINE OF

THE

MOODS

AND

TENSES

BASIL

LANNEAU

GILDERSLEEVE

WITH

THK

CO-OPERATION

OK

CHARLES

WILLIAM

EMIL

MILLER

OF THE

JOHNS

HOPKINS

UNIVERSITY

61904

NEW YORK

:

CINCINNATI

: CHICAGO

A

M

E

R

I

C

A

N

BOOK

COMPANY

3735^


6/208

Copyright,

i

ooo,

by

B. L.

(JII.DKKSLEKVE.

Entered at

Stationers'

Hall,

London.

Greek

Syntax.

\\.

V-

3


7/208

1-ivliFAC

Ix

compliance

with

the

wishes of

many

of

my

former

pupils,

I have

determined

to

publish

my

Greek

Syntax

in

parts.

The

framework

was

planned

many

years

ago,

and

corresponds

in

its

structure

to the

scheme

of

my

Latin

Grammar,

the first

edition

of

which

was

published

in

1867.

In

fact,

the

Latin

Syntax

was

based on

the

MS

of

the Greek. Doubtless the

syntactician

of

(4 to-day

will

find

ample opportunity

to

criticise

the

arrangement,

f}

but

to refashion the book would

require

more

time

than

the

t

speeding

years

will allow

me

to

presume

on. Nor

will I

under-

^

take in

this

place

a

vindication

of the

principles

that have

.

guided

me

in

my

syntactical

studies.

A

word, however,

as to

the

order

of

the

examples

may

be

deemed

appropriate.

A

catena

^

of

syntactical

usage

would

be a

memorable

achievement,

and

^;

I

do not

deny

that

at

one time I

thought

it

possible

to

organize

t

4

such

a

work,

for

which

a

large

staff

of

helpers

would

have

been

^

needed;

but

I have

learned to renounce

this ambitious scheme,

and

even

the

present

far

more modest

undertaking

would

have

been

impossible

unless

I

had

associated

with

myself

a

scholar who

is

acquainted

with

every

detail

of

my syntactical

work,

publish-

ed

and

unpublished,

and

who

has

brought

to the task

not

only

a

hearty

sympathy

with

my

views

and

methods,

but

a

clearness

of

judgment

and

an

accuracy

in

details that

have been

of

great

service

to

me

in

my

own

researches.

In

completing

the list

of

examples,

and

in

filling

up

the

gaps

in

the

presentation,

I have

availed

myself

freely

of

his

help,

and

we

have

worked

side

by

side

in the

collection

and the

scrutiny

of the

passages

cited;

and

to

this

pupil,

colleague,

friend,

Professor C.

W.

K. Ml 1.

1.

MR,

the


8/208

iv P

KEF

ACE

completion

of

the

work

has

been

committed,

in

case

the

privilege

should

be

denied

me

of

putting

the

last

hand

to

the

labor of

many

years.

Like

myself,

Professor

MILLER

is

thoroughly

imbued

with

the

conviction

that

the

study

of

syntax

is

of

the

utmost

importance

for

the

appreciation

of

literary

form,

and we

both

believe

that

the

presentation

of

the

phenomena

under

the

rubrics of

the

different

departments

of

literature

will

be found

useful

for in-

struction

and

even

more

so

for

suggestion.

Taking

the

Attic

Orators

as

the

standard

of

conventional

Greek,

we

have

worked

backward

through philosophy

and

history

to

tragic, lyric,

and

epic

poetry,

comedy

being

the bridge

which

spans

the

syntax

of

the

agora

and

the

syntax

of

Parnassus.

Individual

syntax

we

have

not

been

able

to set

forth

with

any

fulness,

but the

differ-

ent

departments

have been

represented

to the

best of

our

ability

and

judgment.

The

plan

has saved us from

giving

the

usual

medley

of

examples,

it

has

forced

us

to

rely

largely

on

our

own

collections

and

to examine

the

texts for

ourselves,

and

it

will

enable

those

who

come

after us

to

fill

up

these

outlines

with

greater

ease.

BASIL L.

GILDERSLEEVE.

THE

JOHNS

HOI-KINS

UNIVERSITY,

BALTIMORE.


9/208

CONTENTS

OF

PART

I

Simple

Sentence,

1-467.

Nominative

Case,

3-13.

As

Subject,

3-4.

In

Titles,

Inscrip-

tions,

etc.,

5.

In

Citations,

Enumerations,

and

Indefinite

Predications,

6-9.

In

Suspense,

10.

In

Exclamations,

n.

For the

Vocative,

12.

In

Apposition

with

Vocative,

13.

Vocative

Case,

14-25.

J>

with

Vocative,

15.

Position of

w,

16-18.

Repetition

of


10/208

VI CONTEXTS

71.

Subject

contained

in

Verb,

72.

tta

p^ara,

73.

Divine

Agent

Expressed,

74-75. Impersonal

Verbs,

76.

Subject

an

Infinitive

or

Sentence,

77.

Indefinite

Subject

to

be

Supplied

from

Context,

78

Ellipses

of

Time,

Circumstances,

and

the

like,

79.

One,

how

expressed,

80-81.

Indefinite

Subject

of

the

Third

Person

Plural

Omitted,

82.

Omission

of the

Copula,

83-86.

rri

and

eUri,

84.

Other

Forms,

85.

In

Dependent

Clauses,

86.

Omission

of the Verbal

Predicate,

87.

Concord

of

Predicate,

88-136.

Verbal

Predicate,

88.

Adjective

Predi-

cate,

89.

Concord

when

Subject

is

an

Infinitive,

or

a

Sentence,

or

when the Verb

is

Impersonal,

90.

Agreement

of

Predicate

with

Subject

of

Leading

Verb,

91.

Predicate

Vocative

for

Nominative,

92.

Substantive

Predicate,

93.

Substantiva

Mobilia,

96.

General

Exceptions,

97-118.

Neuter

Plural with

Singular

Verb,

97-98.

Adjective

Predicate

of Neuter

Plural

Subject, 99.

Neuter

Dual

Subject,

100. Plural

Accusative Absolute

with

Singular

Participial

Predicate,

101.

Neuter

Plural with

Plural

Verb,

102.

Neuter

Plural

Subject Comprising Duality

with

Dual

Verb,

103.

With

Singular,

104.

Dual

Subject

with

Plural

Predicate,

105-

109.

Of

First

Person,

105.

Of

Second

or

Third

Person,

106.

With

Plural

Participial

Attribute,

107.

Dual

Genitive

Absolute with

Plural

Participle,

108.

Dual

Subject

and

Plural

Predicate

Ad-

jective,

109.

Plural

Subject

and

Dual

Predicate,

i lo-i

14.

Plural

the

Rule,

in.

Plural Verb

with

Dual

Participle,

112.

Dual

Verb

with

Complementary

Plural Predicate

Participle, 113.

Dual

Adjective

Predicate with Verb of

First Person

Plural,

114.

Transition

from

Dual Verb to Plural

Verb,

or

vice

versa,

in

Same

Sentence,

115.

Dual

Number,

116.

Plural

Subject

and

Singular

Verb,

117-118.

2ocn;

JLa

ITivSapiKov,

118.

Special

Exceptions,

1

19-136.

Nouns

of

Multitude,

120.

Organ-

ized

Number,

121.

Agreement

in

Sense,

122.

Periphrastic

Sub-

ject,

123.

Agreement

of

Copula

with

Predicate, 124.

Agree-

ment

of Verb

with

Appositivc,

125.

Neuter

Adjective

as

Sub-

stantive

Predicate,

126.

Demonstrative Attracted to

Gender

of

Predicate,

127-128.

Demonstrative

not

Attracted,

129.

Differ-

ence between

ri

and

TIS

in

Predicate,

130-131.

TI

instead of

riva.

132.

Tiva.

133.

Attraction of

Superlative

Predicate.

134. Super-

lative

Predicate

Agreeing

with

Genitive,

135.

Masculine

Re-

ferring

to

Indefinite

Subject

known to be a

Woman,

136.

Forms

of

the Verbal

Predicate,

137-467.

Voices

of the

Verb,

137-182.

Active

Voice,

138-144.

Transitive

and

Intransitive

Verbs,

139.


11/208

CONTEXTS

Vll

Transitive

Verbs

without Outer

Object,

140.

Periphrases

with

YtyvoiMu,

1

4

1

'

Transitive Verbs

used

Intransitively,

142.

Infinitive Active

apparently

as

Passive,

143.

Causative

Active,

144.

Middle

Voice,

145-156.

Direct

Reflexive

Middle,

146.

In-

direct

Middle,

147.

Active

for

the

Indirect

Middle,

148.

Reciprocal

Middle,

149.

Causative

Middle,

150.

Active

and

Reflexive,

151.

av-ros

lavrov,

152.

Middle

with

Reflex-

ive

Forms,

153-154.

Middle

and Accusative

of

the

Part

Affected,

155.

Details

of Difference

between

the Active

and

the

Middle,

156.

Passive

Voice,

157-178.

Instrument, Means,

or

Cause,

158.

Agent, 159-165. Interchange

of

Instrument

and

Agent,

166.

Permissive

Passive,

167.

Future

Middle

in

Passive

Sense,

168.

Aorist

Passive

for

Aorist

Middle,

169.

Passive

of

Middle

Verbs,

170.

Active

Serving

as

Passive,

171-172.

Passives

of

Intransitive

Verbs,

173.

Passive

of

Verbs that

take Genitive

or

Dative,

174-175.

Impersonal

Passive

of

Verbs

Governing

an

Oblique

Case,

176.

Deponent

Verbs,

177.

Passive

of

Deponents expressed by

Periphrasis,

178.

Reciprocal

Expressions,

179-182.

dXXTjXuv, 179.

Reciprocal

Reflexives,

180.

Reciprocal

and

Reflexive

in

Contrast,

181.

Repetition

of

Cognates,

182.

Mood

Defined,

183.

Tenses

of the

Verb,

184-360.

Present

Tense,

189-204.

Specific

Present.

Universal

Present,

189-190.

Present

Participle

combined

with

Copula,

191.

Conative

Present. Present

of

Endeavor,

192-193.

Present

Anticipating

Future.

Praesens

Prophcticum,

194.

elfii,

195-197.

Present

in Passionate

Questions,

198.

Historical

Present,

199-200.

Annalistic

or

Note-Book

Present,

201.

Present of

Unity

of

Time,

202. Perfect of

Unity

of

Time,

203.

Present

for

Perfect,

204.

Imperfect

Tense,

205-225.

With

Adverb

of

Rapidity,

206.

Descriptive Imperfect,

207.

Imperfect

with

Definite

Num-

bers,

208-210.

Imperfect

and

Aorist

Interwoven,

21

1.

Inter-

change

of

Imperfect

and

Aorist,

212.

Imperfect

of

Endeavor.

213.

The

Same combined

with

Aorist

of

Attainment,

214.

fptXXov

with

Infinitive,

215.

Negative

Imperfect,

216.

Imper-

fect of Past

Impressions.

217-220.

In

Description

of

Sce-

nery.

217.

Of

Points

Assumed,

218. Of Former

Views,

219.

Of

Sudden

Appreciation

of

Real

State

of

Affairs.

Imperfect

for

Present,

220.

Origin

of

Modal

eSci,


12/208

CONTENTS

feet

of

Unity

of

Time,

222-223.

Imperfect

apparently

used

as

a

Pluperfect,

224.

Of

TJKttv

and

otxr6ai

used

Aoristi-

cally,

225.

Perfect

Tense,

226-234.

Perfect

of

Maintenance

of

Result,

228. Intensive

Perfect,

229-232.

Perfect

of an Action

that

is

Dated,

233.

For

Future

Perfect,

234.

Gnomic

Perfect;

257. Periphrastic

Perfect,

286-288.

Pluperfect

Tense,

235-237.

Of

Rapid

Relative

Completion,

236.

As

Imperfect,

237.

Aonst

Tense,

238-264.

Ingressive,

239-242.

Of Actions

of

Long

Duration,

Complexive

Aorist,

243-244.

Of

Total

Negation,

245-246.

Present

used

in

Negation,

247.

Aorist

for

Perfect,

248-252.

Translated

by

Pluperfect,

253-254.

Gnomic

Aorist,

255.

Aorist of

Comparison,

256.

Gnomic

Perfect

and

Future,

257-258.

Empirical

Aorist,

259.

Aorist

in General

Descriptions,

260.

In Passionate

Questions,

261.

Where

English

uses

Present,

262.

Of the

Future,

263.

Imperfect,

Aorist,

and

Pluperfect

Side

by

Side,

264.

Future

Tense,

265-278.

Modal Nature

of,

267.

In

Delibera-

tive

Questions,

268.

Imperative

Use

of,

269.

|xi]

and the

Future Indicative

in

Prohibitions,

270.

oi

with

Future

In-

dicative

in

Questions

as

Imperative.

271.

Periphrastic

Future

with

(j.e'X\o>,

272-276.

pe'XXw

with

Future

Infinitive,

273.

With

Present

Infinitive,

274.

With Piesent

and

Future,

275.

With

Aorist,

276.

pe'XXa),

I

postpone,

277-278.

With

Present,

277.

With

Aorist,

278.

Gnomic

Future,

257-258.

Future

Perfect

Tense,

279-284.

Future

Perfect

Active,

280.

Future Perfect Middle used

Passively,

281.

Future

Perfect

in

Imperative

Sense,

282.

As

a

Future,

283.

Periphrastic

Future

Perfect

Middle,

284.

Periphrastic

Tenses,

285-296.

Periphrases

with

Perfect

Parti-

ciple,

286-290.

Perfect Participle

with

titjv

av,

288.

Perfect

Participle

Parallel with

an

Adjective,

289.

As Predicate

of

Participle

of

dpi,

290.

Periphrases

with

Present

Participle,

291-292.

Present

Participle

Parallel with an

Adjective,

292.

Periphrases

with Aorist

Participle,

293-295.

Aorist

Parti-

ciple

with

forms of

aivo;jLai,

294.

With

f\o>,

295.

Peri-

phrastic

Perfect

Participle

with

?x


13/208

CONTENTS

ix

Present,

307.

Aorist,

308.

Perfect.

309.

Future,

310.

Re-

tention

of

Imperfect

and

Pluperfect

Indicative in

Oratio

Obliqua,

311.

Present

Optative

representing Imperfect

Indicative,

312.

Tenses

of

the

Infinitive,

313-328.

Infinitive as a Verbal

Noun,

313-326.

As

Subject,

314-319.

As

Object,

320-326.

Future

Infinitive

as

Object

of

Verbs of

Creation,

326.

Infinitive

as

Representative

of

Indicative,

327-328.

Anarthrous,

327.

Articular,

328.

Tenses

of the

Participle,

329-360.

Of

Participle

as

Verbal

Adjective,

329-353.

Present,

330-338.

Of

Contemporane-

ous

Action,

330-336.

Prior

Action,

337.

Subsequent

Action,

338.

Aorist,

339-347-

Perfect,

348-353.

Of

Participle

as

Representative

of

the

Indicative,

354-360.

Present,

355-357.

Aorist,

358.

Perfect,

359.

Future,

360.

Moods,

361-467.

Indicative

Mood,

361-368. Expression

of

Possibility,

Power,

Obligation,

and

Necessity,

363-364.

cSct,

^xP'i*''

etc.,

of

Present,

364.

In Generic

Sentences,

365.

Non-use

of

Certain

Tenses

of Indicative with

Temporal

Particles,

366.

Indicative

in

Wishes,

367.

In

other

than

Simple

Sen-

tences,

368.

Subjunctive

Mood,

369-387.

Name,

370. Theory,

371.

Im-

perative Subjunctive,

3/2-375.

Imperative

of First

Person,

373-374.

Imperative Subjunctive

of

Second

Person,

375.

Aorist

Subjunctive

in

Prohibitions,

3/6-377.

Present

Sub-

junctive

Third Person

as

Negative

Imperative,

378.

Sub-

junctive

Questions,

Deliberative

Subjunctive,

379-384.

First

Person,

380.

Second

Person,

381.

Third

Person,

382.

Sub-

stitutes

for

the Deliberative

Subjunctive,

383.

Tiird0a>;

384.

Subjunctive

in

tIalf-Questions,

385.

Homeric

Subjunctive,

386. Subjunctive

in

Dependent

Clauses,

387.

Optative

Mood,

388-400.

In

Wishes,

388.

Potential

Optative.

389.

Optative

in

Questions,

390.

Tenses

of

Pure

Optative.

391-393.

Imperative

Optative,

394.

Optative

with

ei0c,


14/208

CONTENTS

c,

with

Imperative,

410-413.

Negative

Imperative,

414-

419.

Difference

between

Present

and

Aorist

in

Prohibitions,

415. Examples

of

Present,

416.

Aorist,

417-418.

Third

Person,

417. Second

Person,

418.

Perfect,

419.

Equiva-

lents of

Imperative,

420.

Representatives

of

Imperative

in

Oratio

Obliqua,

421.

Imperative

in

Dependent

and

in

In-

terrogative

Sentences,

422.

Particle

av,

423-467.

Distinctions

in

Use of

av,

424.

Shifting

from

Definite

to

Indefinite,

425.

KCV

KC),

Ks

av

with

Optative

to

Express

Wish,

446.

Optative

with

av

in

Dependent

Discourse,

447.

Adherescent

av,

448.

lav,

orav,

etc.,

with

Optative, 449.

Omission

of av

with

Optative.

Pure

Optative

as

a

Potential,

450.

Subjunctive

with

av,

451-456.

As

a

Form

of

Independent

Statement,

452-455.

Omission

of av

in

Subjunctive

De-

pendent

Clauses,

456.

Other Uses of

av,

457-458.

av with

other

Moods,

457.

av

without

a

Verb,

458.

Position

of

av

and

K(V),

459-467.

After

Verb,

460.

With

Negatives,

461.

With

Interrogatives,

462.

After

Participle,

463.

With

any

Leading

Modifier,

464.

With

Verbs

of

Say-

ingor

Thinking,465.

Rare Position in Relative

Subjunctive

Sentences,

466.

Repetition

of

av

and

KC(V),

467.


15/208

GREEK SYNTAX

1.

SYNTAX

treats

of

the formation

and

combination

of sen-

tences.

A

sentence

is

the expression

of

thought

in

words.

It

is

a

\6yos

The

necessary parts

of

the

sentence

are

the

subject

and the

predicate.

The

predicate

is

that which

is said

of

the

subject.

The

subject

is that

of

which the

predicate

is

said.

avBponros

)iavOdvci,

PLATO,

Soph.

262

C;

Man

/earns.

avOpwiros

is the

subject;

navOdvei

is

the

predicate.

See also

2,

27,

and

68-82.

Sentences

are

divided

into

simple

and

compound.

A

simple

sentence

is

one

in

which

the

necessary

parts

of the

sentence

occur

but

once,

as

above,

av9pu>u-os

pavddvcu

For

the

compound

sentence,

see

Index.

SYNTAX

OF

THE

SIMPLE

SENTENCE

2.

The most

simple

form

of

the

sentence

is

the finite verb

:

el-|,

/

am

;

8i8u>-s,

thou

givest

;


16/208

2

GREEK

SYNTAX

dSvvarov

. .

.

avOpwirov

iravra

icaXws

iroiciv,

XEX.

Cyr.

8,

2,

5

;

For-a

man

to

do all

tilings

well

is

impossible.

For

the

nominative

with the

infinitive,

see

Index.

5.

NOMINATIVE

IN

TITLES,

INSCRIPTIONS,

ETC.

-T

The

nominative

is

used

as

in

English,

not

only

as

the

subject

of

the

verb,

but

in

titles,

inscriptions,

and the

like,

which

imply

action

or

character.

i,

Clouds

;

2tJKs,

Wasps

;

Elpijvr),

Peace

;

Bdrpaxoi,

frog's

;

nXovros, Plutus,

etc.

KaXXierroj

NiiccxfuXov

'AyytXtjOev,

CIA.

II,

1682.

npoKXeiStjs

4>iXo-

,

CIA.

II,

1686.

CIA.

II,

1689.

1690. 1691. 1692.

etc.

6.

NOMINATIVE

IN

CITATIONS,

ENUMERATIONS,

AND

IN-

DEFINITE

PREDICATIONS.

Under the former

head more

prop-

erly

belongs

also

the

use

of

tlie so-called

nominative

absolute

in

the

citation

of

names,

in.

enumerations,

and

in

indefinite

predications.

oivf)p

8

-yev6(ivos

irpocriXT)

TTJV

riv

TrovTjpwv

KOIVTJV

eircovvfuav


17/208

KOM1\AT1\'JK

CASE

3

This

use

of the

nominative

abounds

in

inscriptions:

CIA.

I,

37

(=

Hicks,

No.

47).

Ibid.

170-3

(=

Hicks.

No.

50):

T

.

. .

(TTf(paiH)S

. .

.,

(ptliXllL

.

.

.,

KUptJ

. .

.,

K

O

I T

'/

.

.

.

ACT*'.,

KT.

Ibid.

259

(=

Hicks,

No.

48),

etc.,

etc. See

Msth.,

Or.

d.

Alt.

Inschr.-'

82,

3

dj.

g.

Nom.

in

Indefinite

Predications

:

HOM.

Od.

I,

51

v]pt)fvs,

'\vri?iu>-

pov

ffjyov,

1'roin

the

quadrireine

Anysis,

the

work

of

Antidonts. So

often

in

the same

inscription.

Ibid.

I,

179,

7

sqq.

(433

B.C.)

:

irap(8o

.

.

.

rpfls

KU\

10.

NOMINATIVK

IX SusPKNSE.

The

nominative

is some-

times

left

in

suspense

(ttominativiis

pcndcns,

anacolntlion,

want

of

sequence),

an

equivalent

construction

being

substituted.

SiaXc-yopevo?

avru

ISo^c

fioi,

PLATO,

Apol.

21

C;

Talking

with

him

it seemed to me.

ISOC.

4,

IO7-8:

)(OVT(S

. . .

K(KTTJp.(VOl

.

. .

KpdTOVVTfS

.

.

.

I

>

6 T

( S

. .

.

OflOlS

OV&(V

TOVTOiV

T)p.US

(TT']p(.

12,

I

I 8.

AN

DOC.

I,

1

6.

Ibid.

29-30:

Km

yap

ol

Xoyoi

TUIV

KOTtjyoptov

. . . rovrtav

ovv

ffjioi

ran/

\(iyu>i>

.

.

.

TI

Trpt)(rr']Kfi

;

Ibid.

95.

PLATO,

Apol.

21

C

(see

above).

Crat.

403

A

(bis).

Ibid.

404

C

:

**

ppt-

s

xrt.

Au.

Kan.

652

:

livdptawot

itpiit.

PI.

23

:

Xrjpoy, Stuff

and

nonsense

Euk.

Med.

61

:

o>

/xo>/>ov,

O

foolish

woman

that

she is


18/208

GREEK

SYNTAX

SOPH.

El.

1354.

Ph.

254:

o>

TroXX'

ryco

p.o^0rjpos,

co

iriKpos

Seals.

Tr,

1046

sq.

HOM. Od.

2O,

194:

dva-fjLopos.

II.

I,

231

:

dr)p.ol36pos

i3a

8

OKI

p.

co-

raro

r

'EXXafli.

SOPH.

Ai.

525

:

Ainr,

and

so

regularly

in

Sophocles.

(See

Ellendt,

Lex.

Soph.).

AESCHVL.

P.

V.

88-90:

co

Stor

aldrjp

K(ii

ra^vTrrtpoi

TTI/OO/,

|

iroTap.cav

re

Tfriya\

irovriwv

Tt

Kvp.nru>v

|

ye

XcHTfJia,

irofifiTiTop

Te

yrj.

Ibui.

545

w

(p[\os,

ft77f.

Fr.

207

N

J

:

rf>dyns,

ytvfiov apa

TrevOiicreis

a v

ye.

H()M.

Od.

I,

301

:

i\os,

fj.d\a

ydp

(r(e)

Kre.

IJ,

415

:

8t>s,

(pi\s.

19,

406

:

yap.j3pos

efj.i>s

Bvyartp

re,

riflfcrff

wop.

UTTI Ktv ftTrco.

II.

3,

276

sq.

:

Zev

TTurtp

lF>jj6ei>

p-eSf'tov

KvSicrTf

peyicrrt

\

'He'Xios

1

$'

or

TTUVT'

e'fpopas.

For

the

occasional

use of the

Nom.

Adj.

with a Voc. Subst.

or of

a

Voc.

Adj.

with a Nom.

Subst.,

see Index.

1

This

is a

curious

coincidence

with

the Yedic rule

(Delbruck,

Synt.

Forsch.

V.

66|

which

prohibits

copulation

of two vocatives

by

ca

(r


19/208

VOCATIVE CASE

5

13.

NOMINATIVE

IN APPOSITION

WITH

THE

VOCATIVE.

The

nominative

with

the article

is

sometimes

in

apposition

with

an

expressed

or

unexpressed

vocative

which

is

identical

with

the

subject

of

the

verb.

Similarly

the

pronoun

OVTOS

is

often

used

in

calling

to a

person.

&

irats,

atcoXouOci

Stvpo,

AK. Ran.

521

;

You

boy,

follow

this

way

I

OVTOS,

TI

iroifis

;

Ibid. Nub.

723

:

You

there,

w/iat are

you

doing

?

PLATO,

Conv.

172

A :

*Q

X

;; p

t

v

s,

((prj,

o

VTOS

'ArroXX

o5o>p

or,

ov

irepi-

ft(

vt

i

s

;

(C(iyo)

enicrTiis

ir(piip.iva-

KU\

oy,

'ATruXXcJSwpf

,

(prj

KT(.

(note

difference

between

nom. and

voc.).

Ibid.

218

H :

ol be

oiKfrai

KH\ d

rty uXXo?

tort

&it

1r)-

\os

. .

.,

Tri'Xas

.

. .

rots UHFIV

(ntdfcrde.

Protag.

337

C

:

o>

tlvftpfs, (

oi

irapi>i>T(

v.

XEN.

An.

I,

5.

l6:

n/xifi/f

KU\

oi

XXoi

ol

TrapovTt

s E\\rjvfs,

OVK

lcr-e

on

iroif'tTf,

Proxenus

and

the

rest

of

you

Greeks

that

are

present,

you

do

not

know

wltat

you

are

doing. Cyr.

4,

5.

'7

:

'$'

M

(l/

irpftrtivTaTas,

icdi

lu>t>

Ttiirra

Xt'yf.

Ibid.

4,

5>

22

^

^

*0'?'

r^

t/

'Ypxavitav

npx&v, virofjitivov.

Ibid.

5. 3- 43

'

fiftfif\(tr&f

.

.

.

oi

rt

upôvrfs

Km

irt'ivrts

(5

oi

cr

u>

i

Tr\rj

(r

iov.

Al

oilror,

ovror.

Av.

665-

6:

f)

HpoKvr),

\

fxpaivf.

Lys. 437

:

(odo-as,

OVTOS

;

Ran.

521 (see

above).

EUR.

Ale.

773

OVTOS,

ri

(Tfîvov

.

.

.

ft\(ir(is

;

Med.

922

:

UVTT),

TI

x\(apms

KaKpvois

rtyytis

Kopas

;

Or.

1567:

OVTOS

a~v,

. .

.

p.r]

\âv(rr}S

(


20/208

6

GREEK'

SYNTAX

uvftpt

$

'A$^

with

the

vocative

of

proper

names,

and

only

8 in-

stances

of the

vocative

of

proper

names without i.

(See

Hug

on

Plat.

Conv.

/////.).

Protag.

:

All

of about

a

hundred

vocatives

of

proper

names

seem

to have

the w.

(See

Hug

/.

c.).

XKN .

Anab. :

w

with the

vocative

occurs about

40

times;

1

e.g.

i,

7,

3.

THUC.

:

About

40

times;*

e.g.

i,

32,

i.

HDT.

7,

1

60.

161.

AK.

Eq.

1194.

Nub.

793.

794. Vesp.

136.

EUR.

Hel.

744.

SOPH.

Ant.

49.

572.

AESCHYL.

Sept.

203.

255.

HOM.

Od.

i,

45

et

saepe.

II.

i,

74

et

saepe.

16.

POSITION

OF

iAe.

AR.

Eq.

108.

SOPH.

El.

86.

Ph.

1128.

1

8.

Exceptional

Position:

EUR. Cf.

El.

167.

Hel.

1451.

Or.

1246:

MvKrjviSa

&

SupaKocrai.

HOM.

Od.

8,

408

:

x

f

/

;f

>

TiiTtp


21/208

I'OCATIVE

CASE

7

20.

OMISSION

OF

*.

The

omission

of

*

in

prose

is

passion-

ate

or late.

XTHHIT',

'AOri

vaioi,

DEM.

8,

31

;

You

are

talking

nonsense,

Athenians.

DEM.

8,

31

(see

above),

tivdpts

'A&ji/mot,

as for

example

in

8,

35,

is

rare

by

the

side

of

2i

wbpts

'AGtjvaioi.

i*t>8pfs

SiKaarui,

as for

example

in

18,

196,

is

rare

by

the side

of

ivSpts

fiiKumai.

18,

243:

heightens

the

excitement

still

further.

22.

Vocative

Postpositive:

DEM.

more

than

a

thousand

times,

as

in

1

8,

5.

21,1.

23,

i.

30,

i.

AESCHIN.

I,

122

:

avrrj

p.(v

fanv,

2>

Ti/iap^f|

ili>8pbs

dyadov

. . .

ajroXoyia,

and

so

in the

other orators.

PLATO,

Conv.

173

D. 212

B.

Gorg.

518

E. Phileb.

n

A

(-?')

XEN.

An.

1,6,

6

(s).

7.

8.

9.

THUC.

Postposition

is the

rule for Thuc.

as

in

I,

75,

i.

I,

76,

I.

HUT.

i,

9

(s).

u

(s).

AR. Ach.

1099(5).

1136.

Nub.

794.

EUK.

Hel.

744.

SOI-H.

Ant.

1 1

(s).

49.

AKSCHYL.

P.

V.

144 (s).

307

(s).

319

(s).

635

(s).

HOM.

Od.

i,

i

(s).

II.

I,

26

(s).

131

(s).

158.

1

In this

section

and the

following,

u

is

used in

all

those

passages

which

arc

not

followed

by

an

s

siitf.


22/208

8

GREEK

SYNTAX

23.

Vocative

Prepositive:

DIN.

i,

72 (once

in

67

times).

1

DEM.

rare,

as

in

8,

35

(s).

20,

i

(s).

32,

i

(5).

AESCHIN.

i,\2\

(s)

(only

once,

and

that

a

quotation).

ISAE.

3.

I

(s).

PLATO,

Conv.

173

E.

Crito,

46

B.

Euthyphr.

3

C.

XEX.

An.

i,

5,

16

(s).

7,

3.

3,

i,

27

THUC.

2,

n

(s).

71

(s}.

4,

10

(s).

95. 5,

9 (*).

7,

61

(j).

HDT.

i,

8

(s,

to).

7,

158

(s).

160.

161.

162

(j).

AR.

Ach.

432.

Eq.

1194. Vesp.

136.

EUR. Hel.

858

(s).

SOPH. Ant.

223

(s).

572.

AESCHYL.

P.

V.

3 (s).

Sept.

203.

255.

HOM

Od.

1,45.

64

(s).

Si.

158(5). 337

(*)

346 (j).

384(5).

389(5).

400

(s).

II.

i,

17

CO.

59

CO-

74-

106(5).

122(5).

442.

24.

VOCATIVE

IN EXCLAMATIONS. The

vocative

may

be

used

in

exclamations.

'HpaicXeis,

DEM.

9,

31

;

Herakles

DEM.

9, 31 (see

above).

19,

308:

'HpuicXeiy.

21,

66:

id.

22,

78;

&>

yij

*ai $foi.

24,

1

86

;

id.

39,

21

:

id.

40,

5

:

id.

PLATO,

Prot.

310

D

: a>

ZfO

'HpZei. O.

C.

221.

532.

O.R.i

198.

AESCHYL.

Ag.

1257

ororoi,

Avxet'

ATroXXoi/,

ot

fyu>

(yea.

ALCMAN,

fr.

29,

Bgk.

4

:

Zev

Trarep,

at

yiip

f/j.os

TTI'HTIS

(1^.

HOM.

Od.

4,

341

:

ZeO re

Trarep

/cal

'\6rjvair]

KU'I AnoXXov

(not

real

prayers).

II.

2,

371

:

id.

25.

PREDICATE VOCATIVE.

The

vocative,

not

being

a

case

proper,

cannot

take

a

predicate,

but

the

predicate

(nom.)

adjec-

tive

is

occasionally

attracted

into

the vocative. Clear

cases are

late :

di/ri

yap

ocX/^s-

ipfipaaf

Hapdfviov,

CALLIM.

fr.

213,

T/lOlt

wast called

(hnbrasus),

O

Imbrasits,

instead

of

Parthenius.

oXfiif

Kovpt,

yivmo,

TlIEOCR.

17,

66

;

Uaf>f)y

laddie,

mayst

thou

prove

(so).

1

Rockel,

/.

c.

,

pp.

49-50.


23/208

VOCATIVE CASE

g

In the classical

period

the

examples

are

only

apparent,

or,

at

most,

the

predicate

may

be

picked

out

from the

attribute

which

precedes

the

verb.

AR.

Av.

627

. o>

(piXrar'

f'p.oi

no\v

npt(r;JvTi>

f

t^difTTov

fifTtmiirro) /.

EUR.

Tr.

1221-3

(TV

T tit nor' oScra tcaXXiviKt

p-vpiutv \

p.fjT(p

rpinraitav,

*ETopoy

cXavrf

dai/o>f

Sufuara.

26.

FORMS

OF

THE

SUBJECT.

The

expressed

subject

of

the

finite

verb

may

be

in

the

form

of a

substantive,

a

pronoun,

or

some

word

or

phrase

used as

a

substantive.

K6vwv

.

. .

^viKTjo-e,

DIN.

i.

75

,

Conon

gained

the

victory.

troXXiiv

XPIH^-

TWV

TO

xP

T

l

r

*

v Ivat

Xvo-iTcXeoTfpov

iari,

Dt.M.

36, 52.

OWTOS

fyrjiw,

DEM.

[46],

21

,

This

man

got

married.

DIN.

i,

75

(see

above).

DEM.

36, 52

(see

above).

[46],

21

(id.).

LYS.

i,

1 1

TO

TraiSioj/

(,36a,

The

baby

was

bawling.

13, 85

'

ft

p.ev

TO

PLATO,

Ale.

I,

Il6

C.

ra

dyada

(rvfji

irXrjv

ft

ris KTf.

(Part.

gen.

as

subj.)

Til

L'C.

1

,

1

26.

9

ol

. .

.

fjifTa

TOV

K.v\d)vos

3,

1

08,

2

o ( Kara TO

8 e iov

Kfpas

tviKtov

TO

and'

e'auToi/r

4-

33>

'

'

^*

TTfpi

TOI>

'

ETrtrudav.

HDT.

1,62

oi

dfji(p\

lI(tKT uncai


24/208

10

GREEK

SYNTAX

feminine

adjectives

and

participles

are

used

as

personal

substan-

tives

freely

with

the article

in both

numbers,

less

freely

without

the

article in

standard

prose.

29.

a. With

the article.

:

DEM.

I,

I

.

TO/

ftov\op.evo)v.

3-

I?'

TOVS aiTiovs. Ibid.

21

:

TOV

op.cavvfj.ov.

4, 44

:

Tt^v

\(yovT

KiKTrj^fvcf.

Rpb.

409

C

:

6

fx

3

2

>

'

TOVS

f)j3a>VTas.

HDT.

I,

120:

TOVS

ydvafifvovs.

3,65:

rutv . .

.

oiKrjioraTuiv.

AR.

Eccl.

1126:

Ttjs

ffjir/s

KfKTr)n(VT)s.

PI.

495

:

TOVS

dyadavs.

EUR. Ale.

167

.'

avriav

rj

TfKovcr(a).

El.

335

o

r'

(Kfivov

Tfxav.

Hipp. 413

;

ras

crd>(t)povas.

Or.

51.

o

Kfivov

yfvofjLfvos.

SOPH.

Ai.

456:

ô)

KO.KOS

TOV

Kpfltrcrova.

Ant.

5

20

:

^X

Xptjo-Tos

rc5

KOK(f

XdXf'lV

10-OS.

fr.

321

N

2

:

TOV

0VTJTOV.

AESCHYL.

Suppl

951

:

TO'LS

apo-eaiv.

THEOGN.

1026:

T&V

dyaGSw.

Ho.M. Od.

15,324-.

TOIS

dyadoivi.

IJ,

218: TOV

opo'iav

(bis).

20,

133:

TOV

.

. .

dpeiov(a).

224

: TOV

8vo~Tr]vov.

II.

3,

255

:

TW

.

.

.

viKt']o-avTi.

6,

435

:

ot

apurroi,

8,

342

-=2

1

1,

178

;

TOV

OTTI-

O-TCITOV.

IO,

237:

TOV

dpfLOl.

II,

658'.

OI

OplOTOl.

I

3,

2791

TOV

.

. .

KOKOV

TpfTTfTdl \pUlS.

I

6,

53

'

fOV

OfJ.olov.

21,

2OJ

'.

TOV

lipKTTOV.

2$,

663

1

6

ViKTjdfiS.

30.

/;. Without

the article:

DEM.

I

8,

JO',

Z>

XeycOJ/ fV^tp&S

o

TI

av

j3ov\rj6r}S.

Ax'i'iPH.

3

ft

12

:

n^XtwTfiTO)

Si/o

(ace.).

PLAT.

Ale.

I,

119

C;

o>

< /KO-rf.

Conv.

194

B. voi)v

eôi/ri

oXt'yoi

eî-

(f)p('>vTpoi.

Legg.

795

^-

8ia(f)fpti

. .

.

p.a6u>v

p.f]

p.a0i'>vTos.

Phaedr.

239

A :

(pa>p.(vu>.

Tim.

29

E:

dyada>.

XEN. Hell.

5.

'.

'9

' '

^roXXar

vavs

KfKTr)p.evovs.

AR.

Nub.

518;

a)

dtojfjifvoi.

Pax,

384

:

o>

nnvtjpoi.

EtJR.

Hipp.

682:

w

7rayK(iKi

KUKO>V

KIIKKTT(.

Ibid.

1397:

K


25/208

I'OCATIl'E

CASE

n

THEOGN.

1025.

duXm'.

HOM.

Od.

3.74.

d\\oftanol.

THEOG.

3'~2

'

KaKolffi

5

^tr) TTpocrop.i\fi I

dv8pd(Tiv

a\\

aid

ru>v

dyn0a>v

(\fo.

43

ft

siif/n:

Ho.M. II.

3-

108

oirXoTfpoav

dvftpu>v.

vi>.

COM.

Fk. Mc-in.

3,462,

13-4.


26/208

12

GREEK

SYNTAX

DEM.

18,

281

:

OVK

e'rri

TTJS avrr]S

(sc.

dyKvpas)

6pfj.fl.

rols

TroXXoty,

He does

not

ride

at,

depend

on,

the

same

anchor

as

the

people.

21,

84

:

fj

Kvpia

(sc.

Tj/j.('pa)

.

.

.

fls

TTJV

voTepaiav

(sc.

fjfj.fpav^).

24,

7-

2>;ys)

iraitrfifv.

Ibid.

7,

8,

20:

T^

vcrTtpaiq.

Hell.

4,

4,

13

:

iyyt r)i/

Vi

Me'yapa

(SC.

oSoi/

)

and

T^V

fVl

.\aK($aip.ova

untxuipfi.

Ibid. ],

2,

13:

r/)i/

(rvvrofjiov

(sc.

ofiov).

.

.

d(f)iK.ecrdai

and

tcvro

r/yy

TT

a

p

a TO

Te

t^os.

Hiero,

2,

8:

8ta

TroXe/iias

(SC.

y^s

Of

^copas).

THUC.

5,

26,

5

:

(pfvyeiv

rljv

fpavrov

(sc.

y^v).

Ibid.

6,

54,

5

:

fiKoV

yiyvofJ,evaiV.

HDT.

3,

64:

Kaipirj

(sc.

TrXiyyj)

f'8o^t

Ttrvfydai.

Ibid.

5,

17

:

(rvi>Tnp.os

(SC.

6Sos).

7^/Vf.

8,

27

:

t)

SfKurrj

(sc.

/iolpa).

Ak.

Ran.

685:

K*W/

to-ai

(SC.

-^^(poi)

yivtavrai.

Ibid.

1096:

TUTrro/iei/o?

Tulai

TrXaTfiais

(sc.

j^tpcriv).

EUR. Ale.

784:

T^J/

avpiov

p.fX\ovcrav

(sc.

f)p.fpav),

SOPH.

Ant.

1308-9:

dvrai'av

(sc.

TrXayav)

eiraurfv.

O. T.

810: oi

/^}

lo-r;^

(sc.

8(Ki;v?)

y'

frurtv.

Phil.

139^

:

8f^*as

(sc.

^eipo?)

f/i^S

fftydiv.

AKSCHYL.

Cho.

639-40:

i

TTJS

i


27/208

NEUTER

ADJECTIVES

13

irl

T7)

i.

3-

''9-

*

>

^7

-

f

T

f)

l

TTi

pavuTb).

5-7--

KUTtSrjcrav

TT)V

tw\

6 nviiTU).

7-62:

rrjvnvr^vTavTr^v

rcrraXfjLfi'oi.

J,

84-

TJ)V

avrijv

rcTJCCvaoyM'pot.

8,

6

:

tic

. .

.

TTJS

dvriTjs

irpos-

TT\ffll>

OV

K

xpn

(Tl

^

niv

-

20

-

-&'

*'

v

& v

-

23.

51

:

&vo

ftr)\ol

Sinaia

(sc.

6

vftos).

The law

sets

forth

two lines

of

legal

procedure.

23,

120:

-nuvr

ffv

'A\(at>8pos.

23,

206

(see

above).

[6iJ,

6:

b~VOlV

TOtll

(CaXX

/

(TTOIV.

AF.SCHIN.

3, 165

: TO 8'

(cr6p.f

vov.

3,218:

dpKt

I

yap

^101

\j.

i K

p

a

Kaifjifi-

6v

54-

^roXii

.

. .

TT/KJ

riav

TpuiKtav

. .

.

Kai

/jUKpuv

npo

.

4,

189:

^iryuXa

. . .

piKpd.

11,43-

^ l

Jlt>

TOIV

n

i

IT

%

i ifToi

v.

ANTIPHON,

6,

3'

^^

rt')

ptyitrTw

KUI

i(r\vf>oTdri^.

PLATO, Charm.

158

A:

TU

bpwptva

TIJS ioY


28/208

14

GREEK SYNTAX

f^dia-Ta

TCI

tvavTitoTciTa,

fyvxpov 6epp.oi, TriKpbv

y\vKf~i, r)pbv

vypco.

Ibid.

195

B:

opoiov

6/iO('o)

dtl irf\dei. Ibid.

22O

C:

e'

eaidivov.

Euthyd.

282

C:

OTTO

TavTOfjuirov.

Ibtd.

34

B

ro (TTTJ.VLOV.

Euthyph.

5

D

: TO

Ofriov

.

. .

Kcil

TO

avocriov

.

.

.

TOV

p.fv

6o~iov

TTIIVTOS

.

.

.

TO

ucriov

KOI

TO

dvoaiov

.

.

.

TO

iJCTlOV.

Ibid. 6

D

: TO ScTiOV . . .

(V

Tl

fj

8llO

. .

. TU>V

7TO\Xo)l/

6

(T

I O>

V

. . .

TTlivTa

Til

OCTta .

. .

Til

Tf dl>l)O~la

. . . KCU

Til

OCTICI. Ibid.

6

E :

TO

/JLeV

TO(?

dfois

TTpocrcpiXes

. .

.

TO

8e

p.f]

npocrcpiXe

s.

Gorg.

449

C: ev

fipaxvTfpois.

Ibid.

473

1^

: To

oihjjQfS-

Ibid.

488

D

:

TO

KpeiTTov

KCU

TO

j3(\Tiov

Km TO

Icr^vpi'i-

Ttpov.

Ibid.

488

E:

TO 'ivov

f'xfLv.

Legg.

642

A:

Trepl

oivbv

. . . TO 8e

i8iov.

Ibid.

885

A:

els

KOIVUV.

Ibid.

932

A:

i^fxp-

f&v

eV;

(iTtui/

TOO

/3tou.

Lys.

214 B:

TO

0/j.oiov

Tea

ofjtoiof

dvdynr)

del

0tXov

etVat.

Ib.'d.

:

irtpl

.

. . TOV oXou.

Meno,

89

A: TO

di(pi\ifj.ov.

Parm.

145

Bl TO

ye

îaov

'i(rov TU>V

ecrârcai'

aTTfêt.

7^/

ev . .

. TTO\V

fit)

iKavms

Trtpdvai.

XEN.

Ag.

I,

15.

ITTTTIKOV

OVK

ft^fv.

An.

2,

5. 3$'

*ty

fTrfjKoov.

Ibid.

3,

i,

21

:

tv

/is'o-.

Ibid.

7,

6,

8

:

eV

eVj/Kow.

Conv.

3. 3

:

ets

p.(a-ov.

Cyr.

1,3,

18

:

J/Tl

ToO

illKT

iXlKOV

TO

TV

paw

If.

O

V.

Ibid.

1,6,

14:

T.

Il>id.

I,

6,

38

:

eV TOIS

p-ovcriKols

(neut.).

Ibid.

2,

3,

8

:

ev

KOIVO>.

Ibid.

3,

3,

28: ev TTf

p

IT(

Tafpptv

p.i

v

GI

p.tv, KiiTiifpd

ve

i

fie

...

fv

d(pavf-

o-TaT

TW

(f>ai>(pa>

al(T\pd

. . .

TII

ev

TU

dcf)(ivf't.

Ibid.

8, I,

34: TToXf/xiKaii'.

Ibid.

8,

2,

12:

/ieyiiXa

. . .

turn

p.iKpa>v.

Hell.

2,

1,2:

eK

ToG

eptpavovs.

Ibid.

2,

I,

25

:

o^/c

tV

KaXtji

^r;

IIVTOVS

oppdv.

lin'd.

2,2,

1

6

:

Tpflj fj.r)vus

Kal n-Xf

i w.

/$/.

Ibid.

2,

i,6:

tv

vTraiQpta.

Ibid.

2,

6,

16

:

e^

eToi/jiov.

Ibid.

2,

6,

23

_

fix

TO

peTii

p.e\i].

Ibid.

3, 5.

I^ :


29/208

A'EL'TEA'

ADJECTIl'KS

15

TO

(T(i)(f)pOl>T)TlKnv

Tt

KOt

(^pOVlfiOV

Kill TO

V

f$

p

I (T

T I

K

It

V T( KOI H

IT

f

t

p

It

K a X O

V.

Ibid.

3,

10,9:

rh

btoptva

(TKf'irijs.

Ibid.

4,

5.

6

:

TO

\t\pov

uvr\

TOV

fttXrio-

vos.

Ibid.

4,

5.

7

: *

rri Ttov

cot^f

\ovt>To>v

TH

/3

X (I

jj-Toy

TII.

Ibid.

4.

6,

15

;

8MI

TO)

/tciXtora

6/ioXoyov/i*

vitiv

iiroptvtro.

/foV/.

4,

7,

5:

7rr>XXo>/

KfXi'â>i/.

Oec.

7.

8:

TO>V

îfino-Ko/xfVcof.

//'/V

o'ffTTroo-uftoi'.

Hipparch.

4,

17:

a*

i

pivroi

Tto

l(T\vpoTt pu>

TO

dcrdt

vt

(TTf

pov

(sc.

Xf>'}) drjpuv.

R.

Kq.

7,

3:

'c

TOW

8(iiKu>v.

1,4:

vavriKuv

tKTT](TaTO.

1,6,6:

TO TToXfllOJ'

*E X X

tj

V

I

K

.

1,

13,

5:

TO

\flO~riKov.

I,

1

8,

I

: Vt

TroXi'.

I,

1

8,

I

: fi

f)

ri

TuyiiBt'iv.

4,

39:

nui>Tu>v

dcfropfjif)

TU>V

KuXau-

tvpicrKtrm,

4>

4

I: T

7r' '/>u>-

IJifVOV

.

.

.

ti(f>(VKTl'll>

(ITTIV.

4, 44:

TO

\VTTQVV

TT\V

f)

TO

O'wfoi'.

EUk.

Ale.

199:

f)

irnv

î.


30/208

16 GREEK

SYNTAX

Hec.

I2O:

TO ...

crbv

. . .

ayaOov.

Hel.

271

:

/zelfoi/

rfjs

dXrjddas

KOKOV.

Heracl.

57

1

:

r

')

s

Tf

v*}*

ev^v^j'as

|

TO:

TO

(raTip.((i}.

El.

333-

Xyd>

TTI

TOIS

Trapovcriv.

Ibid.

384:

eV

KaXw

(frpavf'tv.

O.C.77I:

TO

o-uyyeref

TOUT(O).

O.

T. IIO-I:

TO

8t

^r/rov

p,fvov

iiXcoTov,

epfvyei

5

Ta/n.fXou/xei/or'.

Ibid.

800:

TaX^ês-

e'êpw.

Ph.

446:

ovSev

TTCO

xaKov

y'

aTrooXfTo.

Ibid.

674~5

TO

...

i/oo~oi}v.

Ibid.

9'9

:

o *^

1

/caAcov.

Tr.

196:

TO

iroQovv.

Trach.

474:

TTUV croi

(p

TaX^^f's.

fr.

100 N

3

: TO

(caXcos

TTtfpvKos.

fr.

321

N' '

:

(frpovflv

. .

.

iv

Tfruf/>Xcoi/Tat

0pa8ai.

7V.

SIMON

ID.

C.

fr.

37,

13

:

TO

ye

Stivdv.

SAPPH.

fr.

51

:

dpdcravro

be

trd^Tvnv

eaXa

|

TW

ydfj.j3p(a.

Soi.OX,

fr.

4,

32

: KdKii TrXfio-Ta

Trd\d

8vofj.ia

napf^fi.

ALCAK.

fr.

35,

i

: Tr\iov

rjfjucrv

Travros.

Ibid.

91

:

aTfp

rr KaKuiv

Kru

ttTtp

âXfTroio

TTOVOIO.

Ibid.

116-7:

f'o-$Xa

f)e

TTUVTCI

|

TO'KTIV

trfv. Theog.

28:

d.\rjd(n

yrjpvcracroai.

HoM. Od.

I,

f

1

40]

=4,

56

=

7,

1

76

=10,

[372] =15.

[139]

=17.95

:

irapfdvrtav.

1,274:

(m

o-(j)(Tfpn

triciSvaa-Oat.

1,428:

xtovii lov'ia.

2,

231

:

atcrtfia

fifiwr.

2,

369:

Vi

crolcrt

tcadrip-fvos.

3,

I

15

:

Trei/Taerff

yf

*cm

e'ufTff.

3,

I

l8 :

eivdfTfS.


31/208

NEUTER

ADJECTIVES

17

3t

247

:

aXrjdf's. 3,

277

:

0'Xa

*t5oT*r.

4,460:

oXo03

IO:

a i

trip,

a 7rui/Tf.

14,

433:

ai8ov

tovrtav,

15,

88:

vfl

357

:

SovprivtKts.

I

I,

336:

aiT-


32/208

1 8

GREEK

SYNTAX

(frvydv

KOI

6a.

I,

112:

{SffiovXfVfifva

ecrrt.

I,

194:

old

re

,

et

saepe.

I,

207:

8/7X0,

et

saepe. 3,

6l :

ad.

COM.

4,

66l

:

dvoTjrd

y'

d

TOUT'

r/\6ts

fVtra^wi'

ffj.oi.

EUR. Ale.

218:

8rj\a

(bis).

Bacch.

1039:

a-vyyvuia-Tu.

Hec.

1107:

id.

H.

F.

583

:

8i'(Cflua

roi/f

TeKciiray

(subj.) a)(peXfZi/

TtKva

(obj.).

Hipp.

269:

vvp.ov

TOV

ejiavTov,

DEM.

3,

21

;

Tluit

namesake

of

mine.

TW

erw

6p.,

Pi,,\

TO,

Theuct.

147

D

;

Your

namesake.

DIN.

i,

107

(sec

above).

DEM.

3,

21

(see

above).

18,

47:

TO

C

irpo8i8avros

trvfjupiftnv.

18,

138:

TO

TT)S

TTdXfCOf

(TVfl(j>( f)l>lf.

I

8,

139

T) T^

V

f>

X^'

f'

)l

'

fVp.(f>f'p(>l>,

l)Ut

ll)ld.:

TTfpl

TO) '

(TV^.ff)(fX)VTU>V

Tl/

TTliXfl.

37>

'

To

^

StKOiOU

TOI^TOU.

[j^j'

~&

'

pCTU

TOV

(TVfJi-

(iiovTos

TOV

TU>V

tiavtiCTTiav.


33/208

Xl'H.MA

A.\'D

III'AI'MA

19

IN.

3.

8O:

TOV

VflfTf'pOV

fTVfltytpOVTOS.

ISOC.

3.

24

'

Tots

firtTTj8fiots

Tuis

fp.o'is.

LVS.

[

2

J.

7

1

:

TOVS

irpofTiiKovrtis

fivTtav

(Xff'tv,

but

[2],

j6:

TOVS TOVTOIS

irpotTi)Kovras,

and

12.

7-

: T

r

,V

nuXd

trvfKpjpovTti.

12,

79:

irapa

. . .

TU>V

roirrovt

iTfav.

12,87:

TOVS

tri'vap^ovTas

UVTUV.

AND.

2,

9

:

Ttf ffitp

uifTXptp.

ANT.

5.

7:

TO)

i>fji(Ttpu>

oiKtiitf.

5,

iS:

Toly

tfio'is irpofrr'iKovfTiv,

but

5,

59:

PLATO,

Apol.

34

B

:

ol

TOVTU>V

irpoo-i'iKovTfs.

Cf.

Legg.

868 B

:

TO>V

irpotrrim'iv-

TU>V

TU>

T(X(VTl)O~tlVTl,

but

JUSt

bcl()W

'

TOVS

ITplXTIlKUVTtlS

TOll

TfXfVTIIfTUVTtlS.

Cf.

ibid.

868

C

: TO-

irpot

TIJS

yvwfjitjs.

5-4^'

'

*

v

/**

Tt*

T.

3, 6)

:

V7TO

TfjiV

ftl)VTOV

OIKT/IOTUTCOJ/.

AR.

Eq.

845:

aTtac-uiravras

TOVS

f'p.ovs

f%0povs (iri1>

f)

TtKOVO-

(llTl'lX\Vp.lU.

LI.

335:

O

T'

(KflVOV

TtKO)l>.

Hipp.

1OO7:

TO

fT(Ji)(ppOV

TOVfJUIV.

I.

A.

I2/O:

Ol/S 1 7T TO

Kfll/OV

ft

O

V-

On

the use

of

a Neuter

Adjective

as

the

Predicate of

a

Masculine

or

Feminine

Subject,

see

under

Concord,

126.

40.

XP^K*

anf

l

ifpaYjia.

XP'HH-

01

md

TrpaY^a

are

often

used

to

make

a

substantive

of an

adjective.

The

use of

xp'HH

101

aiu '

Trpayfta

resembles that

of

dvrfp.

Kov4>ov yap

xPTl

101

n

i

oiT

ni

js

t

PLATO,

Ion,

534

B;

A

post

is a

light

and

airy

thing.

ORATORKS

ATTICI:

xPVM

not in

DEM.,

LYS..

and

ANTIPMON.

DEM.

[35 - '5~^

:

AaicptTOS

p-f'yn

irpiiy(j.a,

'itroKpt'trovs

p.ndrjTijs.

PLATO,

Gorg.

485

B:

irtxpov

T'I

p.oi

SoKt't

\pr]p.a

tlvai.

Ion.

534

B

(see

above).

XKN.

Cyr.

I,

4,

8:

KnTdftdXXd

T>}II

(Xufyov,

Kii\t>v

Tt

xpf)p,a

Km

ptya.

lll>T.

3>

53'

Tvpnvvis

xprmu

v.

5-

9^'

^

av

XP

J

W

l

'


34/208

GREEK

SYNTAX

SOPH.

Ai.

288: TJ

AESCHVL.

Cho.

10:

ri

PlND.

O.

9,

104:

4i.

ABSTRACT

NOUN USED AS

A

CONCRETE.

Akin to

the use of

an

adjective

as

a

substantive is the

employment

of

an

abstract as

a

con-

crete.

So

aKoXovdta,

train,

Ka.Ti}tpf.n]

,

woQoi;,

O.TT],

*

/3fof,

livelihood,

KioKiifia,

ytXwc,

laughing-stock,

yii'td,

kindred

{QI

kinsman.

yfi'SfTif,

fiiivifjia, Tip.cu,

yoi'og,

fit/Tic, Tpotpi'i,

SovXiia,

p-iaapa,

r[3pt(?p.a,

tXty\(a,

si'yys

I'tia,

vTrt]pttjia,

iratpla,

v


35/208

PLURAL

OF

ABSTRACTS

2\

HOT.

I,

31

:

TOVTOHTI

...

/3

tor

rf

apnia>v \nrr}v,

They

had

substance

enough.

AR.

Nub.

447

:

irtpiTpiftita

8iKo>v.

EUR.

Phoen.

3 '

:

9

8

TOV

'/ioi>

ai>

iruvov

\

patrrols

vfalro. [Rhes.]

498-9:

terrt

8

atfj.v\u>TaTOf

\ Kpdrtjp.'

'O8v(rcrtvs.

fr.

530:

KvirptSos

8(

p.i(rrj-

/i(a),

Cf.

She

is

my

pet aversion.

SOPH.

Ant.

650:

^vxpov

nap^u.

What

we

call abstract formations

are

largely

feminine and

neuter,

feminine

collec-

tives,

neuter

collectives:

the

feminine

goes

back

to

personification

(the

mother

gender),

the

neuter

to

result

(fruit),

mass.

42.

PLURAL

OF

ABSTRACT

SUBSTANTIVES

USED

DISTRIBU-

TIVELY.

Iii

Greek,

the

plural

of

abstract substantives

is

used

distributively

with far

more freedom

than

in

modern

English.

In Old

English

compare

Lete us

two

preue

oure

strengtkes

Morte

d'Arthur,

193,

22,

and

similarly

elsewhere.

oviS'

airc'j3Xc\j/cv

(sc.

6

Sfjfios)

U ras

cvaias

ras

TOUTUV,

DKM.

21,2;

The

com-

mons

had no

regard

to

their

substance

{property).

iro\Awv

-y*P

ra

(i^pii

rov

aSc\ov

airoo-rtpci,

36,

36

;

He

deprives

his

brother

of

Jus

s/tart\s)

in

many

things.

DEM.

21,

2

(see

above).

30,

21

:

v

KOI

6vyarfpu>v

ftlovs

iyx/

TUS

d{rv.

3-

'

5

T(

'

J

lororijraf

rots

fJ.(T(-)(0\J(Tl

TUIV TToXtTfltOI/

r)TOV/zatj.

Hell.

6,

1,5:

TUIV

r/Xixuitr.


36/208

22

GREEK

SYNTAX

THUG.

7.

55-

2

Afcrt

*a

'

pav?

Kni

tTTTrou?

Kal

fjLfyfdri

eôvcrair.

HDT.

I,

2O2;

2,

lo:

p.fyudfa.

3,

102:

fj.vp/j.r)Kfs

p.fydd(a

fôvrts

KVVU>V

pfv

(Xdcrtrova,

dX&>7rfKa>i>

5e

pe'^wa.

3>

107

:

peyu$fa.

6,

58:

TGOI/

-yap

MI/

/3ap/3a-

pa>i

>

ot

TrAftWy

TO>

aura)

yo/xw

^ptwvrai

KOTO.

TOIIS

davdrovs TUIV

ftav,

At

the

death

of

their

kings.

7,

103

:

p-tyddta.

AR. PI.

53^*

'

ipaTi-utv

ficnrrtav

Bairdvais.

EUR.

Phoen.

870:

at

ff

a(âra)7roi

Sfpy/zarcoi/ 8iapa.Ki

dvej3aivov,

but

ibid,

just

below:

\îAoi

XXot

.

.

. vv

Sopariotj

f^copow.

4-4-

2:

TOI/

7rr/\oi>

.

. .

ewe

roO

j/coroi;

((fofpov, TJiey

car-

ried

the

clay

upon

their

backs.

6,

44,

2

:

dyopa

ovSe

iioret,

i;8art

8e >cal

oppw.

8,

96,

5

:

St(i


37/208

DH'ERGEXT

PLURAL

EXPRESSIONS

23

45.

Plural

of

Abstract

Nouns

:

DEM.

[26],

19:

8111

TIIS

rovroif

iiirovoias.

38.

21

:

(f>ovm

Ka\ v

t

-ipnt,

.}fur-

ders

and

outrages.

[4-]-

8:

irtpl

Tv

aKovi

tn

f%ti

(sc.

T

\f\6ivTu)

viro^flus

Kal

dvriXafius.

XKN. Hell.

6,

3.

8:

fotKart

rvpnvvitri

p.u\\ov

//

TroXtrrtat;

j/^il/iffoi.

THUC.

6,

77-

'

Afo/'rii/a) / T

^vyytvUiv

KiiToiKitrf

i

y

Kca;

. .

.

(IKOITI

TT/JOT T//

(overt).

AK.

Av.

55^~9-

T(

'

u

'

AXx/i^var

.

. .

r


38/208

24

GREEK

SYNTAX

tions.

irvpol,

ivJicat

(grains),

icpi9ai,

barley

(corns),

Kpe'a

(pieces

of)

meat,

SXs

(grains

of)

salt.

ijuXa,

irvpovs,

DEM.

19,

145; }Vood,

wheat.

DEM.

19.

145

(see

above).

19,

189:

TTOV

8'

oXfj;

19,

191

:

TOVS

iiXas.

PLATO,

Conv.

217

D

:

SieXeyo/^j/

irappat

riav

vvxTtov,

Till

late in

the

night

(watches).

Prot.

318

E:

XoytTôi/s (computations)

re KCU

aa-rpwo-

Huiv

.

. .

8i8ii(rKoi>Tfs.

Rpb.

37-C:

a\as. Ibtd.()2.l

B-

fj.((ras

VVKT as

y(ve(r6ai

(SO

regularly

piaai

VVKTCS).

X.KN. An.

6,

4>

6:

Kpidas

Kal

Trvpovs

.

. .

KOI

fj.{\ivas

Kal

(Trj(rap.a

KTC.

Cyr.

2,

2,

2

:

Kpea

. .

.

Tpia.

Hell.

3, 3,

7

:

v\a.

THUG.

4.

1

6,

I

:

8vo

xoiviKas

.

. .

dX^/rwj/.

6,

22:

Trvpovs

KCU

nf

87,

I

:

ot

.

.

.

17X101

(ffcat

of

the sun

on

successive

days).

HlJT.

4,

8:

UTTO

f]Xiov

di/aToXewv,

and

SO

dvaroXai

elsewhere.

7,

30:

\ifj.vrji'

(K

Ttjs

(IX

es

yivovrat.

AR.

Pax,

192:

ro

Kpfa

TCIVT'I,

and

Kpe'a

very

often

in

Aristophanes.

Av.

622

:

Kpidds,

Trvpovs.

Ibid.

626

:

Trvpovs

oXiyovs.

EUR.

Cycl.

122

:

yaXa/cri

Kal

Tvpolfri

(sc.

^coo-i).

El.

652:

rj\iovs,days.

SOPH.

Tr.

1053-4:

('K

fj.fv

e'trâras

|

/3f/3/ja)ce

criipKas.

AESCHYI,.

Eum.

254:

oa-fif]

jSporfimv

alâruiv.

PlND.fr.

168

Bgk.

4

:

aapKaiv

.

. .

Ivoirav.

HOM.

Od.

4,

604:

TTupo/,

and forms of

TTU/JOI

elsewhere.

9,

219

and

225

:

Tvpaiv.

II,

123

and

23,

270:

dXecrtri,

but

17,

455

^

/

*

lv

^' (

'^

a

8oirjs.

18,

77:

(T


39/208

PLURAL

FOR

SINGULAR

25

THUG.

I,

31,

3:

(t TUS

'\6ijvas.

2,8,

I

:

tv

rals

'.\0i')vais.

Hl)T.

1

,60:

'\0f)vat.

AK. Nub.

207

:

atfo

p.tt>

'\6qvai.

EUR.

I.

T. 1087

:

fit

rat

\\di

t

vns.

SOPH.

O.

C.

107-8:

i . . .

'A0>ai.

AESCHYL. Pers.

231

:

ras

'\d ]vas.

PlNO.

P.

7,

I

:

ni

^fyi'

itpdatv.

Ho.M.

Od.

II,

323:

\\6r)vdvv

i(pda>i>.

II.

2,

546

:

Atfr/i/flj

tt^ov.

50.

Parts

of

the

Human

Body

:

PLATO,

Prot.

352

A:

Wi

81]

pm

(iTroKaXv^ns

Kal

ra

ari^r;

ois,

Time.

I,

112.

5;

And

having

niiidc themselves

masters

of

the

sane/nary

at

/V/////

{amiig

the

Delphian*},

they

handed

it

wer

/ t/ie

Delphian*.

DEM.

19,

65:

fiv

AfX(^)ouv.

21.

51

:

f

'

K

A\(^>WI/


40/208

26

GREEK

SYNTAX

IsOC.

9,

2/

:

6f\s

fls

SdXov?

rfjs

PLATO,

Legg.

738

C:

e'

AeXcp&Jj/

^

AcoScoi'T;?,

and

similarly

forms

of

AeXcpot

often.

XEX. An.

I,

2,

24:

eV

SoXoiy

/cm eV

'lacrols.

I, 2,

26:

TV/I/

re TrdXtv

roi>?

Taptroiiy

8ir]piracra.v.

3,

I,

5

:

eX&Jwa

ft?

AeXcpovy,

and

similarly

forms

of

AeXw

elsewhere.

THUC.

i,

112,

5

(see

above).

6,

3, 3

:

Aeoi/riVovs.

HDT.

i,

14:

eV

AeX(pouj,

and

similarly

often.

52.

PLURALIS

MAIESTATIS.

The

use

of

the

plural

often

gives

the

idea of

fulness

(oy/cos);

cf.

AK.

Rhet.

3,

6,

Ps.

-

Longin.

23;

hence

it

is

often

used

in

poetry,

e.

g.

86p.oi,

apartments

;

peyapa,

halls

;

yd/j-oi,

nuptial

rites

;

Tav

avrov.

HDT.

3,

IO

;

f

Tc'ifprj

(v

Tr/tri

Ta(pi]

(Ti

.

. .

TUS

avTos

oiKoSo/j.rja'aTO.

5'

63

'

Ta(j)aL.

AK. Ach.

450: dirv

(parod.).

456:

Sd/xcoj/ (parod.).

Vesp.

IO26:

TraiSi'x'

(avrov.

Pax,

I2o6: crm . .

.

fls TOVS

ydpovs.

Av.

132:

eVnai/

ydfiovs.

Ran.

423:

ev

ra'is

Ta(pui(ri (parod.).

EUR.

Hipp.

II

:

'iTrTrdXuros',

ayvov

Ylirdiws TrniS

t

iip.ara.

Ion,

192:

XP

V

~

crocus

apTTtus.

Or.

1053:

fj.i>rjfj,a

. . .

K(8pov

T(

-^VIKT

para.

SOPH.

Ai.

231

: Kf^atixns

i(pf(rii>.

Ibid.

1090

and

1109:

fls

rcKpi'is,

tomb.

O.

R.

825:

ydpois,

and sim. elsewhere. Ibid.

861 :

uo/ifi/

t\

ftunovs.

Ibid.

1006: o-oi;

TT/JOS-

fid/ious

f\6t>vTos.

So

Sd/xoi

and

forms

very

often.

Ph.

35-6:

AESCHYL.

Ag.

1265

:

o-K^Trrpn.

P.

V.

909-10:

fovf

vcriv

Kicropos

wpfavofjuti.

Hec.

4

02

~3

:

*'

tri>

Trai

\afpTiov,

| ^(iXa

TOKtixrtv

(SC.

*Eai,3//)

fucurco?

dufJuivfjLtvtuy.

I.

A.

1015:

iKfTtv

fKftvov

TrpTa

fj.1)

KTfivtiv

T

(

K

v

d

(so.

l(piyt'vfiav).

SOPH.

O. T.

I

184-5 Tifanrp-at

. .

vv

ols

(SC.

TJJ

fj.rjrpi)

r

|

ov

xpijv

o/iiXcov

OVS

(SC.

TOV

naT(pa)

T(

fJ.'

OVK

(8(1

KT(ltHj)l>.

PlND.

P.

3i

66: (o~Xolo~i.

irapao'xdv

dvftpdcriv

(SC.

'if'pcavi).

54.

FIRST

PERSON

PLURAL FOR

THE

FIRST PERSON

SINGULAR.

The

use

of

the first

person

plural

for

the

first

person singular

is

due

to

modesty,

which

readily

becomes

affectation. The

particular

is

sunk in

the

generic,

the

individual

in

the

class,

the

woman

in

her

male

kindred.

It

occurs less

frequently

in

Greek

than in

the more

rhetorical

Latin.

ISOC.

[l],

II :

(TTtXtTToi

8

av

fjfMas

o

iras

xpovos,

(i

irafj.((rdii

|

Tlvdiq

\^f)(^)to

KpHTr/ddtr',

tuSoTOS

8(

yiyvofuu.

I. A.

823-4

(see

55)-

Ibid.

1025-6:

f]i>

8'

av

TI

p.f) irpua-(Tv

yd>

6i\o>

(Klytaemestra),

|

nov

o-'

avdis

o\/fd/if

a-da

;

(to

Achilles).

Med.

314

-3i

5

(see ss).

SOPH.

Ant.

926

(see

55).

El.

399

(//;/>/.).

Tr.

491-2

(ibid.}.

PIND.

See

com

m. on

P.

4.

27.

HOM. Od. 1

6,

44~5

'

*l~i

liv

'

fjl*fis

8(

Ka\ oAXo^t

8ijop.(v

(ftprjv |

.

II.

3.

44O- Ibid.

13.

257~8:

rd

vv

ytip

KaTiap.(i>,

np\v

(^((TKOV,

|

dcnri8a

^rjicfxt^oio

fi


42/208

28

GREEK

SYNTAX

to

sing,

and fem.

sing,

attribute.)

Cf.

I. A.

823-4:

ov

Bavâ

tr'

17 pas

(Kly-

taemestra)

dyvotlv,

ois

p.rj Trdpos

\

TrpocriJKfs.

Med.

3

I

4~5

Ka

'

y P

^StK^/ae-

v

01

(SC.

Medea)

|

criyrjcr6p.fcr6a,

KpfLcrcrdvcov viKutfitvoi.

SoPH.

Ant.

926

:

TradovTf

s

tiv

vyyi>olp,fv

(SC.

Antigone)

âpr^KoTes,

(Only)

wJicn I have

met

my

doom,

shall I awake to

consciousness

of

sin.

El.

399: Trecrovfjif

0'

(SC. Electra),

ei

XP'h

7m

r

p'

rtîiopoy/xe

i>ot,

I'll

fall,

if

fall

I

must,

avenger

to

my

father.

Tr.

491-2:

KOVTOI

vdaov

y

eVaKToj/

tâpov-

|

dtolcri

dvcrpaxovv

res

(SC.

Delaneira).

56.

SINGULAR

IN

A

COLLECTIVE

SENSE.

The

singular

is

sometimes

used

in a

collective

sense.

s,

vinc(yard)

;

ap-yvpos,

silver-plate )

;

TJ

iirirosi

cavalry

;

^

Kap.t]\os

(HDT.),

camelry,

etc.

LVCURG.

79-

Tp'

a

yap

fcmv

e^

(W

r/

TroXtreia

a-vvfarrjKf

v,

6

ap\a>v,

6

81-

K(l

3-

T

'-

/

iroXep-iov

dfivortpov eo(j.fv.

4,

90,

2:

a/iTreXoi/

KOTTToi/rey

.

. . (cat

A/$ot>?

fi'/Lta

(cat

Tv\ivdov

.

. .

KadaipovvTfs.

5,

IO,

9:

)J

XaA(Ctt(o)

tTTTTOS.

6,

24.

3

^*

TTO\VS

OfjLl\OS

(Cat

(TTpllTlddTT]

S.

HDT.

i,

80:

rrj

8f

Kap,i]\a>

twea-dtu.

i,

174

:

7roXX

4

^

^ftpi

(sim.

elsewhere).

5,

30:

o(cra*ct(r^tXi';7i>

auTTt'Sa.

7>

'93

r

Kvp.a.

8,

113:

T/)I/

tmrov

rip

^tXt'r;i'

.

.

.

TJJl/

(lX\T]l>

ITT7TOV.

AR.

Ran.

1466:

6

diKna-Trjs.

EUR.

Heracl.

275-6

:

7roXX;)i/

. . .

alxf-^v.

Ibid.

337

:

TroXX?/

.

. .

x

f

'P'-

/^V/.

1035:

x

f

P''

Med.

86:

TTUS

TIS

avruv

TOV

it(\as

(/i

is

neighbor}

/xaXXoi/

0tXei

(as

in

English).

Plioen.

78:

TroXX^j/

. .

.

o-7ri'8().

//;/V/.

441-2

:

pvpiav

liyutv

I

Xoy^î>.

fr.

243

N

2

:

oXtyov

akxifjiov

86pv.

SOPH.

O.

C.

1251

:

Si'tKpvov.

AKSCHVL.

fr.

304,

7

N

2

:

o-ra^vy

(sim.

elsewhere in

tragedy).

PlN'D.

O.

7.

'9

:

'Apye/a

o-uj/

al\fia..

IIoM.

()d.

i,

162

:

(cC'/ia.

II.

4,

422

:

(cCyxa,

and

sim.

elsewhere.

In

5,

490:

VVKTHS

rt

Km

âp,

and

elsewhere,

vP'P

'

s an

adverbial

expression.

16,

n :

fi(i(c/)i;oi/

(more

than

one

tear

is

shed,

as

is shown

by

8uKpva

Otpfia

\iu>v

u>s

re

Kpi]v>] fj.t\dw8pos,

v.

3),

and

sim.

SaKpvov

elsewhere

in II. and ()d.

57.

Those

Nations

whose

names

are thus used

are

chiefly

barbaric

despotisms

( as

one

man ):

6

Ilc'pcrr)?,

tJic

Persian;

6

AvSos,

the

Lyitian( \\\v

Ilivite and

the

Hittite );

6

MaKcSiiv

(DEM.

in

con-


43/208

SJ.\'CL'LA/l

J-'OK

PLURAL

29

tempt).

Thucydides,

however,

6

'Aerjvaios,

the

Athenian;

6

ZvpaKo-

o-tos,

the

Syracnsan.

DEM.

I,

23*

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Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek

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Transcript of Gildersleeve Syntax of Classical Greek