Geo-referencing concepts for fisheries data interoperability

Geo-referencing concepts for fisheries data interoperabilityEmmanuel BlondelFood & Agriculture Organization of the UNFisheries & Aquaculture Department

[email protected] RDA 9th Plenary meeting06/04/2017 – Barcelone, Spain

mailto:[email protected]

Geo-referencing concepts for fisheries data interoperability

• Synergy between RDA Fisheries Data interoperability WG and Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics

• Scope and definitions• Scope of “Fisheries data”?• Geo-referencing / geographic dimension

• Geo-referencing for fisheries data• Levels of geo-referencing• Data and Metadata standards

RDA 9th Plenary, April 2017, Barcelona, Spain

CWP GIS task group

CWP: Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics (http://www.fao.org/fishery/cwp/en), comprising several international organizations with responsibilities in fishery statistics Format

GIS task group: 3 activities1- Provide recommendations on spatial gridded systems for

fisheries data reporting2- Strengthening promotion and implementation of

geographic information standards & best practices3- Inventory GIS reference datasets and layers relevant for

fishery & aquaculture


http://www.fao.org/fishery/cwp/en

Scope and DefinitionsFisheries data?

Fishery(-dependent) dataCommercial / recreational sources

Amount (catch, landings), Effort By-catch, Discarded species

Fishery(-independent) dataScientific surveys

Biological data, Acoustic data, Environmental data

Fishery information & knowledge managementReference geographic datasetsDerivate datasets & information


Scope and DefinitionsGeo-referencing levels

1- Geo-coordinates (raw)2- Classification systems

Spatial locations / sitesGridded systems

(aggregated)Area systems (aggregated)

3- Coding systems Grid Encoding/Decoding

systemsCode lists (Area types, Areas)Registries


Scope and DefinitionsGeo-referencing levels

4- (Meta)data Formats in support to geo-referencing

Standard vs. Non-standardGIS orientedStatistics oriented

5- Web-Services in support to geo-referencing

Standard vs. Non-standardGIS orientedStatistics oriented

1- Geo-coordinates (raw)2- Classification systems

Spatial locations / sitesGridded systems

(aggregated)Area systems (aggregated)

3- Coding systems Grid Encoding/Decoding

systemsCode lists (Area types, Areas)Registries


Geo-referencing levelsGeographic coordinates

Raw locations (finest resolution), Longitude / LatitudeWriting conventions

Decimal Degrees (DD) – preferredDegrees, Minutes, Seconds (DMS)Standards & best practices:

OGC Simple Feature Specification + WKTIntegrated formats

CSV (non-standard, combined with WKT)OGC GeoJSONOGC GML

Metadata requirementsPositioning System (e.g. GPS), Material, Precision Geographic Reference System / RS, projected systems WGS84, North American, ED50, OSGB36

Standards & best practices: EPSG code & URN notation

urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326

OGC WKT CRSAxis Ordering: Lon/Lat (x/y) or Lat/Lon

OGC Axis ordering policy http://www.ogcnetwork.net/node/491


Source: GeoServer

http://www.ogcnetwork.net/node/491

http://www.ogcnetwork.net/node/491

http://docs.geoserver.org/latest/en/user/services/wfs/basics.html

Geo-referencing levelsClassification and Coding systems

Classification systemsArea Grid systems (polygon)

RegularType of unit(square, rectangle)Grid resolution


Coding systemsEncoding/Decoding mechanismsPros:

Bridge to/from Statistics domain(and other standards)Coding systems InteroperabilityFacilitated by data management tools (e.g. i-Marine/BlueBridge)Flexibility for data managersSuitable for aggregated and summarized public data

Cons:Aggregated dataInteroperability is partial (depends on coding systems characteristics, resolution).

• Areal Grid coding systemCurrently recommended by the CWP on Fishery Statisticshttp://www.fao.org/fishery/cwp/handbook/G/enOnly used by IOTC (Tuna RFMO), FAO (for Tuna Atlas)

• C-squares coding systemhttp://www.cmar.csiro.au/csquares/about-csquares.htm

• ICES rectangleshttp://www.ices.dk/marine-data/maps/Pages/ICES-statistical-rectangles.aspx

http://www.fao.org/fishery/cwp/handbook/G/en

http://www.cmar.csiro.au/csquares/about-csquares.htm

http://www.ices.dk/marine-data/maps/Pages/ICES-statistical-rectangles.aspx

http://www.ices.dk/marine-data/maps/Pages/ICES-statistical-rectangles.aspx



Source: FAO / CWP



8.20 (lon) 38.77 (lat)

6134005 (Areal grid system – 5deg)1300:4 (C-squares – 5deg)

06F8 (ICES rectangle)1300:488 (C-squares – 1deg)


Classification systemsArea systems (polygon)

AggregatedIrregularPossible hierarchies / breakdown

Statistical areas, Reporting areas,Jurisdictional areas, Competence areasManagement areas (protected, restrictions,closures) / units, etc.

Locations / Sites (point)Ports, landing sites, sampling sites, etc.

Transects (line)


Coding systems

Geo-codelists

Registries

Geo-referencing levelsArea system classification for fisheries data?


No Fisheries data area types common vocabulary Towards building fisheries data vocabularies

(definitions, code list)?

ISO 19115 Topic categories

? ?

?

Fishery Statistical area

Reporting area

Competence area

Jurisdiction areaManagement unit

Asssessment / Distribution area Fishing area

Geo-referencing levelsGIS & Integrated Fisheries data formats


Geometry formats fishery dataIn the GIS domain

OGC Simple Feature / WKTOGC GML / GeoJSON

In the Statistics domainSDMX: No support for geometry. Requires geo-classification systems (grid coding systems, codelists / registries)

Integrated fishery data formats (combining geographic data with other concepts and dimensions, and statistical values)

In the GIS domainCSV (+WKT)OGC GML / GeoJSONNo real support for Data Structure Definition (DSD)e.g. GML FeatureType description is incompleteNeed for enriching data with DSD

In the Statistics domainSDMX formatsSupport for Data Structure Definitions

Geo-referencing levelsGIS Metadata standards in support to fisheries data


ISO/OGC geographic metadata standardsISO 19115 – Geographic metadata19115:2003, 19115:2014 revision, ISO 19139 – XMLRelevant metadata elements in support to fisheries data discovery(non-exhaustive list)

Fisheries data vocabularies / global attributesTopic Categories: limited (too general)Keywords Set / Thesaurus: flexible

• possibility to handle custom and multiple thesaurus for data geographic dimension (fishery area types) or other concepts (species, gear, etc.)• simple keywords or URIsData extents: Geographic, Temporal, Vertical

ISO 19110 – Feature CataloguingExtending ISO 19115 geographic metadata

Usable for fishery data structure definitions?NetCDF-CF: metadata & data structure elements, mapping to ISO metadata

Geo-referencing levelsStandard services in support to fisheries data


GIS domainData access/discovery services

OGC Web Feature/Map Service (WFS/WMS)Data as GML, GeoJSON, CSVOGC Web Coverage Service (WCS)?Unidata / OpenDAPData/Metadata as NetCDFOGC Catalogue Service for the Web (CSW)ISO/OGC 19115-19119 Metadata, 19139 (XML)(+ ISO 19110 – Feature Cataloguing)

Statistical domainData access/discovery services

SDMX APIs

Data retrieval (client) services available for users and machines

Geo-referencing levels


DAT

AM

ETAD

ATA

Geo-coordinates Classif. systems Coding systems GISformats

Webservices

• Reporting spatial Reference System(s)• Positioning system, material, precision

Geographic coordinates• Raw locations• Decimal Degrees • Deg/Minutes/Seconds (as “text” information)

Location / Sites Transects

Area systemsAggregated - Irregular

Grid systemsAggregated - Regular

Registries Landing sites

Area code listsStat. areas, admin. units,Fishing area, jurisdiction,

Square-based systemsAreal grid, C-squareRectangle-based systemsICES rectangles

Registry of Reference systems

• Registry / code list management metadata• Grid coding systems- definition, methodogy- grid resolution- Encoding/decoding rules

• SRS EPSG registry

OGC GML, GeoJSON, KML

OpenDAPThredds

ISO/OGC 19115/19119, 19139 XMLISO 19110 – Feature Cataloguing,for data structures

SDMX -ML,SDMX JSONData, Data Structure

OGC

WFS (data)WMS (maps)

OGC SFS/WKT

OGC WKT CRS

Unidata / OGCnetCDF –CF

OGC CSW

SDMX APIs

ESRI Shapefile

CSV, JSON

Integrated formats

Other GIS formats & services?

Other Stat. formats & services?

SDMX APIs?

FAO Fisheries knowledge base

Aquatic Species distributions

Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems

FIRMS Stocks & Fisheries

Regional Fishery Bodies

Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems

Sharks conservation/ management measures

Port State measures

FIRMS Stocks & Fisheries

Regional Fishery Bodies

Aquatic species

Thematic Map Viewers

Factsheet Maps

FAO Fisheries & AquacultureGeo-referenced Knowledge Base

OGC/ISO 19115-19139 INSPIREOGC / CSW

OGC GeoAPI

OGC / WMS

OGC / WFS

Metadata enforcing

Metadata enforcing

ASFIS

WoRMS


OGC GeoAPI

Standard Vocabularies(species names & codes)

Link to other domain systems Statistics, Linked Open Data

Interoperability with other Search Engines

OGC / WMS

OGC / WFS

Metadata enforcing



Metadata enforcingData & Metadata publication flows

GIS fishery reference data collectionsGIS Enforcing Metadata and Semantics (GEMS)

Built on standardsOGC GeoAPI, OGC WMS/WFS, ISO/OGC 19115/19139 metadata

Java technology:Apache SIS / Geotoolkit for ISO Metadata productionAPI Client libraries: GeoServer / GeoNetwork managers

Supported by


Metadata enforcing – Emerging needsIncreasing Need to create, publish, update metadata in flexible way

Mapping metadata:To data harmonization/processings/models outputs From existing metadata sources NetCDF-CF

Generating metadata through easy-to-use scripting approach.Pushing on R open solutions (packages) for:

ISO/OGC 19139 metadata model (read, write)Interfaces to GIS Data / Metadata publication APIs

Building metadata templating solutions, relying on common fisheries data vocabularies (for spatial and other data dimensions)


Metadata enforcing – Emerging needsRDA Use Case – Tuna fisheries data Atlas

Mainly supported by i-Marine/BlueBridge, and building on shared FAO GIS knowledge & practices.

Work with BlueBridge partners (FAO, IRD, CNR, etc.)

Objectives: Building on CWP and RDA recommandations: Standardized, transparent and sustainable data ingestion flow from Tuna RFMOs into a common Tuna fisheries database.Standard public access & discovery of Tuna regional and global fishery geo-referenced datasets, annotated with harmonized fisheries data vocabularies, through complementary Geospatial (OGC) and Statistical approachesEnhanced Tuna fisheries data portal

Thanks for your attention

Geo-referencing concepts for fisheries data interoperability

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