Gerunds & InfinitivesWeek 14, Wed 11/25/15

Todd Windisch, Fall 2015

Announcements

• Final Exam: MONDAY DEC 7th 1:30-4:00

• Computer lab on Wednesday:• Building 26B, Room 1555

Updated Schedule

• 11/25 : Final drafts of Writing Packet #4

• 11/30 : Review for final grammar, gerunds and infinitives quiz

• 12/2 : Writing Conferences• Extra credit for Writing Packet #3 due

• 12/7 : FINAL EXAM• Extra credit for Reading Response #2 & Writing Packet #4 due

Today’s Agenda

• Final Drafts

• Check HW / Go over quizzes

• Gerunds and infinitives (CONT’D)

• Writing Review

The Preposition “to”

• Be careful because “to” is a preposition, but it is also the beginning of an infinitive, which is a different verb form from gerunds.• I used to play baseball when I was young.

• Infinitive form

• I am used to sleeping with the window open.• Preposition + gerund

• I look forward to seeing the movie next weekend.• Preposition + gerund

• Exercise 8, p. 305• Use the chart on p. 302 to help you!

Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds (p. 307)

• Some verbs can only be followed by a gerund, not an infinitive• Enjoy• Quit• Finish• Avoid• Suggest• Stop

• Stop is followed by an infinitive when you are showing purpose• He stopped (in order) to get gas.

• Etc.

• “Go” (p. 309)• We follow “go” with a gerund to express many activities• What are some examples?

What’s an Infinitive? (p. 313)

• An infinitive is to + verb (base form)• When negative: not + to + verb (base form)

• There are two common patterns of verbs with infinitives:1. verb + infinitive

• I asked to go to the restroom.

• I want to help you with your homework.

2. verb + object + infinitive• The teacher doesn’t allow us to make-up quizzes if we are absent.

• I encouraged my brother to apply to college.

Patterns (CONT’D)

• Some verbs can follow both patterns:• I want to help with your homework.

• I want you to help me with my homework.

• Be careful because often the meaning changes!

Words that Work with Both! (p. 317)

• Some verbs can be followed by an infinitive or a gerund!

• Sometimes the meaning doesn’t change:• I love to go shopping. / I love going shopping.

• I prefer to watch TV rather than watch movies. / I prefer watching TV to watching movies.

• Sometimes the meaning changes:• I tried to be her friend, but she never called me. (make an effort)

• I tried giving her space, but that didn’t work. (experiment with new approach)

• Exercise 30, p. 318

Causative Verbs & Base Form (p. 344)

• Causative verbs express the idea that “X causes Y”• My mom made me clean my room.

• X makes Y do something.

• Three main causative verbs: make, have, get• Make & have are followed by base form

• Sad movies make me cry.

• I had the plumber repair the sink.

• Get is followed by an infinitive• John got Mary to go to the movies with him by buying her flowers.

Four Types of Writing

• What are the four types of writing we practiced in class?• Narrative• Descriptive• Analyzing Opinions (Argumentative)• Compare/Contrast

• We wrote a paragraph (or three) for some of these, but your final will ask you to write a short, organized composition• How would you organize each type of writing? What is the topic of each body

paragraph?• What grammar is important for each type? What writing tips did we focus on?

Outlining Practice

1. What is an example of a time when you felt regret? What happened? Why did you feel regretful?

2. Describe your ideal dream hotel.

3. Why do people fail at school? Use reasons and examples to support your opinion.

4. Compare and contrast two major problems that the world faces today.

HOMEWORK

• When I assign homework from English Grammar, there is a specific way I would like you to do your homework:• Complete the homework on a separate sheet of paper (not in your book)• Correct your own homework using the answer key in the back of the book• Try to understand why you got the answer wrong; if you cannot find out why, make a

note and ask me during class

• Tonight’s homework:• Review Worksheets

• I will put some review grammar exercises on the front page of the class website tonight or tomorrow to help you prepare for the final exam

• We will go over the answers on Monday as part of our grammar review• Bring questions for me to answer on Monday as well!