Vov\

GILDERSLEEVE'S

LATIN

GRAMMARBY

THIRD EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED

B. L.

GILDERSLEEVEAND

PROFESSOR OP GREEK IN THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY

GONZALEZ LODGEASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OP LATIN IN BRYN

MAWR

COLLEGE

3Lont0n

M ACM ILL AN AND1903

CO., LIMITED

PREFACE.THEfirst

edition of this;

LATIN GRAMMAR appeared

in

the third edition, carefully revised and very much enlarged, is herewith presented to the public. In the preparation of this third edition the office of the1867, the second in 1872senior collaborator has been chiefly advisory, except in the In the syntax nearly everything that pertains to Syntax.

the history of usage has been brought together by Professor LODGE ; but for all deviations from the theory of former editions we bear a joint responsibility.

A manual that has held its place, however modest, for more than a quarter of a century, hardly needs an elaborate but as the new gramexposition of the methods followed;

mar embraces a multitudeup in the old grammar,fessorit

of details that were not

taken

LODGE

has been thought fit that Proshould indicate the sources of the notes withB. L. GlLDERSLEEVE.

which he has enriched the original work.

GONZALEZ LODGE.August1,

1895.

THE following supplementary note may serve to embody a partial bibliography of the more important works used in this revision, andsome necessary explanations of the method Fairly complete bibliographies of works on Latin Etymology and Syntax may be found in REISIG'S Vorlesungen uber lateinische Sprachwissenschaft (new edition, by HAGEN, SCHMALZ, and LANDGRAF, 1881-1888), and in the Lateinische Grammatik of STOLZ and SCHMALZ (in MULLER'S Handbuch der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft; 3d:

Important also are the Grammars of KUHNER (1877, (1881, 1882) though many statements in both, but especially in the former, must be corrected in the light of more recent Some indications of more modern theories may be found in study.edition, 1890).

1878)

* and

ROBY

;

*

A new Historical

Grammar, by STOLZ, SCHMALZ, LANDGRAF, and WAQENEK, wasin 1891

announced by TKUBNEK

IV

PKEFACE.

the Erlduterungen zur lateinischen Grammatik of DEECKE (1893). Many matters of importance both in Etymology and Syntax are treated in the Archiv fur lateinische Lexicographie, and the constructions with individual

words are often well discussed in KEEBS' Anti-

barbarus der lateinischen Sprache (6th edition, by SCHMALZ, 1886). For the accentuation and pronunciation of Latin we have also CORSSEN'S Aussprache, Vocalismus und Betonung der lateinischen1870), and SEELMANN'S Die Aussprache des Latein (1885). For the Etymology we must refer to BUCHELER'S Grundriss der lateinischen Declination (3d edition, by WINDEKILDE, 1879) and to

Sprache (1868,

SCHWEIZER-SIDLER'S Lateinische Grammatik (1888) also to many articles in various journals, most of which are given by STOLZ. Indispensable is NEUE'S Formenlehre der lateinischen Sprache, of which the;

second volume of the third edition has already appeared (1892) and the

volume (1894), under the careful revision of GEOEGES' Lexikon der lateinischen Wortformen (1890). For the Formation of Words and the relation of Latin forms to those of the related languages we have HENRY'S Precis de Grammaire Comparee and BRUGMANN'S Grundriss der vergleichenden Grammatik, both now accessible in translations. On these, in connection with SCHWEIZERSIDLEE, the chapter on the Formation of Words has been based. In the historical treatment of the Syntax we must still rely in large measure on DRAEGER'S Historische Syntax der lateinischen Sprachefirst

parts of the thirdalso

WAGENEE;

(2d edition, 1878, 1881), faulty and inaccurate though it often is : many of the false statements have been corrected on the basis of more

by SCHMALZ but even SCHMALZ is not always and many statements of his treatise have been silently emended For the theoretical study of some problems of in the present book.recent individual studiescorrect,;

Latin Syntax HAASE'S Vorlesungen uber lateinische Sprachwissenschaft Since the appearance of the second (1880) should not be overlooked. edition of SCHMALZ, in 1890, considerable progress has been made in the various journals and other publications, as may be seen from DEECKE'S summary in BURSIAN'S Jahresbericht for 1893. Every efforthas been made to incorporate in this grammar the main results of these studies as far as practicable. may also draw attention to the following important articles, among others, some of which are

We

mentioned in the books above referred to WOLFFLIN'S numerous articles in the Archiv ; THIELMANN'S articles in the Archiv on habSre with Perfect Participle Passive, and on the Reciprocal Relation LANDGRAF'S articles on the Figura Etymologica, in the second volume of the Acta Seminarii Erlangensis, and on the Future Participle and the Final Dative, in the Archiv; BALE'S treatise on The Cum Constructions, attacking the theories of HOFFMANN (Lateinische Zeitpartikeln, 1874) and LUBBERT (Die Syntax von Quom, 1869),: ;

PREFACE.HOFFMANN'S replyto

V

and WETZEL'S Der Streit zwischen DAHL'S Die lateinische Partikel ut (1882), with GUTJAHR-PROBST'S Der Oebrauch von ut bei Terenz (1888) ZIMMERMANN'S article on quod und quia im alteren Latein (1880) SCHERER'S article on quando, in Studemund's Studien ; MORRIS'S articles on the Sentence Question in Plautus and Terence in the A.J.P. (vols. x. and HALE'S articles on the Sequence of Tenses in the A.J.P. (vols. viii. xi.)(1891),

HALE

HOFFMANN und HALE

(1892)

;

;

;

;

containing a discussion of the earlier Literature ELMER'S on the Latin Prohibitive in A.J.P. (vol. xv.) A bibliography of the treatises on Prosody and Versification may be found in GLEDITSCH'S treatise in the second volume of MULLER'S Handbuch ; this, with PLESSIS' Metrique Orecque et Latine (1889), has been made the basis of the chapter on Prosody but in the treatment of early metres, regard has been had to KLOTZ (Altromische JUetrik, 1890), and to LINDSAY'S recent papers on the Saturnian in the A.J.P. In the matter of the order of words we have followed (vol. xiv.). WEIL'S treatise on the Order of Words, translated by SUPER (1887). The question of the correct measurement of hidden quantities is for the sake of consistency the usage still an unsettled one in Latinix.),;

and

articles

;

;

die Aussprache der lateinischen Vokale in positionslangen Silben (2d edition, 1889) has been followed. The quotations have been made throughout from the Teubner Textof

MARX, Hulfsbuchlein fur

editions except as follows : Plautus is cited from the Triumvirate edition of RITSCHL Vergil from the Editio Maior of RIBBECK ; Ovid and Terence from the Tauchnitz Texts ; Horace from the Editio Minor;

KELLER and HOLDER Lucretius from the edition of MUNRO; Ennius and Lucilius from the editions of L. MULLER fragmentary Scenic Poets from the edition of RIBBECK. Special care has been taken to make the quotations exact both in spelling and wording and any variation in the spelling of individual words is therefore due to the texts from which the examples are drawn.of;

;

;

Where it has been necessary to modify the quotations in order to make them suitable for citation, we have enclosed within squarebrackets words occurring in different form in the text, and in parentheses words that have been inserted ; where the passage would not yield to such treatment, Cf. has been inserted before the reference.

We have not thought it necessary to add the references in the Prosody except in the case of some of the citations from early Latin. In the spelling of Latin words used out of quotation, as a rule uand v have been followed by o rather than by u but here the requirements of clearness and the period of the language have often been allowed to weigh. Otherwise we have followed in the main BRAM