Colonial GeorgiaReview

SS8H2 The student will analyze the colonial period of Georgia’s history.

a. Explain the importance of James Oglethorpe, the Charter of 1732, reasons for settlement (charity, economics, and defense), Tomochichi, Mary Musgrove, and the city of Savannah. b. Evaluate the Trustee Period of Georgia’s colonial history, emphasizing the role of the Salzburgers, Highland Scots, malcontents, and the Spanish threat from Florida.

c. Explain the development of Georgia as a royal colony with regard to land ownership, slavery, government, and the impact of the royal governors.

Reasonsfor

Settlement

What were the three reasons Georgia was established as a colony?

Defense

Georgia was created as a buffer colony to protect South Carolina, which was a very valuable colony, from the Spanish in Florida, French and Native Americans. This was the one area in which Georgia was successful.

Charity

Georgia was created as a place where debtors who were in prison and other worthy poor were to be able to go for a start at a new life.

Economics

Georgia was created to produced raw materials that could be sent back to England to be manufactured.

What was the name of the economic policy being used between Georgia and England?

Mercantilism

Charterof

1732

Who granted permission for the charter?

King Georgia II

Who was not allowed to come to Georgia?

BlacksCatholics

JewsLawyers

Liquor Dealers

What was not allowed in Georgia?

SlaveryRum

What boundaries did it create for Georgia?

Savannah and Altamaha Rivers

Sea to SeaAtlantic Ocean to the

Pacific Ocean

Who did it put in charge of Georgia?

Trustees

What policies were put in place for the trustees?

Could Not VoteCould Not Own LandCould Not Profit

Policies were meant to keep them honest and making the best decisions for the colony.

How did the amount of land granted differ for colonists who could and could not pay their way to Georgia?

500 if you could pay your own way to the colony

50 if you could NOT pay your own way to the colony

City of Savannah

Where was it located?

Located on the Savannah Riveron Yamacraw Bluff

Describe the layout of the city.

Grid systemCity SquaresEveryone had identical lots

James Oglethorp

e

What did James Oglethorpe do before coming to Georgia?

He was a member of Parliament

What happened that inspired him to start the colony?

He had a good friend who died while serving time in jail for being in debt.

Why did James Oglethorpe want to start the colony?

To be a place where debtors and the worthy poor could get a new start.

Other than start the colony, what other things did Oglethorpe do?

He unofficially led the colony and led the military in defending it as well.

How was James Oglethorpe different from the other Trustees?

He was the only Trustee to come and live in the colony… resident trustee

Tomochichi

Who is Tomochichi?

Chief of the Yamacraw Creek Indians

What role did he play in establishing Georgia?

Signed the Treaty of Savannah permitting colonists to settle on Yamacraw Bluff

Encouraged fair trade with the English colonists

Visited the Georgia Trustees in London, England to encourage peaceful land treaties

Mary Musgrove

What role did Musgrove play in starting the colony of Georgia?

Translator

How was Musgrove able to accomplish the answer to the above question?

She was part Creek and part English. She could speak both languages and fit into both cultures.

What other business did Musgrove have?

Trading Post

Salzburgers

Who were they and why did they leave their home in Austria?

Lutheran Protestants from Austria.

Were told to become Catholic or leave… they left.

What towns did they build in Georgia?

Ebenezer… Too Swampy

New Ebenezer

What Trustee policy did they support?

Slavery

HighlandScots

Why were they brought to Georgia?

Because they were known as good soldiers

What battle did they help Oglethorpe defeat the Spanish?

Battle of Bloody Marsh

Where in Georgia did they settle?

Darien

What Trustee policy did they support?

Slavery

Malcontents

What were the malcontents unhappy about?

Trustee Rules…

Land Ownership… Amount and Inheritance

Rum

Slavery

Spanish Threat

What battle ended the threat of the Spanish to Georgia and South Carolina?

Battle of Bloody Marsh

Trusteev

RoyalPeriod

When was each period?

Trustee v Royal

1732 1752… until American Revolution…1776

Who controlled Georgia during each period?

Trustee v Royal

Trustees King George

Royal Governors

What are the rules of land ownership and inheritance, slavery, rum during each period?

Trustee v Royal 500 acres max Only males could

inherit land Slavery was not

allowed Rum was not

allowed

No land limits Women could

inherit land Slavery legal Rum was legal

Explain the role of the colonists in government during both periods.

Trustee v RoyalColonists had

no say in government

Colonist could vote and have elected representatives

Royal Governors

Who were the royal governors?

How were they selected?

John ReynoldsHenry EllisJames Wright

Appointed by the king

Royal Governme

nt

What was the name of the upper house and how were the members selected?

Governor’s Advisory Council

Appointed by the Governor

What was the name of the lower house and how were the members selected?

Commons House of Assembly

Elected by eligible colonists

John Reynolds

At first the colonists really liked him because he allowed them to vote and help run the government through a legislature. However, he became very unpopular because he refused to listen to colonists, he did not relate to the Indians very well, and he tried to move the capital of Savannah to another city. The colonists eventually convinced the King of England to remove him from office and he was replaced.

Henry Ellis

He helped restore the colony by allowing colonists to have a voice in government. He reformed government and helped improve the economy. He improved the colony’s relationship with the Creek Indians and he also divided the colony into parishes (counties) to help government become more efficient.

James Wright

He was very popular because the economy of Georgia became very developed and rich. The size of Georgia increased to include modern day Mississippi and Alabama and the southern border extended from the Altamaha River to St. Mary’s River. He served the longest term and would remain Royal Governor until the American Revolution.