Genghis KhanGenghis Khan and the Making of the Modern and the Making of the Modern

WorldWorld

By Jack WeatherfordPower point by Laura Santoso

The Reign of Terror The Reign of Terror on the Steppe:on the Steppe:

1162 - 1206

Part I

The Blood Clot

• G.K. was born to an abducted woman with a blood clot in his hand

• Brought up nomadically in the steppe of northern Mongolia (good survival skills)– Steppe: dry plain without trees

• He killed his brother after his father died• His family was ostracized by his clan• Was enslaved by a rival tribe, but escaped• Bonds & characteristics developed in his

childhood helped G.K. later

Tale of Three Rivers

• G.K. chose to go down one river to realign with a clan leader

• After numerous raids and rivalries in the steppe, G.K. lead a large clan underneath the older leader who took him in

• G.K. reformed: – he gave positions based on allegiance– accepted conquered people– and grouped the army in tens to enforce

loyalty

War of the Khans

• G.K.’s older leader secretly betrayed G.K., but G.K. found out and using innovative battle tactics defeated him

• G.K. killed off all leadership threats • He united all the nomadic tribes • G.K.’s 10s system kept people loyal• G.K. created the Great Law to keep peace

& prosperity among his people• Had religious tolerance (Christianity,

Buddhism, Islam practiced throughout)

The Mongol The Mongol World War:World War:

1211 - 1261

Part II

Spitting on the Golden Khan

• G.K. conquered the Jurched (Chinese) powers, looted their goods and gained control of their trade (silk road)

• G.K. distributes goods among his people evenly, took in skilled people

• Created trade treaty with Muslims (whom he defended), but they attacked his merchants

• G.K. needs to conquer the Muslims to control all major trade exchanges

Sultan Versus Khan

• The Mongols conquered the cities of central Asia over a course of 4 years

• They gained sophisticated education and much wealth (stored in warehouses)

• Justice to those who surrendered; destruction to those who resisted

• Propaganda used to scare the enemy• G.K. (now in his 60s) and his sons decided

that after G.K.’s death his third oldest son (Ogodei) would be the next Great Khan

The Discovery and Conquest of Europe

• Ogodei spent their wealth excessively to try to attract traders to their newly built stationary capital

• Paper money was developed• Needing more wealth, Subodei (G.K.’s

general) and Buta (one of G.K.’s grandons) went to conquer Europe

• In a 5 year campaign, the Mongols conquered the Bulgars, Russians, Hungarians, Germans, and the Poles using battle tactics and the combined warfare technology of the Muslims and Chinese

Warring Queens

• After Ogodei died, wives and mothers competed to have their child success

• Mongke (a grandson of G.K. with a powerful mother) was the only successor to be acknowledged by all as the Great Khan

• Under his rule the Mongols conquered everything up to the Mediterranean (including the Arabs and Crusaders) After Mongke died, the campaign for Sung China died off as well

• Kubilai Khan became next leader but the empire became divided under different administrations

The Global The Global Awakening:Awakening:

1262 - 1962

Part III

Khubilai Khan and the New Mongol Empire

• K.K. conquered and unified China and the surrounding countries by appealing to the public

• K.K. reformed/enforced Chinese Policy• Refined the monetary system (paper

money)• Promoted education and entertainment• Strong leaders from heaven to the Chinese• Mongol naval attempts to conquer Japan

and Indonesia pushed them to unify• However, frivolous attitudes would lose the

great Mongol Empire developed by G.K.

Their Golden Light

• Mongol conquests ended, but intercontinental peace prolonged

• Commercial trade routes were maintained even after Mongol decline

• Water transportation, astronomy, agriculture, and printing technology were all encouraged

• Mongols used practical ideas• Europe benefited in trade and technology

without actually getting conquered

The Empire of Illusion

• A plague spread from intercontinental communication in the 1300s turmoil

• Europe became isolated, countries cut off from each other b/c of the plague

• The Mongol govt. became unstable and lost control to native rulers in China and their other territories

• Europe had a disowning attitude against Asia and G.K. while Asia admired G.K.

• Future military leaders would look to Mongol techniques (ex: Germans in WWII)