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CLASS X GEOGRAPHY PROJECT FA-2 GROUP ACTIVITYTOPIC:DAMS-THE TEMPLES OF MODERN INDIA

TEACHER-IN CHARGE:MRS.GIJYLAL KURIAN DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE INDIAN SCHOOL AL-GHUBRA,MUSCAT SULTANATE OF OMANWhat are dams?Adamis a barrier thatimpoundswateror underground streams. The reservoirs created by dams not only suppress floods but provide water for various needs to includeirrigation,human consumption,industrial use, aquacultureandnavigability.

- NUKREK DAM,TAJIKISTHAN

Classification of DamsArch dams -

Gravity dams -

Arch-gravity dams - BY STRUCTUREBarrages -

Embankment dams -

Rock fill dams -

LARGE DAMS Dams higher than 15 meters are called Large dams.

Major dams Damsover 150 meters in height are known as Major dams.

Rivers and their Dams

SARDAR SAROVAR DAMThe Sardar Sarovar Dam is a gravity dam on the Narmada river near Navagam, Gujarat in India.It is the largest dam and part of the Narmada Valley Project, a large hydraulic engineering project involving the construction of a series of large irrigation and hydroelectric multi-purpose dams on the Narmada river. The project took form in 1979 as part of a development scheme to increase irrigation and produce hydroelectricity.One of the 30 dams planned on river Narmada, Sardar Sarovar Dam (SSD) is the largest structure to be built. Following a number of controversial cases before the Supreme Court of India (1999, 2000, 2003), by 2014 the Narmada Control Authority had approved a series of changes in the final height and the associated displacement caused by the increased reservoir, from the original 80 m (260 ft.) to a final 163 m (535 ft.) from foundation.Advantages of Sardar Sarovar DamThe benefits of the dam as listed in the Judgement of the Supreme Court of India in 2000 were:"The argument in favour of the Sardar Sarovar Project is that the benefits are so large that they substantially outweigh the costs of the immediate human and environmental disruption. Without the dam, the long term costs for people would be much greater and lack of an income source for future generations would put increasing pressure on the environment. If the water of the Narmada river continues to flow to the sea unused, there appears to be no alternative to escalating human deprivation, particularly in the dry areas of Gujarat.

- SARDAR SAROVAR DAM

DISADVANTAGES of Sardar sarovar damDespite the existence of explicit operational benefits the Sardar Sarovar project has been the most controversial and much debated project in the contemporary India and across the globe. The submergence created by the dam has a number of direct and adverse impacts. However, there is no greater impact than the ousting of hundreds of thousands of people. The main issue, which is still the object of the debate, is the most fundamental one, the number of people who are displaced by the dam. It was estimated at that time that 6,147 families were displaced. By the early 1990s the report given by the five member group gave a figure of 40,245 families affected by the SSP.Social Movements Against Sardar Sarovar DamNarmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) is a social movement consisting of Adivasi's, farmers, environmentalists, and human rights activists against a number of large dams being built across the Narmada river. The river flows through the states of Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh in India. Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat is one of the biggest dams on the river and was one of the first focal points of the movement.Their mode of campaign includes hunger strikes and garnering support from film and art personalities (notably Bollywood actor Aamir Khan). Narmada Bachao Andolan, with its leading spokespersons Medha Patkar and Baba Amte, received the Right Livelihood Award in 1991.

- MEDHA PATKAR - BABA AMTE

INTERSTATE WATER DISPUTES GODAVARI WATER DISPUTESTATES INVOLVED-Andhra Pradesh ,Karnataka , Maharashtra,Telangana DAMS INVOLVED Dhavaleshwaram Dam ,Jayakwadi Dam2) NARMADA WATER DISPUTESTATES INVOLVED-Gujarat , Madhya Pradesh , Rajasthan , Maharashtra DAM INVOLVED-SARDAR SAROVAR DAM3) KAVERI WATER DISPUTESTATES INVOLVED-Karnataka ,Tamil NaduDAM INVOLVED-HARANGI DAM4) ALIYAR WATER DISPUTESTATES INVOLVED-Kerala , Tamil NaduDAMS INVOLVED-Aliyar dam5) MAHI WATER DISPUTESTATES INVOLVED-GUJARAT,MADHYA PRADESH,RAJASTHANDAMS INVOLVED-Banswara Dam ,kadana DamQuriyat damsultanate of Oman QURIYAT DAMCONSTRUCTED OVER WADI DAYQAH.IT BELONGS TO THE CATEGORY OF MAJOR DAMSIT IS LOCATED NEAR SMALL VILLAGE , QURAYYAT.

The Wadi Dayqah Dam or QURIYAT Dam represents one of the most important projects implemented by the Sultanate of Oman to ensure sustainability of water resources.

Done byMAHEEDHAR.B(GROUP LEADER)MUKESH.R.PSACHIN.D.SSOOFI .O.AEDEN.YTHOMAS.J