G.E.SOCITIES COLLEGE OF G.E.SOCITIES COLLEGE OF

EDUCATION,SANGAMNEREDUCATION,SANGAMNER..

PROJECT ON:-PROJECT ON:-WASTE WATER MANAGEMENTWASTE WATER MANAGEMENT

STUDENT NAMESTUDENT NAME:-:- 1) PANSARE DEVRAM.J 1) PANSARE DEVRAM.J

2) POTE MOHIT.K2) POTE MOHIT.K..

ACADAMIC YEARACADAMIC YEAR:-:-2010-112010-11

POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

• PollutionPollution is the introduction of contaminants is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes into a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystemecosystem i.e. physical systems or living i.e. physical systems or living organisms.organisms.

• Pollution can take the form of Pollution can take the form of chemical substanceschemical substances or or energyenergy, such as noise, , such as noise, heat, or light. Pollutants, the elements of heat, or light. Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be foreign substances or pollution, can be foreign substances or energies.energies.

POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

• Air PollutionAir Pollution • Industrial Industrial wastewaterwastewater

Origins of sewage:-Origins of sewage:-

• Industrial waterIndustrial water

Origins of sewage:-Origins of sewage:-

• Household WasteHousehold Waste

Sewage treatmentSewage treatment

•Sewage sludge treatmentSewage sludge treatment

• Sewage is created:-Sewage is created:-

• Residential, institutional, and Residential, institutional, and commercial and industrial commercial and industrial establishments and includes establishments and includes household wastehousehold waste liquid from liquid from toiletstoilets, , bathsbaths, , showersshowers, , kitchenskitchens, , sinkssinks and so and so forth that is disposed of via forth that is disposed of via sewerssewers..

• The separation and draining of The separation and draining of household waste into household waste into greywatergreywater and and blackwaterblackwater

• Sewage sludge treatmentSewage sludge treatment

• Modern sewered developments tend Modern sewered developments tend to be provided with separate to be provided with separate storm drainstorm drain systems for rainwater. systems for rainwater.

• As rainfall travels over roofs and the As rainfall travels over roofs and the ground, it may pick up various ground, it may pick up various contaminants including contaminants including soilsoil particles particles and other and other sedimentsediment, , heavy metalsheavy metals, , organic compoundsorganic compounds, animal waste, , animal waste, and and oiloil and and greasegrease..

Sewage sludge treatmentSewage sludge treatment

• The sludges accumulated in a wastewater The sludges accumulated in a wastewater treatment process must be treated and treatment process must be treated and disposed of in a safe and effective manner.disposed of in a safe and effective manner.

• The purpose of digestion is to reduce the The purpose of digestion is to reduce the amount of amount of organic matterorganic matter and the number and the number of disease-causing of disease-causing microorganismsmicroorganisms present present in the solids. in the solids.

• The most common treatment options The most common treatment options include include anaerobic digestionanaerobic digestion, , aerobic digestionaerobic digestion, and , and compostingcomposting. . IncinerationIncineration is also used albeit to a much is also used albeit to a much

Process :-Process :-

Sewage treatment generally involves three stages:-

PrimarySecondary Tertiary treatment

Process flow diagramProcess flow diagram

Primary treatmentPrimary treatment

– Primary treatmentPrimary treatment consists of consists of temporarily holding the sewage in a temporarily holding the sewage in a quiescent basin where heavy solids can quiescent basin where heavy solids can settle to the bottom while oil, grease settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids float to the surface. and lighter solids float to the surface. The settled and floating materials are The settled and floating materials are removed and the remaining liquid may removed and the remaining liquid may be discharged or subjected to secondary be discharged or subjected to secondary treatment. treatment.

sedimentation tanksedimentation tank

sedimentation tanksedimentation tank

• Pre-treatment may include a sand or grit Pre-treatment may include a sand or grit channel or chamber channel or chamber

• where the velocity of the incoming where the velocity of the incoming wastewater is adjusted to allow the wastewater is adjusted to allow the settlement of sand, grit, stones, and settlement of sand, grit, stones, and broken glass. broken glass.

• These particles are removed because These particles are removed because they may damage pumps and other they may damage pumps and other equipment. equipment.

Secondary treatmentSecondary treatment Process Flow DiagramProcess Flow Diagram

Secondary treatmentSecondary treatment

• 1. Secondary treatment1. Secondary treatment removes removes dissolved and suspended biological dissolved and suspended biological matter.matter.

• 2. Secondary treatment is typically 2. Secondary treatment is typically performed by performed by indigenousindigenous, water-borne , water-borne micro-organisms in a managed habitat.micro-organisms in a managed habitat.

• 3. Secondary treatment may require a 3. Secondary treatment may require a separation process to remove the micro-separation process to remove the micro-organisms from the treated water prior to organisms from the treated water prior to discharge or tertiary treatment. discharge or tertiary treatment.

Secondary treatmentSecondary treatment

• Secondary treatmentSecondary treatment is designed is designed to substantially degrade the to substantially degrade the biological content.biological content.

• The The bacteriabacteria and and protozoaprotozoa consume consume biodegradable soluble organic biodegradable soluble organic contaminants .contaminants .

Secondary sedimentationSecondary sedimentation

Tertiary treatmentTertiary treatment

• Final treatment stage to raise the effluent quality Final treatment stage to raise the effluent quality before it is discharged to the receiving environment before it is discharged to the receiving environment

• FiltrationFiltration Sand filtrationSand filtration removes the residual suspended removes the residual suspended

mattermatter

• LagooningLagooning Settlement and further biological improvement Settlement and further biological improvement

through storage in large man-made ponds or through storage in large man-made ponds or lagoons. lagoons.

These lagoons are highly aerobic and colonization These lagoons are highly aerobic and colonization by native macrophytes. by native macrophytes.

Tertiary treatmentTertiary treatment

• Nutrient removal Nutrient removal Wastewater may contain high levels of the Wastewater may contain high levels of the

nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus. nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus.

• Nitrogen removalNitrogen removal The removal of nitrogen is effected through The removal of nitrogen is effected through

the biological oxidation of nitrogen from ammonia the biological oxidation of nitrogen from ammonia to nitrate (nitrification), followed by to nitrate (nitrification), followed by

denitrificationdenitrification. . Nitrogen gas is released to the Nitrogen gas is released to the atmosphere atmosphere

EnvironmentEnvironment