Genex U-net Introduction(FILEminimizer)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

CONFIDENTIAL

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www.huawei.com

GENEX U-Net

Introduction

ISSUE 4.0

RNP Staff Training Dept.


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Page 3

References

U-Net User Manual


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Page 4

After this course, you will：

Comprehend the features and

functions of GENEX U-Net

Master how to use U-Net to plan a

network step by step

Know how to use U-Net for HSDPA

planning

Objectives


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Page 5

1 GENEX Overview

2 GENEX U-Net Features

3 How to use U-Net to plan a network

4 Using U-Net for HSDPA planning

Contents


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Page 6

RNC

GENEX U-Net

Radio Network Planning Tool

Downlink + Uplink

GENEX Probe

GENEX Test Mobile

GENEX Assistant

Test & Post-Process Tools

GENEX Nastar

Network Performance Analysis System

GENEX U-Net is a radio planning

tool that fully supports the

technologies of GSM,GPRS-EDGE,

CDMA IS95,

WCDMA/UMTS/HSDPA, CDMA

2000/1xRTT/1xEVDO, and TD-

SCDMA wireless networks.

The GENEX Probe, network

optimization and drive test data

collection system, is an air interface

test tool for

WCDMA/HSDPA/GSM/GPRS

networks.

GENEX Assistant is a professional

wireless test data post-processing

software system.

GENEX Nastar is a platform for

monitoring and optimizing the

performance of

GSM/CDMA/WCDMA wireless

networks

Huawei GENEX Family


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Page 7

Whole Flow Overview

Radio Network Planning

Tool

Air Interface Test Tool and

Post-Processing Tool

Network Performance

Analysis Tool

Make full use of

network resource

GENEX covers

the network

lifecycle


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Page 8

GENEX Partners in The World Applied in the Huawei 2G and 3G planning and

optimization projects

Covers more than forty countries, including

commercial and pilot network

Assists the renowned operators in establishing and

optimizing the network with high quality.

The network operators include but not limited to: China

Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom, China Netcom,

Vodafone, PBTL, T-Mobile, Orange, CellPlus,

PCCW(Sunday), Telecom, eMobile.

Aims at consistently providing the customers with

professional and high-level solutions for network planning

and optimization.

Employed by network operators and designing institutes all

over 26 provinces and municipalities

Integrates the experiences of renowned operators,

advancing with customers hand by hand.


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Page 9

1 GENEX Overview




Contents


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Page 10

U-Net Overview

A professional radio network design tool, supporting GSM/TDMA,

GPRS-EDGE, CDMAOne, W-CDMA/UMTS and CDMA 2000/1x

RTT/EVDO. It is specially designed for 3G.

Support both single system configuration and Enterprise server-

based network configuration. The single system configuration does

not require connecting external database and users still can share

engineering data.

With modern software structure as well as open and extendable

platform.


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Page 11

Pre-

planning

module

Network

dimensionin

g

U-Net Base Module－required

(including GSM network planning and prediction)

Measurements

module

Test Mobile data

CW test data

Propagation

model tuning

AFP Module

(GSM)

Automatic Frequency Planning

DT Module

2G DT data

for coverage prediction

2G DT data for

propagation model tuning

MicroWave Module

Microwave

management & analysis

3G module

Prediction and

simulation for WCDMA

& CDMA2000/1xRTT/EV-

DO

Modules


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U-Net Work Station

PC Pentium3 processor or better

more than 256 MB memory. 512 MB memory is suggested

Windows NT 4.0/Windows 2000 Professional/Windows XP

U-Net stand-alone version needs no external database

Multi-user structure supports the following database

management system (Single user does not apply)

Microsoft Access 97/2000

Microsoft SQL Server 7.0

Oracle v8.1.7 or higher

Sybase Adaptive Server V 11.5

System Requirement


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Vector

raster

DTM

Database for World Coordinate System

(about 980 kinds)

Support various map formats:

Raster data：BIL, TIF, BMP, MapInfo, ArcView,

ERDAS Imagine, MSI Planet...

Vector data

Support various resolutions:

1 meter precision at most

Support various map types

Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

clutter type data ( Type and Elevation)

Three-dimensional architectural data (raster and vector data)

Traffic data and Population-density data

Satellite and navigation map

Vector data

Powerful Geography Information System


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Advanced database structure

Flexible database structure, support multi-user through standard RDBMS (MS Access, MS SQL Server V7, Oracle V8, Sybase)

Security management

Database consistency

Database connection/disconnection

Stand-alone/distributed/client-server

Multi-user Management

Server1 Server2 Server3

user 1 user 2 user 3 user 4 user 5 user 6 user 7

Workstation 2 Workstation 3 Workstation 1 Workstation 4

Server1 Server2 Workstation 2 Workstation 3 Workstation 1 Workstation 4


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Page 15

TransmitterArea calculated

using a macrocell

model

Area calculated

using a

microcell model

Influence simulation results:

Factor I: precision of propagation model

Modern Propagation Calculation Engine: Define propagation module on different levels:

sectors, sites, zones or layers.

Support geo databases with various resolutions

Path loss matrix with dual-resolution per transmitter

Distributed calculation

Integrated Propagation Modules: SPM Standard Propagation Module

Okumura-Hata 和 Cost-Hata

ITU 526-5 and ITU 370-7 Propagation Module

Longley-Rice and WLL Propagation Module

Interfaces Open to Exterior Modules Integrate exterior propagation modules via API

Integrate the existing third party propagation modules

completely,

e.g. : Wavesight, Volcano, Winpro.

Propagation Model


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Page 16

Import CW Measurement Data :

Import and display CW data

Prediction /measurement comparison and statistics

analysis

Automatically correction of propagation modules

according to CW measurement.

Import Measurement Data for Mobile Testing

Import, display and analyze testing mobile data.

Replay on the map according to routes defined by users.

Analyze and display paging events.

Support generic ASCII and industry-specific standard

formats.

Automatically correction of propagation modules

using mobile-testing drive test data.

Measurement Module


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Page 17

For each user

Service

– Circuit / packet

– Active factor

– Nominal rate

– Traffic power

Equipment

Ec/Io threshold

Mobility

Traffic map

Based on environment

Based on live traffic data

Based on traffic density

WCDMA Traffic model

Traffic

Model

User

Density

Terminals Mobility Services

User

Profile

Influence simulation results:

Factor II: precision of traffic model

Traffic Model


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Page 18

Monte Carlo simulation

Outputs

reports

statistics

More than 100 kinds predictions

For advanced analysis

Parameters for each user in every snapshot

(UL load, DL load, rejection reason, etc.)

Simulation


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Page 19

Point Analysis

Live Computation (without considering path loss matrix).

Path Profile

Diffraction

Loss

Diffraction peak (different

propagation modules have

different peaks).

the angle of the LOS

read in the antenna

vertical pattern

Indication of

interference (If it is

considered in modules).

LOS

Estimated

shadow

margins

Distance

between Tx-

Rx

Modules

used

Signal Level at

the receiver’s end

Types of TRX (or

carriers in UMTS and

CDMA/CDMA2000

Studied

transmitters

and

repeaters

10GHz

ellipse

DTM


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Page 20

Point Analysis

Radio reception diagnosis for a given point

Choose an existing

simulation and check its

load conditions on UL and

DL.

Definition of user-

definable “probe”

receiver

Analysis of specific

carrier or all

carriers (Carriers

are considered as

sets in site

equipment).

Availability of

traffic on UL and

DL

Cells in mobile

active set (grey

area)

Cells outside

active set (white

area)

Threshold for best server that

becomes part of active set. (It

varies with different mobility

types).

Active set threshold (best

pilot quality – active set

threshold0.

Availability of

Pilot


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1 GENEX Overview




Contents


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Page 22

Simulation step by step

Link budget

Analysis

Setup

network

Design

Run Pilot

Field

Strength

Prediction

Pilot

Level

OK?

Traffic

Forecast

Avail?

Run UMTS

Traffic

simulation

Setup fixed

Load values

Make predictions

(Services)

Performance

Requirements

Fulfilled?

Neighbors planning&

Scrambling code

allocation

RNP Input & Equipment

configuration

Neighborhood

planning criteria

Scrambling code

allocation criteria

Output

parameters

YES

NO

YES

NO

YES

NO

Traffic model


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Page 23

Network Modeling

Geo data －digital map

Propagation Model

Network database


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Digital Map Digital map is used for planning basically consists of the following three

components, stored under three directories respectively.

\Heights

Digital Terrain Model (DTM): stored in a binary format where each

element of the data represents the height above sea level in meters for

a square area. Directly participate in radio propagation model

calculation.

\Clutter

Digital Land Use (DLU): stored in a binary format with each element

of the data containing a code corresponding to a category of land

usage for a square area, such as forest, lake, open area, industrial

area, urban area, high-storey building area. It is used during

calculating radio propagation path loss.

\Vector

Linear vector Model (LDM): linear vector data describes plane

distribution and space relationship of linear clutters, including

speedway, street and river.

For Planet format map, Linear (2D) vector data is stored in ASCII

DOS format and requires following types of input file - an index file,

a menu file, and one or several vector data files.


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Digital Map For high resolution digital map, there are another two

kinds of maps which describe the building height.

\Clutter Height

Digital Height Model (DHM): format is exactly the same as the

DTM format except that the height values stored represent

clutter height above ground level, that is, flat earth. Where

clutter is open, values should be 0m.

\3D Vector

3D vector data describe the shapes of clutters but also their

heights in great detail. 3D vector data is expected to contain

at least building contours and heights but contours and

heights are also recommended for other clutters (e.g.

vegetation, water…).

For Planet format map, 3D vector data is stored in ASCII

DOS format and requires following types of input file – an

index file, a menu file, and one or several couples of

vector data files + vector 3D attributes files.


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Page 26

Projection (Primary) coordinate system: It is a coordinate system of

geographical database which depends on the imported geographic file.

(Usually, projection system can be found in Projection file in DTM map directory).

Display coordinate system: it is a coordinate system for display and

data-input. All the geographical coordinates are displayed and input

according to this system. If the projection coordinate system and the

display coordinate system do not match with each other, U-Net will

adjust them.

U-Net works with the following two coordinate systems at

the same time:

Selecting coordinate system


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Page 27

Propagation Model

Model Frequency

band Take into account Required settings Recommended use

Longley-

Rice

(theoretical)

– 40 MHz Terrain profile

Reflection Calibration

- Flat areas

- Very low frequencies

ITU 370-7

Vienna 93

100 MHz –

400 MHz - Terrain profile

-Percentage time while real

field > calculated field

- Long distances (d>10km)

- Low frequencies

ITU 526-5

(theoretical)

30 - 10.000

MHz

- Terrain profile

- Diffraction (3 knife-edge Deygout

method)

Fixed receivers

WLL 30 - 10.000

MHz

- Terrain profile

- Deterministic clutter

- Diffraction (3 knife-edge Deygout

method)

- Free space loss

- Receiver height and

clearance per clutter

Fixed receivers

> Microwave links

Okumura-

Hata

150 - 1.000

MHz

- Terrain profile

- Statistical clutter (at the receiver)

- 1 formula per clutter

- Reflection

- With diffraction or not

- Urban loss + correction

a(Hr)

1 < d < 20 km

> GSM 900

> CDMA/CDMA2000

Cost-Hata 1.500 - 2.000

MHz

- Terrain profile

- Statistical clutter (at the receiver)

- 1 formula per clutter

- Reflection

- With diffraction or not

- Urban loss + correction

a(Hr)

1 < d < 20 km

> GSM 1800

> UMTS

Standard

Propagation

Model

150 - 2.000

MHz

- Terrain profile

- Statistical clutter

- Effective antenna height

- With diffraction weight

- K1, ..., K6 (single formula)

- LOS or NLOS

differentiation

- Loss per clutter with

clutter weighting

- Receiver clearance

1 < d < 20 km

> GSM 900

> GSM 1800

> UMTS

> CDMA/CDMA2000

(Automatic calibration available)


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Page 28

Standard Propagation Model (SPM）

PathLoss=K1 + K2log(d) + K3log(HTxeff) + K4×Diffraction

+ K5log(d)×log(HTxeff) + K6(HRxeff) + Kclutter×f(clutter)

K1: Constant offset (dB)

K2: Multiplying factor for log(d)

d: Distance between the receiver and the transmitter (m)

K3: Multiplying factor for log(HTxeff)

HTxeff: Effective height of the transmitter antenna (m)

K4: Multiplying factor for diffraction calculation. K4 has to be a positive

number

Diffraction loss: Losses due to diffraction over an obstructed path (dB)

K5: Multiplying factor for log(HTxeff)log(d)

K6: Multiplying factor for HRxeff

HRxeff: Mobile antenna height (m)

Kclutter: Multiplying factor for f(clutter).

f(clutter): Average of weighted losses due to clutter


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Page 29

Network Database Sites A site is a geographical point where one or several transmitters (multi-sector

site or station) equipped with antennas with particular characteristics are

located.


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Page 30

Network Database

CE (Channel Element) Consumption The number of channel element required by a site depends on site

equipment, bearer type and link direction (UL or DL)

Example of CE Consumption (Huawei NodeB)

Bearer Name Nb CEs used

(UL)

Nb CEs used

(DL)

AMR 12.2 1 1

CS64 3 2

PS128 5 4

PS144 5 4

PS384 10 8

PS64 3 2


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Network Database

Horizontal Pattern Vertical Pattern

Other Properties: Manufacturer, Gain (dBi), Beamwidth, Frequency


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Network Database

Transmitters A transmitter is the source or generator of any signal on a transmission

medium. A transmitter is a piece of equipment composed of some

antennas located on a site.


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Page 33

Transmitter Parameters

Average frequency (FDD)

used by propagation model

Carrier number

Spread bandwidth

Io calculation mode

• Total noise

• Without pilot Nt calculation mode

• Total noise

• Without useful signal (signal of the

considered cell)

Default remaining

orthogonality factor at the

receiver

Maximal Ratio Combining in

softer/soft (2 sites, 3 Txs) (use both

of rake factor and UL Macro-

diversity gain) Gain applied to the max Eb/Nt on several links in SHO

in order to determine the resulting quality at the RNC


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Page 34

Cells Each carrier on a transmitter defines a WCDMA cell; cell gives the

carrier characteristics on a transmitter.

Network Database


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Page 35

Transmitter Equipment Parameters

U-Net provides two ways to calculate

transmission/reception losses:

Use losses of TMA and feeder to

calculate

Directly set in Transmitters table


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Page 36

Link budget

Analysis

Setup

network

Design

Run Pilot

Field

Strength

Prediction

Pilot

Level

OK?

Traffic

Forecast

Avail?

Run UMTS

Traffic

simulation

Setup fixed

Load values

Make predictions

(Services)

Performance

Requirements

Fulfilled?

Neighbors planning&

Scrambling code

allocation


configuration

Neighborhood

planning criteria

Scrambling code

allocation criteria

Output

parameters

YES

NO

YES

NO

YES

NO

Traffic model



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Page 37

Predictions

1. Predictions without simulation

(Independent of Traffic)

2. Predictions with simulations

(Dependent on traffic)


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Page 38

Predictions without simulation

Coverage by

transmitter: Display the

best server coverage

Coverage by signal

level: Display the signal

level across the studied

area

Overlapping zones:

Display the signal level

across the studied area


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Page 39

Coverage Prediction Parameters

Setting the following parameters:

Signal level threshold value: defaulted as -

120dBm and the maximum value has no upper

limit.

All Servers or Best Server: usually select Best

server so as to be convenient to observe the

coverage of the best cell.

Signal level margin of the best cell: defaulted as

0.

Cell Edge Coverage Probability: if shadow

fading needs not taken into account, set 50%;

by default, shadow fading with 75% probability

has taken into account.

Indoor Coverage: if checked, indoor loss set for

each clutter has taken into account.

Carrier: select a specific carrier

or all carriers, when “All” be

selected, U-Net calculates the

best carrier for each transmitter.


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Page 40

Computation Zone Usually, Computation Zone needs to be drawn before predictions.

Specially,

– The computation zone may consist of several polygons. Draw a first

polygon or select the existing zone on the map, then select the Combine tool

of the Vector Edition bar and draw another polygon.

– The computation zone may be holed. Draw a polygon or select the existing

zone on the map, then select the Delete tool of the Vector Edition bar and

delete the part you want to remove from the polygon.

Combine:

Delete:


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Page 41

Link budget

Analysis

Setup

network

Design

Run Pilot

Field

Strength

Prediction

Pilot

Level

OK?

Traffic

Forecast

Avail?

Run UMTS

Traffic

simulation

Setup fixed

Load values

Make predictions

(Services)

Performance

Requirements

Fulfilled?

Neighbors planning&

Scrambling code

allocation


configuration

Neighborhood

planning criteria

Scrambling code

allocation criteria

Output

parameters

YES

NO

YES

NO

YES

NO

Traffic model



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Page 42

Traffic Modeling

Environments

User profiles

Terminals

Mobility type

Services


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Services

Service name

Min and max allowed transmitter traffic

power per link

• Circuit : DL and UL activity factors

(DTX - Time)

• Packet : DL and UL packet efficiency

factors (unsuccessful data

retransmission)

DL and UL coding factors (rate)

DL and UL nominal rate (kbps) (seen by

the user)

Service priority (0 : lowest)

Macro-diversity use

Type of service

Body loss used in link budget


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Page 44

Services

DL and UL Eb/Nt targets per mobility

Service Name, eg. Voice, VP, Web,

Streaming etc.

Active factor/Efficiency factor

Nominal rate (UL & DL)

Body Loss (dB)

Max/Min DL TCH Power (dBm)

Eb/Nt corresponding to Mobility


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Page 45

Name: eg. 50km/h, 90km/h, Pedestrian etc.

Ec/Io threshold: the minimum Ec/Io required from a transmitter to enter the

active set. In the U-Net, this value is verified for the best server.

Values refer to WCDMA/UMTS specifications or commercial network

configuration

Mobility type

Pilot quality threshold

(depending on speed) to define

the best server of a mobile active

set

Mobility type name


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Page 46

Terminals

Minimum and maximum

allowed power (UL) during

power control simulation Gain and loss in terminal

Noise figure used in the DL

load factor determination

Active set size : number of

transmitters which can be

connected to a mobile

(maximum 4 in UMTS)

DL rake factor used for the

signal recombination at

the terminal

Terminal name


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Page 47

Name: e.g. Urban users, Suburban users; or based on user behaviors,

such as Upper users, Lower users etc.

Which terminal do this kind of user use?

For which service?

With which usage characteristics (call number, duration, volume…)

Values come from MI or OMC data.

User profiles

User profile name

Which

service

with which

terminal

Usage frequency with different definition

• Circuit : average number of calls per hour, average duration of a call in seconds

• Packet : DL and UL packet efficiency factors (unsuccessful data retransmission)


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Page 48

Environments

List of user profiles

with associated

mobility and density

Environment

type name

Possible clutter

weighting in order to

get an accurate user

distribution


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Page 49

Create Traffic Map

Map based on Environments

– Each pixel of the map is assigned an environment class

–Traffic map is created based on combination of user profile, user density and mobility

Purpose of traffic map Transfer traffic modeling onto the digital map for UMTS simulations.

Traffic map makes traffic model become meaningful geographically.


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Page 50

Map based on Transmitters and Services

– Based on Best Server Coverage Prediction

– Define throughput or user numbers per service for each transmitter

– Live traffic spread over the service area of each transmitter

Create Traffic Map


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Page 51

Link budget

Analysis

Setup

network

Design

Run Pilot

Field

Strength

Prediction

Pilot

Level

OK?

Traffic

Forecast

Avail?

Run UMTS

Traffic

simulation

Setup fixed

Load values

Make predictions

(Services)

Performance

Requirements

Fulfilled?

Neighbors planning&

Scrambling code

allocation


configuration

Neighborhood

planning criteria

Scrambling code

allocation criteria

Output

parameters

YES

NO

YES

NO

YES

NO

Traffic model



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Page 52

Simulation Basis

Simulation is oriented to simulate the

running situation of networks under

the current network configuration so

as to facilitate decision-making

adjustment.

U-Net use Monte Carlo simulation to

generate user distributions (snapshots)

randomly. By iteration, U-Net get the

uplink/downlink cell loading, the

connection status and rejected reason

for each mobile.

Snapshots, U-Net is able to generate

prediction plots by using a non interfering

mobile (called “probe mobile” or “test

mobile”)


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Page 53

Static Simulation

Generate a certain quantity of network instantaneous state - “Snapshot”.

Here, some MSs or terminals are distributed based on a certain rule (such

as random even distribution) at each “Snapshot”.

Acquire connection capability between terminals and networks by

incremental operation.

Here, it is required to consider the possibility of multiple connection

failure (uplink/downlink traffic channel maximum transmit power,

unavailable channels, low Ec/Io and uplink/downlink interference).

Measure and analyze results of multiple “Snapshots” to have a overall

understanding of network performance.

Monte Carlo simulation is a kind of static simulation.


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Page 54

100% 100% 20% 60%

0% 75% 40% 60%

100% 100% 20% 60%

0% 75% 40% 60%

Monte Carlo Simulation

The following takes coverage probability for an example to further

understand how Monte Carlo simulation is performed.


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Page 55

Monte Carlo Simulation

The overlay measurement results of multiple Snapshots should

be consistent with traffic model.

500mErl

300mErl

1200mErl

1000mErl

50％

30％

120％

100％

X

X

X

X

X X

X

X

X X

X

X

X

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X X

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X 1

1

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4

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3

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2

2 5

5

5

X

X


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Page 56

Simulation Parameters

Name

Number of simulations to

run for the current session

Simulation results contain: •Only the Average Simulation and Statistics

•No Information About Mobiles

•Standard Information About Mobiles

•Detailed Information About Mobiles

Constraints to respect during simulation:

• maximum number of channel elements

• maximum uplink cell load factor

• maximum downlink cell load

• OVSF codes availability


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Page 57

Simulation Parameters (cont.) & Results

Traffic

• Cartography selection

• Optional multiplicative factor

Convergence criteria

• Maximum number of iterations

• UL and DL convergence thresholds

Simulation Parameters Simulation Results


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Page 58

Rejection Reason

Status Main Reason Sub Reason

Ec/Io pilot < Ec/Io min pilot

The signal quality is

not sufficient

On the downlink, the pilot quality is not enough

(no cell in the user active set)

Ptch > Ptch max On the downlink, there is not enough reception

on traffic channel

Pmob > Pmob max On the uplink, there is not enough power to

transmit

Admission rejection

When constraints

above are respected,

the network may be

saturated

The maximum uplink load factor is exceeded (at

admission or congestion) UL load saturation

Channel element saturation There are not enough channel elements on site

DL load saturation There are not enough power for cells

Code saturation There are no more OVSF codes available


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Page 59

Simulation Statistics Request: Total users accessed into the

network, uplink/downlink total

volume required by the

network, and details

classification of each type of

service.

Results: Refused users and relevant

causes, users successfully

accessed, actual volume of the

network, and details

classification of each type of

service.


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Page 60

Link budget

Analysis

Setup

network

Design

Run Pilot

Field

Strength

Prediction

Pilot

Level

OK?

Traffic

Forecast

Avail?

Run UMTS

Traffic

simulation

Setup fixed

Load values

Make predictions

(Services)

Performance

Requirements

Fulfilled?

Neighbors planning&

Scrambling code

allocation


configuration

Neighborhood

planning criteria

Scrambling code

allocation criteria

Output

parameters

YES

NO

YES

NO

YES

NO

Traffic model



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Page 61

Predictions dependent on traffic

Pilot quality (Ec/Io): Displays the

pilot quality across the studied area.

Pilot pollution: Displays pilot

pollution statistics across the studied

area.


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Page 62


Service area (Eb/Nt) uplink: Displays

areas where the traffic channel quality of

probe mobile at transmitter (Eb/Nt) is

sufficient for the transmitter to get a

service. Uplink service area is limited by

maximum terminal power.

Service area (Eb/Nt) downlink: Displays

areas where there is one or more

transmitter of which traffic channel quality at

the receiver (Eb/Nt or combined Eb/Nt) is

sufficient for the probe mobile to obtain a

service.


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Page 63


Handoff Status: Display

areas depending on the probe

mobile handoff status.

Downlink Total Noise: Display areas where the DL

total noise or the DL noise rise

exceeds some user-defined

levels.

Effective service area: Displays the intersection zone

between uplink and downlink

service areas. It is the area

where a service is really

available for the probe mobile.


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Page 64

Link budget

Analysis

Setup

network

Design

Run Pilot

Field

Strength

Prediction

Pilot

Level

OK?

Traffic

Forecast

Avail?

Run UMTS

Traffic

simulation

Setup fixed

Load values

Make predictions

(Services)

Performance

Requirements

Fulfilled?

Neighbors planning&

Scrambling code

allocation


configuration

Neighborhood

planning criteria

Scrambling code

allocation criteria

Output

parameters

YES

NO

YES

NO

YES

NO

Traffic model



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Page 65

Neighbours Automatic Allocation

•Intra-frequency

•Inter-frequency

•Inter-RAT

Display neighbours

on map


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Page 66

Max Number of

Neighbours：usually 32.

Force co-site cells as

neighbours：force co-site

cells to be taken into account.

Force adjacent cells as

neighbours：force adjacent

cells to be neighbours.

Force symmetry：force

neighbour symmetry. Thus,

if B is a neighbour for A, then

A will be also a neighbour for

B.

Force exceptional pairs：force the constraints defined

for exceptional pairs.

Reset neighbours: start the automatic allocation from scratch.

Coverage conditions: eg. Signal Level, Ec/Io, coverage probability etc.

% Min covered area: minimum percent between the overlapping zone and the studied cell coverage area.

Neighbours Automatic Allocation


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Page 67

PSC Automatic Allocation Step1. Define Scrambling Code Format (Decimal or Hexadecimal)

Step2. Create Domain-Group pairs

define the lowest and highest available PSC, separation interval, excluded and extra codes

Step3. Assign Domain to cell

Step4. Automatic Allocation

Each cell and its neighbours

not have the same code

Each cell and the neighbours of its

neighbours not have the same code. In

addition, all the neighbours (first and

second) cannot have the same code.

•Clustered Choose codes among a minimum number of clusters.

Allocate all the codes of a same cluster.

•Distributed Use as many clusters as possible. Allocate codes from

different clusters.


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Page 68

Scrambling Code Audit

The algorithm will be quite helpful after manual correction.

Checking Allocation Criteria

Neighbouring Relationship

Exceptional Pair

Reuse Distance

Domain

Checking Results in Reports

Scrambling Code Check.txt


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Page 69

1 GENEX Overview




Contents


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Page 70


4.1 U-Net HSDPA Simulation Theory

4.2 U-Net HSDPA Modeling

4.3 U-Net HSDPA Simulation

4.4 U-Net HSDPA Prediction

Contents


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Page 71

Overview

1. Predictions. E.g. HS-PDSCH Ec/Nt, CQI, Peak Rate,

Application Throughput

2. HSDPA Monte-carlo Simulation

3. Independent HSDPA carrier and shared carrier with R99

4. Multi-carriers configuration

5. Static or Dynamic HS-PDSCH Power Allocation

6. Static or Dynamic HS-SCCH Power Allocation

7. Static or Dynamic code Allocation

8. Configurable 1-4 HS-SCCH

9. Limited Max number of HSDPA users

10. MAXC/I, RR, PF Scheduling Algorithm


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Page 72

Theory - CQI

There are two methods to calculate CQI： Based on CPICH quality

Based on HS-PDSCH quality

The Two mapping tables are provided in U-Net

Huawei recommends the use of HS-PDSCH based quality mapping table

because this table’s default parameters are consistent with Huawei’s

recommendation

HS-PDSCH Ec/Nt & CQI mapping table CPICH Ec/Nt & CQI mapping table


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Page 73

Theory-Scheduling

The order of the served HSDPA users is depending on which one of the three

available scheduling techniques has been selected .

Proportion Fair、MAX C/I、Round Robin are offered by this Version.

MAX C/I：Resources allocated to UE with the best radio propagation conditions.

HSDPA users are sorted in CQI descending order

Round Robin: Resources allocated in a sequential way. HSDPA users are taken

into account in their order of appearance in MC simulation (random order)

Proportion Fair: A compromise between the two previous methods to allow to

serve also users with bad radio conditions but trying to maximize average

throughput. HSDPA users are first sorted in CQI descending order. Then the first

HSDPA_MAX_USERS are taken into account in their appearance order.

All codes

reserved for

HSDPA

transmission

2ms


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Page 74

Theory-Peak Rate

Peak Rate is RLC layer rate

The calculation process:

Mapping Radio Bearer Index from CQI

Looking up HSDPA Radio bearer corresponding

to the Radio bearer Index

Estimating UE categories supporting the bearer

(Modulation/Code etc)

If supported，get the Peak Rate; if not, then go

back to HSDPA Radio bearer to look up the

best bearer and get the Peak Rate


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Page 75

Application Throughput is Application layer rate

The formula from peak rate to application throughput:

TTI

OffectrScaleFactoBLERRR

DL

peakDL

napplicatio

)1(

BLER defined in HSDPA Quality graph

Scaling Factor and Offset defined in HSDPA Service

△TTI is the minimum interval between two continuous

TTI ，defined in the UE category

Theory-Application Throughput


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Page 76






Contents


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Page 77

Right click Transmitters/Properties/Global Parameters and get the

popup window

Nt：Without useful signal and Total Noise, Without useful signal is

recommended to be selected

CQI：Based on HS-PDSCH quality or Based on CPICH quality,

Based on HS-PDSCH quality is recommended to be selected

Transmitters


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Page 78

Right click Transmitters/Cells/Open table to Open cell table

Cells


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Page 79

HSDPA Power：for static HSDPA power allocation there is need to fill in

power values whilst if it dynamic HSDPA power allocation, there is no need

Power Headroom: the headroom left for fast fading and power control

margin. For dynamic HSDPA power allocation there is need to fill in

headroom values 0.4576 [10lg(100/90)=0.4576dB ]whilst if it static HSDPA

power allocation, there is no need

HS-SCCH Power: for static HS-SCCH power allocation there is need to fill

in power values(5% of HSDPA Power generally) whilst if it dynamic HS-

SCCH power allocation, there is no need

Scheduler Algorithm：supports Proportion Fair, MAX C/I and Round Robin

Others include: max /min number of HS-PDSCH codes ,the method of

HSDPA power allocation, the method of HS-SCCH allocation ,Number of

HS-SCCH channels, Max number of HSDPA users etc

Cells (cont.)


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Page 80

Click UMTS Parameters/Terminals/HSDPA to open HSDPA terminal table

HSDPA related parameters: HSDPA supported, UE Category, MUD Factor

(recommended value is 0)

UE Categories are from 1 to 12 defined by 3GPP specifications

Terminals


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Page 81

Right click Terminals (UMTS Parameters )and select HSDPA User

Equipment Categories to open UE categories table

No need to be modified, use the defaults values

Terminals (cont.)


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Page 82

Right click Terminals and select Reception Equipment to open

Reception Equipment Type

Double click standard to open standard properties

Include CQI table，Best Bearer table and DL Quality Indicator Table.

They have been introduced ahead

No need to be modified, use the default values

Terminals (cont.)


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Page 83

Double chick Mobility Types to open the table

We need to set the Ec/Nt Threshold. U-Net calculates the HS-SCCH

Power from these threshold when is set to HS-SCCH Dynamic Power

Allocation. The suggested values as shown in the figure below

Mobility Types


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Page 84

Double click Services to open

HSDPA properties

HS-PDSCH Requested

Average Rate: Requested

Average Rate by Per user, the

default is 100Kbps.it just affects

the HSDPA user densities

Scaling factor and offset is the

factor and offset of RLC layer

and Application Layer；U-Net

calculates Application

throughput from Peak Rate

Services


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Page 85

Click the right button of R99 Radio Bearer to open ADPCH-UL64

properties

Set Nominal Rate ,Coding Factor and DPCCH/DPCH Power Ratio of

Uplink and Downlink. It is recommended to use the default values

Services (cont.)


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Page 86

Set UL and DL Target in the Eb/Nt sheet

Services (cont.)


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Page 87

Right click Service and select

HSDPA Radio Bearers

Set the mapping table from

Radio Bearer index to Peak

rate

Not need to be modified, use

the default values

Services (cont.)


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Page 88

Right click User Profile and select New to create HSDPA User

E.g. : the Uplink traffic is continuous 64kbps, the Downlink traffic is

continuous 2Mbps. This means

1. 64 kbps/8 * 3600 = 28800 Kbytes

2. 2 Mbps *1024 / 8 *3600 = 921600 KBytes

User Profiles


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Page 89

Map based on Transmitters and Services (Throughputs) 、 Map based

on Transmitters and Services (＃Users) in present U-Net version, create

different maps for R99 and HSDPA service to avoid R99 terminal to be

allocated with HSDPA traffic and influence simulation accuracy

R99

HSDPA

Traffic Maps


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Page 90






Contents


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Page 91

R99 service access rate

The reasons of Rejected and delayed

1. HSDPA Delayed: lack of HSDPA power

2. HSDPA Scheduler Saturation: HSDPA users not in selected HSDPA_MAX_USERS users

Simulation Statistics


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Page 92

In group, check the results in

cell (average)

In single simulation, check the

results in cell

There are two important

parameters of power：

1. Total Transmitted Power

without HSDPA (DL) (dBm)：total Power of R99 traffic

and pilot channels etc in

downlink.

2. HSDPA Power（dBm）：HSDPA traffic power

Simulation Result - Cell

① When HSDPA traffic exists，it is the

maximum usable power and depending

on remaining OVSF codes 、UE

categories etc

② When no HSDPA traffic, the values is 0


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Page 93

In group, check the results in cell

(average)


results in cell

There are two important

parameters of power： 1. DL requested rate: Depending on

HSDPA usable Power,remaining OVSF

codes and UE categories etc, it is not

associated with HSDPA traffic

2. DL obtained rate: depending on the

scheduler algorithm (Round Robin, Max

CQI, Proportional Fair) to select which

users obtain the rate

Simulation Result - Mobile


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Page 94

In group, check the results in cell

(average)


results in cell

Some important results : 1. HSDPA Application Throughput:

Application layer rate，calculated from

HSDPA Peak Rate.

2. HSDPA Peak rate：RLC layer rate，for single simulation, equaling to the

average requested rate (HSDPA) of

mobiles (connecting DL) in the cell

3. Instantaneous HSDPA Rate： for

single simulation, equaling to the sum

of obtained rates (HSDPA) in the cell

4. Instantaneous HSDPA Rate of GROUP

simulations can be regarded as the cell

average rate. But it is not the actual cell

average rate, it is not associated with

HSDPA traffic

Simulation Result - Rate


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Page 95






Contents


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Page 96

Right Click Prediction and select “New”, Study Types, select

HSDPA Study

Select Fields (HS-PDSCH Ec/Nt, CQI, Peak Rate, Application

Throughput) in Display sheet

Peak rate：RLC layer rate

Application Throughput: Application layer rate

Predictions for HSDPA


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Page 97


HS-PDSCH Ec/Nt: HS-PDSCH quality

is associated with the DL transmission

rate, range from -20dB to 20dB

CQI: associated with the DL transmission

rate.


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Page 98


Peak rate: Display RLC rate for each

pixel.

Application Throughput: Display

applicatioin rate for each pixel.

Thank you www.huawei.com

Genex U-net Introduction(FILEminimizer)

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Transcript of Genex U-net Introduction(FILEminimizer)