George H. Atkinson, Ph.D. Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary of State

George H. Atkinson, Ph.D.Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary

of State

Science, Technology, EngineeringScience, Technology, Engineering

And 21And 21stst Century Foreign Policy Century Foreign Policy

Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary

(STAS)

Science and TechnologyAdviser to the Secretary

Integrating Foreign Policy and Science

• S & T advancements have an immediate and S & T advancements have an immediate and enormous influence on economies and enormous influence on economies and international international relations relations

• Thus, many of the major issues that challenge our Thus, many of the major issues that challenge our global societies demand scientifically sound global societies demand scientifically sound policiespolicies

• In the increasingly global world, science must In the increasingly global world, science must effectively inform foreign policy and foreign effectively inform foreign policy and foreign policy must effectively advance sciencepolicy must effectively advance science

“In the 21st century, American foreign policy must have a sound scientific foundation. And we must build on that foundation to stem the spread of infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDs, to stop proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, to lift people out of poverty, and lead states onto the path of sustainable development. Now more than ever, American science must enlighten American statecraft. But the partnership between science and statesmanship is a two-way street. American diplomacy must also help advance world science.”

Secretary Powell – May 26, 2004 – U.S. Department of State Introduction of the first Jefferson Science Fellows


S&T in 21st Century U.S. Foreign Policy

STAS Core ObjectivesScience and TechnologyAdviser to the Secretary

1. Enhancing the S&T literacy and capacity of the DoS: increasing the number of scientists in the DoS and the exposure of non-scientist DoS personnel to S&T issues

• American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellowships

• Professional Science Society Fellowships

American Institute of Physics, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, American Chemical Society

• Jefferson Science Fellowships

• S & T Student Internships (in the U.S and abroad)

• Embassy Science Fellows

CAPACITY BUILDINGJEFFERSON SCIENCE FELLOWS PROGRAM (JSF)


Tenured U.S. academic research faculty come to the DoS for 1 year of service followed by 5 years of consultancy

• A new model for engaging the U.S. academic STE communities in the formulation and implementation of U.S. foreign policy - Creates a new relationship between the U.S. academic community and the U.S. Department of State.

• A public-private partnership between U.S. philanthropic foundations (MacArthur Foundation and Carnegie Corp.), the U.S. universities and the STE academic community, professional scientific societies, and the U.S. DoS.

• Over 60 U.S. universities have executed agreements with the DOS to participate in the JSF program.

CAPACITY BUILDINGJEFFERSON SCIENCE FELLOWS PROGRAM (JSF)


Tenured U/S. academic research faculty come to the DoS for 1 year of service followed by 5 years of consultancy following their

return to their academic careers

The five 2004-05 Jefferson Science Fellows, selected from about 40 applicants, will begin in August, 2004

• Dr. Julian Adams – U of Michigan – Evolutionary Biology

• Dr. Bruce Averill – U of Toledo – Biochemistry

• Dr. Melba Crawford – U of Texas at Austin – Remote Imaging

• Dr. David Eastmond – U of California at Riverside – Toxicology

• Dr. Kalidas Shetty – U of Massachusetts at Amherst - Microbiology

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

JSF

AAAS Renewal

AAAS new

ProfessionalScientificSocieties

Nearly 500% increase in Science Fellows serving in State Department in Washington D.C. over a four year period

2003 AAAS Science and Professional Science Society Fellows

(shaded in gray)

Locations of AAAS

Fellows in 2000

2. Building partnerships with the outside S&T community: throughout the USG, with partners abroad, and in foreign embassies in the US

3. Providing accurate S&T advice to the DoS: the Secretary of State, other senior DoS officials, and embassies on emerging and “at the horizon” S&T 4. Developing initiatives to enhance a “forward looking”

international leadership by DoS on S&T issues: both current and future perspectives to create a “proactive, anticipatory” environment for decision making (contrasting “crisis management”)

STAS Core Objectives

nn


Global Dialogue on Global Dialogue on Emerging Emerging

Science and TechnologyScience and Technology


GLOBAL DIALOGUE ON EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (GDEST)


Scientific conferences held outside of the US to identify emerging S&T by convening US scientists with their international

counterparts for topical discussions

• Focuses on emerging technology outside the US. GDEST conferences held only outside the US

• Specific research topics for each conference selected in recognition of existing or emerging strength of the S&T research community in the host country

• Participation includes ~15 selected distinguished US and ~ 15 host country senior scientists and/or engineers, but also junior (associate and assistant professors, postdoctoral researchers, and graduate students) scientists and engineers, whose attendance is facilitated by the host country. Event is open to public

• STAS provides funding to National Academies (NA) and the National Research Council (NRC) to design, organize, and conduct each GDEST conference

Japan Sensors,

Nanomaterials & Nanostructures

Alternative Energy

Biomedical engineering & Bioscience

Artificial Intelligence

Designer Materials

Massive Multiplayer Online Gaming (Simulation) Technology

India Biomedical

engineering & Bioscience

Alternative Energy

Information Technology

Space Technology

China Biometrics &

Genetics Advanced

Computer Technologies (HPCs and Grid Computing)

Nanotechnology Bioinformatics

Europe Quantum

Cryptography and Communications

Alternative Energy

Nanotechnology Cyber Security

LONG TERM POLICYGLOBAL DIALOGUE ON EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (GDEST)


PRIORITY TOPICSEarly 2005 20052005 20052005 20062006

The Journal of Physical ChemistryThe Journal of Physical Chemistry

AA

2003 Contributions by Country2003 Contributions by Country

Countries Contributing to JPC ACountries Contributing to JPC A

ArgentinaArgentinaAustraliaAustraliaAustriaAustriaBelarusBelarusBelgiumBelgiumBrazilBrazilBulgariaBulgariaCanadaCanadaChileChileColombiaColombiaCroatiaCroatiaCzech Czech RepublicRepublic

DenmarkDenmarkFinland Finland FranceFranceGermanyGermanyGreeceGreeceHong KongHong KongHungaryHungaryIndiaIndiaIrelandIrelandIsraelIsrael ItalyItalyJapanJapanKoreaKorea

LebanonLebanon

LithuaniaLithuania

MexicoMexico

MorrocoMorroco

NetherlandsNetherlands

New New ZealandZealand

NorwayNorway

PolandPoland

PR ChinaPR China

Puerto Rico Puerto Rico

RussiaRussia

Slovak Slovak

SpainSpain

SwedenSweden

SwitzerlandSwitzerland

TaiwanTaiwan

TurkeyTurkey

UkraineUkraine

UruguayUruguay

United KingdomUnited Kingdom

United States United States ((41%)41%)VenezuelaVenezuela

Of the 12,543 pages published in 2003, 59% were contributed by authors working in countries outside the

United States

Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary

(STAS)


SCIENCE BENEFITS FROM INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND EXCHANGE

Science (827 research papers)

37% from outside the U.S. (63% U.S.)

Consider 2003 publication data from other scientific journals

Journal of Biological Chemistry (>53,000 pages)

55% foreign contributors (45% U.S.)

Journals of the American Physical Society (14,687 papers)

71% foreign contributors (29% U.S.)

In 2001, students without permanent residence or citizenship (i.e., foreign students) comprised

• ~38% of the total enrollment in all graduate science and engineering programs in the U.S.

• Foreign students comprised more than 50% of the total enrollment in the following graduate fields (NSF data):

• Computer Sciences• Aerospace Engineering• Chemical Engineering• Electrical Engineering• Industrial Engineering• Mechanical Engineering• Metallurgical and Materials Engineering


FOREIGN GRADUATE STUDENTS IN THE U.S.

STAS WEBSITEScience and TechnologyAdviser to the Secretary

www.state.gov/g/stas

George H. Atkinson, Ph.D. Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary of State

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