3/8/2016

1

@IQ_UK

Institute of Quarrying

Phil James BSc (Hons) MSc FCMI MIoD

Julian Smallshaw FIQ, FHEA, BSc

Geotechnical & Structural Geology

Quarrying.org@IQ_UK

About The Institute

1917

Global extractives industry• to improve health and safety• to increase productivity• to improve standards

Delivering excellence in education and training

Professionally qualified members

3/8/2016

2

Quarrying.org@IQ_UK

The Institute of Quarrying

PurposeTo advance the science and practice of quarrying, for the benefit

of all

VisionIQ is the beating heart of a vibrant world-class minerals industry

ValuesProfessional integrity

Lifelong learning

Ethical, sustainable practice

Quarrying.org@IQ_UK

The Institute of Quarrying

3/8/2016

3

Quarrying.org@IQ_UK

Quarrying.org@IQ_UK

3/8/2016

4

Quarrying.org@IQ_UK

Julian Smallshaw FIQ, FHEA, BSc

Began career as a Quarry Manager 20 Years member of IQ10 Years Institute of Quarrying5 Years Head of Education

Outline:

• Structural Geology – Overview

• Geotechnical Engineering – Overview

• A lot to do in a short time !

3/8/2016

5

Structural Geology

• Description spatial representation and analysis of structural features

• Study of the forces that deform rocks and origin and distribution of these forces

Unconformity

3/8/2016

6

Folding

• A bend or buckle in pre existing structure caused by deformation

• Anti-form limbs converge upwards forming an arch – anticline

• Syn-form – limbs close downwards – syncline

• Folds are described in terms of their attitude of the axial surface

Fold Desription

• Upright– Axial surface is vertical

• Overturned– Inclined axial surface one limb inverted

• Recumbent– Horizontal axial surface

3/8/2016

7

3/8/2016

8

Anticline and Syncline

Igneous rocks

3/8/2016

9

Igneous Features

Extrusive Rocks

3/8/2016

10

Metamorphic Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

3/8/2016

11

Sedimentary Rocks

Outcrops

• An area where rock occurs at surface

• May or may not be covered with alluvium

3/8/2016

12

Weathered Granite Outcrop

3/8/2016

13

Dip and Strike

• Dip – angle in degrees between a horizontal plane and an inclined rock stratum

• Measurement is perpendicular to the strike and in the vertical plane.

• Strike – the direction taken by the structural surface such as a fault or bedding plane as it intersects the horizontal – it is the compass direction of the horizontal line in the inclined plane.

Dip and Strike

3/8/2016

14

3/8/2016

15

Faults

• Rock fractures at which displacement has taken place

• The rocks on either side of the break have moved relative to one another in opposite directions

• Movement may be any amount in any direction on the fault plane

Normal Fault

3/8/2016

16

Reverse Fault

Strike Slip

3/8/2016

17

Slickensides

Excavations Key Issues : Planar Failures

Geotechnical

3/8/2016

18

3/8/2016

19

Excavations Key Issues : Wedge Failures

3/8/2016

20

Excavations Key Issues : Wedge Failures

3/8/2016

21

3/8/2016

22

Excavations Key Issues : Toppling Failures

Excavations Key Issues : Toppling Failures

3/8/2016

23

3/8/2016

24

Common stabilizing measures: netting

3/8/2016

25

Common stabilizing measures: netting

Common stabilizing measures: pre-splitting

3/8/2016

26

Excavations Key Issues : Rockfall / Unravelling

over-steepened faces

3/8/2016

27

3/8/2016

28

Summing up on Solid Failures

Solid Tips Key Issues : Circular / Sliding FailuresUnconsolidated Materials

3/8/2016

29

3/8/2016

30

3/8/2016

31

3/8/2016

32

Liquid Tips (Lagoons) Key Issues : Design and Management

• Good Foundations• Adequate Retaining Structures• Adequate Well Positioned Overflows• Adequate Freeboard• Seepage? Gullying? Erosion?

Or, is there a risk of a circular or a sliding or other? type of failure that could lead to lagoon collapse

3/8/2016

33

Liquid Tips (Lagoons) Key Issues : Design and Management

3/8/2016

34

3/8/2016

35

3/8/2016

36

Pit Design

3/8/2016

37

But there are Inspections and there are Inspections!

3/8/2016

38

Working Methods: Face heights / trimming

Working Methods : Face heights / trimming

3/8/2016

39

Working Methods : Rock traps / exclusion

3/8/2016

40

Working Methods : Working practices

Working Methods : Stockpiles

3/8/2016

41

Working Methods : Stockpiles

‘Reach and Capture’ Distance?

Working Near Water

3/8/2016

42

3/8/2016

43

Quarrying.org@IQ_UK

IQ Skills Wheel

3/8/2016

44

Quarrying.org@IQ_UK

Quarrying.org@IQ_UK

quarrying.org

@IQ_UK

Group and company pages

Thank you.

Any Questions?