GHG Inventory System in Albania Ermira Fida, MBA Mirela Kamberi, MSc Climate Change Unit/Program...

GHG Inventory System in Albania

Ermira Fida, MBAMirela Kamberi, MSc

Climate Change Unit/Program

VERTIC/REC UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol Workshop

Budapest, Hungary

9 – 10 October, 2006

Albania & UNFCCC• Joined the UNFCCC in 1995

• Non-Annex I Party to the UNFCCC

• Joined the Kyoto Protocol on 16 December 2004

• INC completed on July 2002• Submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat• Launched at COP8, India.

• Technology Needs Assessment completed on November 2004

• SNC started (March 2005)• Stocktaking exercise completed • SNC Project Document approved from

GEF• GHG inventory under preparation• Vulnerability and adaptation analysis

under preparation

Why National Communications?Article 4• …to develop, periodically update,

publish and make available to the COP, national inventories of anthropogenic emissions of GHGs…

• …to formulate, implement publish, and regularly update national and where appropriate, regional programs containing measures to mitigate climate change and to facilitate adaptation to climate change…

• …to communicate to the COP, through the Secretariat, the above elements

UNFCCC

Institutional capacity for NCs• Relies upon the responsibility

of the Climate Change Unit:• Based under the Ministry of

Environment of Albania• Responsible for managements

and implementation of UNDP-GEF portfolio for climate change

• Responsible for implementation of the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol.

Institutional framework for NCs

Manager of UNDP-GEF

Climate Change Program

UNDP-RBECUNDP-GEF

NCSP

UNDP Albania

Inventory Abatement V&A Mainstreaming

MoETE

Technical teams Institutions, NGO, Ministries

MoAFCP

EESD

Hydromet

INSTAT

others

Ministry of Environment, Forests &

Water Management

UNDP-GEF climate change portfolio

Projects ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ’07..

INCTNAReg.GHG InvStock-takeSNCSolar PDF BGlobal SWH ProjectAdapt. PDF A (pipeline)

Executive Summary

Country Profile

GHG inventory

Vulnerability and adaptation

Public awareness, training, …

Problems, constraints

References

Abatement analysis

National Climate Action Plan

Content of the Albania’s INC

Country Profile

Square Demography Economy

Energy

Agriculture

LivestockEducationTourism

Climate

Water

Geography

Environment

Forests

Industry

Transport

GHG inventory: the scope

GHG emissionsALBANIA

CO2 CH4N2O CO NMVOCNOx

Energy

Agriculture

Industry

Forests

Waste

Solvents

CO2/GDP

CO2/capita

KeySources

Data gaps

Uncertainty

CO2/GDP

1994 base year1990-1994

(CO2 /energy)

GHG inventory: the approach

• 10/CP2 & draft revised UNFCCC guidelines:• Old GEF operational guidelines for Expedited

Procedures for NC for NAI Parties. • Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines• CORINAIR

• Classification of Solvents

• IPCC default EFs• Country specific EFs

• EF(wood stoves, industrial boilers• classification of fruit trees

• IPCC Good Practice Guidance • Uncertainty estimates• Key sources

GHG inventory: Main findings

CH430.49%

N2O4.19%

CO265.32%

Industrial Process.

2.96%

Agricult. 27.12%

Waste 4.81%

Energy 44.00% LUC&For

estry 21.60%

•[7061.45 Gg] CO2 eqv emissions total

•CO2 - the main GHG

•Energy sector –the main source category•Forest sector – GHG emitter rather than sink

GHG inventory: main indicators

19.80

12.00

10.50

9.20

8.60

8.40

7.50

7.10

6.60

3.11

1.97

1.30

USA

Denmark

Germany

UK

Japan

European Union

Greece

Austria

Italy

Fyrom

Albania

Armenia

CO2/Capita

6876

3758

2437

1026

650

595

560

539

510

391

362

361

Armenia

Albania

Fyrom

Greece

USA

UK

Germany

European Union

Japan

Italy

Austria

Denmark

CO2/GDP

05

101520253035404550556065707580859095

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

CH

4 e

nte

ric f

erm

en

t.

CO

2 –

fu

el w

ood

CO

2-f

uel

com

bu

sti

on

in

in

du

str

y

CO

2-f

uel

com

bu

sti

on

in

en

erg

y

CO

2-f

uel

com

bu

sti

on

in

tr

an

sp

ort

CH

4-w

aste

22%

21%

14%

11%8%

4%

CO

2 –

ag

ricu

ltu

re

2%

GHG inventory – Key sources

Phase II – Tech. Needs Assessment• Complementary to the Albania’s INC• Reviewed measures proposed under INC in the light of

new socio-economic developments and priorities.• Scope of assessment:

• GHG abatement • Energy , Transport, LUCF, Waste, Agriculture

• Adaptation • Coastal area

• Approach used:• UNDP-GEF handbook for TNA

• Multi criteria analysis , weights and scores.• Other country experiences

• Main output:• Albania’s TNA report • Priority technology needs for each sector under assessment• A package of project idea notes

SNC: What is new?• National Circumstances

• Update the socio-economic development profile

• GHG inventory• Base year 2000• Time-series 1994-2000• Improved data (through UNDP-GEF regional

project)• Reduced uncertainties

• GHG abatement• Update the INC scenarios • Extended scenarios: 2005-2025

• V&A• Utilize the Adaptation Policy Framework• Focused on a priority system: Drini River

Cascade

• NIS and GHG inventory in Albania:

• before the start up of the Regional Project on Improvement of the GHG Inventory;

• at the end of the Regional Project on Improvement of the GHG Inventory

Regional Project on Improvement of the GHG

Inventory

Recalling that:

A National Inventory System (NIS) is a set of relations / network between people and institutions to ensure:• Availability of the GHG inventory• Sustainability of the GHG inventory

process• Consistency of reported emission

estimates• Standard quality results

NIS documentation before the

regional project• Inventory documents

• Albania’s First National Communication• GHG inventory chapter for 1994

• GHG inventory report• A simple report which has been extracted to

produce the GHG inventory chapter for FNC

• Inventory “round” documents• Manual• QA/QC• GHG improvement strategy• Archiving

Almost missing !!

GHG inventory activity data sources

• No “statistical office” for activity collection and provision for the purpose of GHG inventory. • INSTAT and different line ministries and

institutes provide data upon our request.• On 1994 INSTAT set up the Business Register of

economic enterprises on the basis of the activity and number of employees. .

GHG inventory activity data flow

ENERGY &

TRANSPORT

(sectors)

INDUSTRY &

SOLVENT

(sectors)

AGRICULTURE

(sector)

LUCF

(sector)

WASTE

(sector)

GHG

INVENTORY

TEAM

TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS FOR

YEAR 1994

National Agency of

Energy

Ministry of Industry

and Energy

INSTAT

Ministry of Economy

Ministry of

Agriculture and Food

Institute of

Veterinary

Ministry of

Agriculture and Food

Institute of Forestry

National Agency of

Environment

Regional Agencies of

Environment

Ministry of Territory

INSTAT

GHG inventory-Data Gaps

• Inconsistency or/and low level of disaggregating of AD to the IPCC format • transport, energy consumption in industry,

wood biomass burned for energy,…

• High variability of AD among ’90s due to the transition phase • transport, fuel consumption in industry,

agriculture

• Lack of reported data from the private activities• lime production, livestock breeding,

biomass burned for energy

GHG inventory-level of uncertainty

Overall uncertainty of GHG inventory 19.2% Significant contributor – fuel wood with 79.2%;

The total combined uncertainty (CO2) – 19.4% Significant contributor – LUCF with 95.6%;

The total combined uncertainty (CH4) – 55.8% Significant contributor - enteric fermentation

with 47%;

The total combined uncertainty (N2O) – 391% Significant contributor – stationary fuel

combustion, energy manufacturing and construction industries, with 353%.

Albania’s NIS documentation at the end

of the regional project

• Inventory documents • Improved inventory for key sources

(regional)• Improved AD (1994-2000) for key sources

• GHG national inventory report• A detailed NIR

• Inventory “round” documents• Manual of procedures

• QA/QC • Archiving

• GHG improvement strategy

Improvement of GHG inventory

• How?

• Use data/inventories from other projects / studies

• Apply correlation, interpolation, extrapolation when judged that gives trustable results •Survey method to be used under SNC

phase.

National Inventory Report

• A detailed National Inventory

Report• Emission estimates• Categories, sectors• Methodology used for estimates• Data available, • Data gaps, barriers• Key sources• Uncertainty level• Annexes

Manual of procedures

• Institutional arrangements for GHG

inventory• Sources of data for each category• Planning/steps of an inventory cycle• Reporting format for inventory• Methodology to perform an inventory• Methodology to fill data gaps• QA/QC plan• Other relevant documentation • Annexes

Strategy for improvement of inventory

• Short-term strategy-(2004-2006)

• Regional project strategy •Collect new data when exist, develop

methodology to fill data gaps when do not exist

• Mid-term Strategy-(2006 – 2009)• SNC /Second GHG inventory project

strategy•Use new data and the soft methodology

developed under the regional project.

Archiving…

•

MODULE ENERGY

SUBMODULE CO2 FROM ENERGY SOURCES (REFERENCE APPROACH)

WORKSHEET 1-1

SHEETS 1 OF 5

COUNTRY ALBANIA

YEAR 1994

STEP 1

A B C

Production Imports Exports

FUEL TYPES Documentation of Activity Data related with Production

Documentation of Activity Data

related with Imports

Documentation of Activity Data related with

Exports Liquid Fossil Primary Fuels Crude Oil 486.23 Based in the NEB 0 Based in the NEB 0 Based in the NEB

Orimulsion 0 Based in the NEB 1.2 Based in the NEB 0 Based in the NEB Natural Gas Liquids 0 Based in the NEB 0 Based in the NEB 0 Based in the NEB

Secondary Fuels Gasoline 23.54 Based in the NEB 0 Based in the NEB Jet Kerosene 20.268 Based in the NEB 0 Based in the NEB Other Kerosene 34.511 Based in the NEB 0 Based in the NEB Shale Oil 0 Based in the NEB 0 Based in the NEB Gas / Diesel Oil 164.79 Based in the NEB 0 Based in the NEB Residual Fuel Oil 0 Based in the NEB 0 Based in the NEB LPG 19.8 Based in the NEB 0 Based in the NEB

Archiving…

•

CO2 FROM ENERGY SOURCES (REFERENCE APPROACH)

STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4

H I J K

Apparent Carbon Emission Carbon Content Carbon Content

Consumption Factor(TJ) (t C/TJ) (t C) (Gg C)

H=(FxG) Documentation of Carbon Emission Factor J=(HxI) K=(J/1000)

20,843.71 20 Based in Table 1-2, Volume II, page 1-6 related with CEF 416,874.15 416.87

51.44 0.00 0.00

0.00 17.2 Based in Table 1-2, Volume II, page 1-6 related with CEF 0.00 0.00

1,009.11 18.9 Based in Table 1-2, Volume II, page 1-6 related with CEF 19,072.23 19.07



0.00 0.00 0.00



848.79 17.2 Based in Table 1-2, Volume II, page 1-6 related with CEF 14,599.13 14.60

Other achievements

• Increasing the number of the inventory experts• from 5 to 11

• Training of inventory experts on GPG • Training of trainers

• Increased level of awareness on climate change issues and GHG inventory• Inventory component has been addressed under the

Article 6 Project funded by UNEP• Survey: 40% of interviewed people knows about

National Communication and likely the same share knows GHG inventory as well.

• Communication strategy• Competition for posters• National stakeholders workshop

• Presentation of regional project results has been made

• Regional Project related information can be accessed under the national web page.

Improvement of the inventory

case of waste category

FNC figures for 1994, WASTE

Urban & Rural Albanian population: General Registration 1990

y = 29457x - 6E+07R 2 = 0.9977

y = 31259x - 6E+07R 2 = 0.9985

y = 60716x - 1E+08R 2 = 0.9999

0200000400000600000800000

1000000120000014000001600000180000020000002200000240000026000002800000300000032000003400000360000038000004000000

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

ALBANIA urbanrural Linear (urban)Linear (rural) Linear (ALBANIA)

Urban & Rural population: General Registration 1990 & 1999

y = 14355x - 3E+07R2 = 0.7644

y = 60716x - 1E+08R2 = 0.9999

02000004000006000008000001000000120000014000001600000180000020000002200000240000026000002800000300000032000003400000360000038000004000000420000044000004600000

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 20012002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Albania registration 1990, INSTAT - population 1990-1999Albania Cencus, INSTAT - 2001Linear (Albania Cencus, INSTAT - 2001)Linear (Albania registration 1990, INSTAT - population 1990-1999)

Urban population: General Registration of 1990 & 1999

y = 29457x - 6E+07R 2 = 0.9977

y = 36338x - 7E+07R 2 = 0.9863

010000020000030000040000050000060000070000080000090000010000001100000120000013000001400000150000016000001700000180000019000002000000

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Albania Urban registration 1990, INSTAT - population 1990-1999Albania Urban Cencus, INSTAT - 2001

Linear (Albania Urban registration 1990, INSTAT - population 1990-1999)Linear (Albania Urban Cencus, INSTAT - 2001)

Rural population: General Registration of 1990 & 1999

y = 31259x - 6E+07R 2 = 0.9985

y = -14845x + 3E+07R 2 = 0.9536

0100000200000300000400000500000600000700000800000900000

10000001100000120000013000001400000150000016000001700000180000019000002000000210000022000002300000240000025000002600000

1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Albania Rural registration 1990, INSTAT - population 1990-1999Albania Rural Cencus, INSTAT - 2001

Linear (Albania Rural registration 1990, INSTAT - population 1990-1999)Linear (Albania Rural Cencus, INSTAT - 2001)

Urban population: Correction based in General Registrations of 1990 & 1999

Breakdown of Albanian population to each administrative division for the year 1994

Administrative division, 1994 rural

Districts Urban rural pure urban small towns

pure rural total urban

Berat 39320 86143 27524 5169 80974 32693 Bulqize 8632 34308 8632 0 34308 8632 Delvine 3616 6933 3616 0 6933 3616 Devoll 5836 29110 5836 0 29110 5836 Diber 12179 74940 12179 2248 72692 14428 Durres 98426 71549 78741 5724 65825 84465 Elbasan 83767 132951 83767 7977 124974 91744 Fier 65758 128874 65758 6444 122430 72202 Gramsh 9027 26274 9027 0 26274 9027 Gjirokaster 19762 34400 17786 2064 32336 19850 ……. ….. …. …. …. … …. Tirana 305264 175720 305264 2636 173085 307900 Tropoje 6475 21479 6475 0 21479 6475 Vlore 73398 64605 66058 3230 61375 69288 Albania 1120000 1860000 1054620 65969 1794031 1120588

Average specific waste daily production after the corrected number of population for each city (kg/ day capita).

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Tirana 0.500 1.131 1.376 1.436 Durres 0.480 0.991 1.021 1.039 Vlore 0.480 1.232 1.103 1.121 Shkoder 0.470 1.120 0.960 0.998 Elbasan 0.470 0.954 0.919 0.957 Fier 0.480 0.910 0.937 1.014 Korce 0.470 1.048 1.080 1.135 Lezhe 0.420 0.755 0.759 0.866 Pogradec 0.420 1.048 0.930 1.036 Skrapar 0.400 0.723 0.743 0.779 Albania 0.469 1.062 1.117 1.166

Av. specific waste daily production after the corrected number of population (kg/day

capita)

Aver. spec. daily production of waste after the correction (kg/day capita).

y = 0.1182x - 234.68

R 2 = 0.9853

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.41.51.6

y = 0.074x - 146.72

R2 = 0.9759

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

y = 0.0642x - 127.31

R2 = 0.946

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

y = 0.0901x - 178.91

R2 = 0.9903

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.60.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

Tirana

Albania

Elbasan

Durres

Corrected figures

CH4 emissions from Waste

11.1765 Gg

13.9387 Gg

80.18%

100.00%

0.000.751.502.253.003.754.505.256.006.757.508.259.009.75

10.5011.2512.0012.7513.5014.2515.00

CH4 from Waste prepared on 2000 CH4 from Waste prepared on 2005

0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%55%60%65%70%75%80%85%90%95%100%105%110%115%120%

Gg/year for year 1994

Change between them, %

CH4 emissions from waste category

CH4 from Waste prepared on 2000 for the year 1994

CH4 from Waste prepared on 2005 for the year 1994

Gg/ year for year 1994

13.9387 11.1765

Change between them, % 100% 80.18%

N2O emissions from Waste

0.1424 Gg

0.1517 Gg

100.00%93.82%

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.12

0.13

0.14

0.15

0.16

N2O from Waste prepared on 2000 N2O from Waste prepared on 2005

0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%55%60%65%70%75%80%85%90%95%100%105%110%



N2O emissions from waste category

N2O from Waste prepared on 2000 for the year 1994

N2O from Waste prepared on 2005 for the year 1994

Gg/ year for year 1994 0.1517 0.1424 Change between them, % 100% 93.82%

CO2 eqv. emissions from Waste

278.84 Gg

339.75 Gg

100.00%

82.07%

0.012.525.037.550.062.575.087.5

100.0112.5125.0137.5150.0162.5175.0187.5200.0212.5225.0237.5250.0262.5275.0287.5300.0312.5325.0337.5350.0

CO2eq. from Waste prepared on 2000 CO2eq. from Waste prepared on 2005

0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%55%60%65%70%75%80%85%90%95%100%105%110%



CO2 equivalent emissions from waste category

CO2 equivalent from Waste prepared on 2000 for the year 1994

CO2 equivalent from Waste prepared on 2005 for the year 1994

Gg/ year for year 1994 340 279 Change between them, % 100% 82.07%

Follow up…

• Update the Meta documents under the SNC phase.

• Utilization of improved data for the SNC

phase

• Keep exchanging the information between the participating countries after the project closure

• Keep raising awareness on the importance of the NIS and GHG exercise.

Efforts in mainstreaming…

• National Communication process not only for reporting commitments under UNFCCC but for programming as well: • Major findings from INC/TNA addressed to the

National Energy Strategy that complements NSSED• Mobilizing resources to funding of priority

technologies• Energy efficiency (buildings) • Solar panels –HWS

• Raise awareness among policy makers on climate change

• Kyoto Protocol

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

http//www.ccalb.org

GHG Inventory System in Albania Ermira Fida, MBA Mirela Kamberi, MSc Climate Change Unit/Program...

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