GEOG 101: Day 25Review for the Final

Housekeeping Items Did anyone go to the Solutions event yesterday at the

Peace Garden? I want to go through the assignments and see if my

records tally with what you remember turning in. Please e-mail me missing assignments ASAP!

Get any missing assignments in by Wednesday at the latest.

After that we’ll do a review for the final exam. As mentioned on Wednesday, the exam will cover Chapters 10, 12-17, and 20-23.

Review for the Final Reminder that the exam will be on Wednesday from 1-4

in Building 180, Room 134. You will be in with my other classes.

Review PPTs, chapters (esp. the summaries), and your own notes.

It will consist of short answers and essay questions, and a few true/ false and/or multiple choice questions.

What do you think the 10 most important points or messages are from this course?

Day 22 – Review for the Exam

Re Chapter 10:• What role is played by forests?• How has the percentage of the Earth covered by forests

changed over the last 200 years?• Major forest biomes• Alternatives to clear-cut logging and the impacts of• Causes of deforestation and threats to forests• Policies regarding burning• Forest certification• Parks and protected areas

Day 22 – Review for the Exam

•Chapter 11 (Freshwater): Arid countries tend to use their water mostly for…?

• Developing industries• Agriculture• Households• Export to rich countries

• Globally the majority of water is used for what?

• Why will water become the gold of the twenty-first century, and what might the implications be?

Which of the following statements is not a benefit of dams?a) Habitat alterationb) Power generationc) Crop irrigationd) Shipping

Pollution is defined as “the release of matter or energy into the environment that causes ______”?

a) Undesirable impacts on human healthb) Undesirable impacts on other organismsc) Undesirable impacts on human well-beingd) All of the above are included in the definition

Which of the following is a non-point source of water pollution?

a) A factoryb) Sewer pipesc) Agricultural fieldsd) All are non-point sources

What are major sources of water pollution?

a) It is more water efficient to produce vegetables

b) It is more water efficient to produce meat

c) Vegetable and meat production are relatively alike in water consumption

d) There is little correlation between water consumption and our diet

WHAT CONCLUSION CAN YOU DRAW FROM THIS GRAPH?

CHAPTER 12: Marine EcosystemsAn area where rivers flow into the ocean is called a(n) …?

a) Estuaryb) Mangrove swampc) Salt marshd) Coral reef

Marine reserves have all the following benefits except:

a) Fishing increases in the reserveb) The size of fish increasesc) Larvae can “seed” areas outside the reserved) Decreased mortality and habitat destruction

a) China is a major player in applying fishing pressure

b) China will be playing a smaller role in applying fishing pressure

c) The world will decrease its fishing pressure

d) Canada is not included in this graph

WHAT IS SHOWN BY THIS GRAPH?

What are the major causes behind declining fisheries?

Chapter 13: Air Pollution What are the major sources of air pollution? What are the major health impacts? Any success stories? Which pollutants have been going up and which

down in North America? What about the deterioration of the ozone layer? Has this been resolved and, if so, how?

CHAPTER 14: Climate Change

Who is largest producer of CO2 on the planet:a) The U.S.b) Chinac) Brazild) none of the above

What is considered to be a “safe” limit for CO2 in the atmosphere?a) 390b) 450c) 350d) 280

Which chemicals are the sources of acid rain?What is the difference between brown smog and grey smog?What is the difference between ozone in the atmosphere and at ground level?What is the gaseous composition of our atmosphere?

Chapter 14: Climate Change“Climate” is defined as….

a) Conditions at localized sitesb) Conditions over hours or daysc) An area’s long-term atmospheric conditionsd) Variations in Earth’s temperature

Which of the following are major contributors of global warming?

a) Burning fossil fuels and recyclingb) Burning fossil fuels and deforestationc) Deforestation and nuclear energyd) Fossil fuels and nuclear energy

What happens as ice melts in polar regions?a) More heat is reflected into spaceb) Glaciers re-freeze at nightc) Exposed soils and water absorb heat and make

melting worsed) Polar bears learn to like the Sun

Chapter 14: Climate Change

Which greenhouse gases are far more potent than CO2?

What is an example of positive feedback mechanisms in the case of climate change?

Why is it called climate change and not mainly global warming?

What is the difference between mitigation and adaptation?

Chapter 15: Fossil Fuels

What are the different kinds of fossil fuels and how were they created?

What uses do we put fossil fuels to besides transportation?

What is the concept of peak oil? Why do we have to make a transition to other

energy sources?

CHAPTER 16: Conventional AlternativesWhich of the following is not a benefit of hydropower?

a) It produces carbon dioxideb) It is a clean source of energyc) It is renewabled) All of these are benefits of hydropower

If ethanol in Canada is produced from corn, a drawback suggested from this graph could be:

a) More corn is availableb) More competition between

food and fuelc) Less land planted in cornd) None of these

Chapter 16: Conventional Alternatives

Overall what are the pros and cons of biofuels? What are the pros and cons associated with nuclear

power? How is biomass currently used in developing

countries and for what? What would be an example of a relatively simple

and elegant biomass technology for developing countries?

CHAPTER 17: New Renewables (what is a renewable?)

Which of these is not a passive solar technique?

a) The use of thermal massb) Using flat-plate solar collectorsc) Installing low, south-facing windows that will maximize sunlight

capture in the winterd) Using strategically planted vegetation

Turbines can be erected singly, but they are most often erected in groups called:a) Wind turbinesb) Wind farmsc) Wind millsd) Solar cells

What is the difference between a supply management and demand management approach to energy, water or waste?

What are some other promising renewable technologies?

CHAPTER 20

_______ occurred as a result of deteriorating conditions in the inner cities

a) Movement to suburbsb) Movement to rural areasc) Development of inner citiesd) Decentralization of city management

“Sprawl” is defined as…?a) Increased resource extraction from rural areasb) Creating more livable citiesc) The spread of low-density development outward

from an urban centerd) The spread of high-density development outward

from an urban center

Which of the following is NOT a cause of urban sprawl?a) People like their privacyb) Technology allows people to work from homec) Technology frees businesses from having to be located

in the cityd) All of the above are causes of sprawl

Chapter 20: Cities What is the ecological impact of cities? What influences their ecological

footprints, and what are the principal components of these, at least in North America?

What are some of the key alternatives to urban sprawl?

What can we do to make cities more sustainable and to better enable them to withstand shocks associated with natural disasters, political instability, peak oil, and climate change?

CHAPTER 20: CitiesUrban growth boundaries….

a) Encourage development in the suburbsb) Can be implemented only in wealthier citiesc) Keeps growth within existing urbanized areasd) Are no longer a viable option for North American cities

In “new urbanism,” cities are designed around…?

a) Mass transitb) Cars and highwaysc) Walkingd) All of the above

Which statement is false, regarding cities?

a) They must import resources from far awayb) They rely on large expanses of land for ecosystem

servicesc) People living in cities feel more connected to nature,

particularly since TVd) Cities tend to concentrate people, allowing for more

efficient consumption of resources

Chapters 21-23 Why are indigenous people so often in the forefront of resistance to

major resource extraction projects? What is traditional ecological knowledge and why is it important? How would you characterize the ethics and worldview of Western (and

increasingly Eastern) society, especially with respect to nature? At what point should economic priorities and values not take

precedence over other values? What is the difference between anthropocentrism, biocentrism, and

ecocentrism? Have the latter two perspectives been recognized anywhere in law?

Can you say anything about any of the following: Aldo Leopold, Chico Mendes, Rachel Carson, Wangari Maathai, Vandana Shiva, or Paul Watson?

Chapters 21-23 In what ways is the economy both circular and linear? What are ecosystem services? What is a shortcoming of GDP as a measure of social well-being and are

there alternatives? What are the strengths and weaknesses of different policy tools such as

voluntary measures, regulations, environmental impact assessment, pollution taxes, cap and trade schemes (and other markets), and relying on consumer activism?

What is carbon neutrality? What can universities do to be models and part of the solution? What is the most effective lever for achieving sustainability? Reducing

population, reducing consumerism, finding new technology, or building more self-sufficient economies?

Review for the Final You should also be able to address some of the

positive things that are being done to address the ecological crisis (there are alternatives, and these need to address the ecological, social, and economic dimensions of the crisis);

that to solve the ecological crisis, we need to understand how to make change, at both a social and individual level, and we also need to understand what our own particular strengths are so that we can match our talents to the tasks at hand.