Geo-thermal Energy
20
Faculty of Mathematics & Natural Sciences Program: Energy and Environmental Science Course: Introduction to EES Kostiantyn Cherniaiev – 2421046 19-09-2012 Geo-Thermal Energy
description
This presentation gives a general overview of today\'s situation in Geo-thermal industry and its prospects of growths in the near future. Also some information about Ukraine\'s geo-thermal market is shown
Transcript of Geo-thermal Energy
Faculty of Mathematics & Natural SciencesProgram: Energy and Environmental ScienceCourse: Introduction to EESKostiantyn Cherniaiev – 242104619-09-2012
Geo-Thermal Energy
Personal Information/Part 1
1. Education Background1.1. High School: Donetsk Lyceum. Major fields of study are Physics and Mathematics
1.2. Bachelors Degree: National Technical University of Ukraine, Institute for Energy Saving and Energy Management. Major filed of study are Energy efficiency, Management and control in Energy-consuming industries
2. Bachelors Thesis Electromechanical Equipment of Riznekiv Oil-Gas Condensate Field with Development of Power Supply Emergency Means of Electrical Control & Instrumentation Systems and Emergency battery Systems
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Personal Information/Part 2
1. Interests 1.1. Renewable Energy1.2. Direct consumption of energy from alternative energy sources in smart systems1.3. Control of Smart systems1.4. Power electronics1.5. Energy audit
2. Hobbies 2.1. Swimming2.2. Running2.3. Judo2.4. Films
3. Work experience3.1. PV design/CAD engineer (1 year)3.2. Technical consultant/PV industry3.3. Intern at AES Corporation/High-Voltage sub-stations
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Purpose of the presentation
This presentation will be focused on the next several issues: general information about the geothermal recourses in the world, thermodynamic cycles and processes that give an ability to use this type of energy; comparison of scopes of applications, direct usage, electric generation, co-generation.
This work also will gives an overview of world’s prospects of growths & its influence on the environment.
Finally, the statistics about usage of geothermal energy in Ukraine will be shown
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Geothermal Resources map
GermanyNetherlandsFranceFinlandGreeceItalyHungrySwitzerlandPortugal….
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General information/Power Generation
200 270 386 520 720 11802110
47645834
68337972
890310898
19800
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Inst
alle
d Ca
paci
ty o
f Geo
ther
mal
Po
wer
Pla
nts
[MW
]
Gothermal Power Generation
38,035
49,26155,709
67,246
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Prod
uced
Ele
ctri
city
[G
Wh/
year
]
Gothermal Power Generation
22% annual growth
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General information/Power GenerationCountry MW GWh/yearUSA 3098 16603
Philippines 1904 10311
Indonesia 1197 9600
Mexico 958 7047
Italy 843 5520
New Zealand 762 4055
Iceland 575 4597
Japan 535 3064
El Salvador 204 1422
others 822 5027
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5%
11%
28%
9%
8%
17%
2%
7%
5%
8%
Total Installed Capacity share in the World (2010)
Japan
Indonesia
USA
Mexico
Italy
Philippines
El Salvador
New Zealand
Iceland
others
General information/Power Generation
24.0
44.2
57.1
69.1
96.0
131.2
222.2
1067.1
15323.3
Japan
Indonesia
USA
Mexico
Italy
Philippines
El Salvador
New Zealand
Iceland
Produced Electric power per capita [kWh/cap/year] (2010)
Country Population (mil) kWh/cap/yearothers 6123.1 10.98
Japan 127.5 24.03
Indonesia 217.1 44.22
USA 291 57.05
Mexico 102 69.09
Italy 57.5 96.00
Philippines 78.6 131.18
El Salvador 6.4 222.19
New Zealand 3.8 1,067.11
Iceland 0.3 15,323.33
Average energy consumption1909 kWh/cap/year
PE/CE8,03
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General information/Direct utilization
8664
15145
28269
48493
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Inst
alle
d Ca
paci
ty o
f Geo
ther
mal
Ut
iliza
tion
Pla
nts
(MW
t)
Gothermal Power Utilization
112441
190699
273372
423830
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015Prod
uced
The
rmal
Pow
er
(Tj/
year
)
Gothermal Direct Consumtion
12% annual growth
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General information/Direct utilization
Country MW GWh/yearUSA 12611.49 15710.1
China 8898 20931.8
Sweden 4460 12584.6
Germany 2485.4 3546
Japan 2099.53 7138.9
Turkey 2084 10246.9
Iceland 1826 6767.5
Netherlands 1410.26 2972.3
France 1345 3591.7
Canada 1126 2464.9
Switzerland 1060.9 2143.1
Norway 1000 3000.2
Finland 994 2213
Italy 867 2761.6
Austria 662.85 1035.6
other 5562.57 20631.8
26%
18%
5%2%4%3%
2%1%
4%
3%
2%
2%2%
9%
4%
11%
Total Installed Capacity share in the World (2010)
USA
China
Germany
Italy
Japan
France
Canada
Austria
Turkey
Netherlands
Switzerland
Finland
Norway
Sweden
Iceland
other
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General information/Direct utilization
69%
14% 11%
3% 1%
1%
1%
0%
2%
Direct utilization of geothermal power
Geothermal heat pump
Bathing and swimming
Space heating
Greenhouse heating
Aquaculture pond heating
Industrial uses
Cooling/Snow melting
Agricultural drying
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General information/Direct utilization
54.0
16.2
43.0
48.0
56.0
60.1
78.8
127.9
145.8
184.6
297.7
425.6
666.7
1414.0
22558.3
USA
China
Germany
Italy
Japan
France
Canada
Austria
Turkey
Netherlands
Switzerland
Finland
Norway
Sweden
Iceland
Produced Thermal power per capita kWh/cap/year (2010)
Country [millions] [kWh/cap/year]USA 291 54.0
China 1294.9 16.2
Germany 82.4 43.0
Italy 57.5 48.0
Japan 127.5 56.0
France 59.8 60.1
Canada 31.3 78.8
Austria 8.1 127.9
Turkey 70.3 145.8
Netherlands 16.1 184.6
Switzerland 7.2 297.7
Finland 5.2 425.6
Norway 4.5 666.7
Sweden 8.9 1414.0
Iceland 0.3 22558.3
other 6123.1 3.4
Average heat consumption25 304 kWh/cap/year
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Iceland The world leader
95% of energy that is consumed goes from
Renewable energy sources19-09-2012
Iceland
I need to mention that population of
Iceland = 1.5 x GroningenWe still need to do a lot of work to make geothermal energy real alternative to oil & gas
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Scope of Application
1. Direct usage – 48 493 MWt117 778 GWh/year
Temperature of extracted fluid < 150 ˚C
2. Power generation – 10 898 MW67 246 GWh/year
Temperature of extracted fluid > 150 ˚C
4,7 millions of dwellings
12,1 millions of dwellings
Energy savings of38 millions of tones
of oil equivalent annually
Preventing of 33 millions of tones
carbon emissions annually
Preventing of 107 millions of tones
CO2 emissions annually
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Comparison/Resource
0km/10˚C
3km/100˚C
6km/220˚C
Heat pumps, heat exchanger. Private households
Hydrothermal extraction from heated ground water. Direct consumption
Vapor extraction from Dry-rocks. Power Generation, co-generation
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Direct usage
The temperature under the surface stays constant during the year, that is why energy can be withdrawn from the pre-drilled holes under the building and consumed for any applications.
Also thermal energy during summer can be stored for consuming during cold seasons.
Direct usage is the world most spread type of Geothermal energy applications.
Comparison/Usage
Co-generation
Geysers and hot fluid sources can be used as thermal generator that can provide consumers with hot water through the traditional pipelines without burning of fossil fuels.
Also some amount of hot vapor is released from this sources. This vapor can be used as working fluid for turbines of power generators to produce electricity.
Power Generation
Core of the Earth warms up the rocks under the surface to the high temperatures. We can use its energy to make high-pressure vapor that also will be turning turbines to generate electricity. Exhaust and cold working fluid pumps again to the pore.
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UkrainePerspective regions
Theoretical geothermal potential
11 152 MWt
Already installed
10.9 MWtOfficial data
AlsoPrivate and
commercial market of heat pumps, etc.
is approx.
4 MWt
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Reference1. Direct utilization of geothermal energy 2010 worldwide review, Lund, John W. Freeston,
Derek H. Boyd, Tonya L., Geothermics, 20112. Geothermal power generation in the world 2005–2010 update report, Bertani Ruggero,
Geothermics, 20123. Energy in the Residential Sector, Fergal O’Leary, Martin Howley, Dr. Brian O Gallachoir,
Energy policy and statistical support unit, 20084. Geothermal Energy in Europe, Gareth Ll. Jones, Herald Ligtenberg, European federation of
Geologics, 20085. The Future of Geothermal Energy, Michelle Kubik, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
20066. Перспективы развития и использования возобновляемых энергетических ресурсов в
Украине, Локтев, 3,Захарченко, Д, Механізм регулювання економіки, 2011
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