Georgia Constitution weaknesses:

1. similar to the Articles of Confederation2. unicameral legislative branch where 1 legislative branch governed and appointed members of power3. Georgians had no say in ratifying the original constitution4. governor had little power 5. John Treutlen -first governor of GA

The Articles of Confederationwritten to free selves from Britain

Powers had Powers not hadDeclare war Collect taxes

Coin money No trade regulation

Establish post offices Unicameral-1 legislation

Send and recall ambassadors Each state had own currency

State power not fed. power 13 out of 13 to pass laws

1 vote per state no matter population size

Constitutional Convention Met to write the constitution since the AOC was not successful--1787 Could not have military because states would not pay taxes—chance of

attack from Native Americans and Europeans Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, George Washington, and Benjamin

Franklin, Abraham Baldwin, and William Few were some of the leaders to write and sign a new constitution

4 Compromises:

1. 3/5 Compromise-how the states counted slaves for population 2. Great Compromise-have a more even vote despite population

(2 senators and legislatures depending upon population)3. Commerce Clause-taxes and trade would be overseen by the

national gov’t4. Abolish slavery in the future

Role of Georgia at the Constitutional Convention

1.Continue to support slavery so it would not be abolished and for slaves to account

in the total population2.Abraham Baldwin’s last minute vote for small states to allow for the

Great Compromise

Abraham Baldwin

Successful politicianParticipated in the

Constitutional Convention and signed the Constitution

Creating UGA (Franklin College)

First President of UGA

William FewSigned the US Constitution at

the Constitutional Convention, but have few words to share

Judge, Senator, and Representative in GA

Few’s remains were moved to GA in 1976 at the bicentennial

UGA

• First institute in GA for higher learning• Abraham Baldwin chosen by Gov Lyman

Hall (signer of the Dec of Ind) to draft a charter

• President of the university—Franklin College (Arts and Science)

• Many political and business leaders of GA graduated from UGA

• Land grant college—free land from federal gov’t to build and grow by selling land they did not intend to use

Louisville SALMA-Savannah, Augusta, Louisville, Milledgeville, and

Atlanta Named after French King Louis the sixteenth since he

helped in the Revolutionary War Chosen because it was center to GA population of the time Trading center goal –located on the Ogeechee River Capital went Milledgeville next because of a Malaria

outbreak, the difficulty of traveling the river, and continual growth to Northwest

Set fire to the Yazoo Land Act with a magnifying glass Why Louisville? Population, movement, and economic growth

from coast

Methodist and Baptist Church

John Wesley, founder of Methodist Second Great Awakening grew the both

denominations Interested the working classes Slaves converted Revivals and camp meetings to spread

word Methodist-circuit riders from town to

town

Land Policies1. Headright System-acres given to soldiers who fought in Rev. War like Austin Dabney or white heads of households 21 or older offered free land to new settlers to build homes and farms. (200 acres)2. Yazoo Act-land in Alabama and Mississippi (named after the river in Miss.) sold to land companies

Land companies bribed officials/legislators James Jackson resigned his seat and came back to GA to take

over the GA assembly and cancelled the Yazoo Act The land was given to the gov’t for 1.25 million dollars along

with the promise to relinquish Indian land claims and remove Creek Indians from GA

Yazoo Act is known for the Yazoo Land Fraud

3. Land lottery (8)- submit male name of 21 yrs or older then buy a ticket and spin for a lot from a box in another box spin for a name (war veterans, widows, and head of households with children could also participate.

Cotton GinPositive impact:Made the economy (increased profit) and population growMade slavery expand The machine sped up the time to deseedCotton was used to plant to replace bad soil from tobacco growthEli Whitney credit for invention for someCaused westward expansion for more landNegative impact:Caused south to be dependent on 1 crop (boll weevil) Made slavery expand

Railroad• Technological advance along with the cotton gin for

economic growth• 1832 Atlanta approved• Businessmen in Athens began the railroad to transport

cotton faster• GA top ten in track millage• GA most tracks in south• Western and Atlantic Railroad from Chattanooga to GA

1.Terminus-end of line then2. Marthasville after the governor Lumpkin’s daughter then 3. Atlanta- feminine name for Atlantic

• Atlanta first city to be built away from a river that was not navigable

Creek and Cherokee Removal of Native Americans leading to

the Trail of Tears (march from GA to Oklahoma)

Treaty of New York-gave up eastern land Red Stick War-Indians wanting to fight

whites White Stick War-Indians not wanting to

fight Battle of Horseshoe Bend (AL)-Creek

defeated by Andrew Jackson Treaty of Indian Springs-McIntosh signed

away the Indian land in a bribe

Alexander McGillivray Tried to keep Indian land from

whites Signed the Treaty of New York

which promised they would not take any more land

Creek leader of the Oconee War between Indians and GA

William McIntosh Decision to sign the Second Treaty of Indian Springs

which gave up Creek Land(1825) McIntosh, along with six other Creek chiefs, agreed to sell

the remainder of Creek land in Georgia, without the tribe’s consent, for $200,000.

McIntosh received extra cash for his personal lands in the treaty.

Upon hearing about what they considered to be a bribe, the Creek Nation ruled to execute McIntosh for his actions.

On April 30, 1825, 200 Creek warriors carried out McIntosh’s execution at his home by shooting and stabbing him repeatedly.

The Second Treaty of Indian Springs officially removed the Creek from Georgia’s borders.

Sequoyah George Gist Created the Cherokee first written

language Rejected white people completely The Cherokee language was the basis

for the Cherokee Phoenix newspaper and the creation of the Cherokee Constitution

John RossChief of the Cherokee NationFaith in the US government to protect Indian land so he went many times to Washington once to take a petition for stopping Indian removal

Fought removalLost his wife on the Trail of Tears

Gold Rush• America’s first gold rush in Dahlonega,

GA• Gold found on Cherokee land forced

them out of their land, but they received no gold

• Land lottery held of Cherokee land• 20 year gold mining in GA-population

and economic growth• California gold rush ended GA mining

Worcester vs Georgia• Court case that determined the

Cherokee nation sovereign and subject to own laws and land

• Ga ignored the Supreme Court ruling• Andrew Jackson’s decision to not

enforce the decision led to Indian removal from GA

• Worcester (missionary) arrested and held in prison, but was pardoned and released

• Moved to Oklahoma with Cherokees

Andrew Jackson and John Marshall

Andrew Jackson, US President who ignored the Supreme Court decision to let Cherokees keep their land

John Marshall, the Supreme Court judge who sided with the Cherokee and the missionaries for keeping their native lands

Andrew Jackson said, “John Marshall rendered his decision, now let him enforce it.”

meant that the president had to support the Supreme Court for the decision to be upheld.

Trail of Tears The US army forces the removal of the

Cherokee from GA Led by General Winfield Scott Cherokees placed in stockades before

they were forced to march in winter to Oklahoma

Over 4000 people died of disease and exposure