Genetic diversification and intensification: Experiences from Kongwa and Kiteto, Tanzania
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Transcript of Genetic diversification and intensification: Experiences from Kongwa and Kiteto, Tanzania
Genetic diversification and intensification: Experiences from
Kongwa and Kiteto, Tanzania Patrick Okori
ICRISAT
Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Malawi, 14-16 July 2015
Project sites
Kiteto district is found in the Manyara region with an estimated population of
152,757
Kongwa District is found in Dodoma Region. We are working in Mlali ward with a population of about 28,000 people
Partners
CGs-ICRISAT, ICRAF, IITA, NARS-ARI
Hombolo, Naliendele, Salien
PRC & SUA
• Develop and or validate technologies
Frontline development
agencies
• Nafaka (production and productivity)
• Tuboreshe Chakula (nutrition outcomes)
• Extension• Local Government
The Team: Core implementers
ContextDevelopment challenges• Under-investment in productivity
enhancing technologies.
• Limited access to technology and delivery–60-70% of households had not contact with research & extension;
• Limited access to agric. financing;
• Un-managed risks increase exposure to variability in weather patterns with periodic droughts;
Impacts• Low productivity of crops and
livestock –crop yield gaps>50%
• Fragile production to market systems.
• High vulnerability to weather and other natural disaster related challenges
• High levels of poverty and food insecurity:
• >35.5% live below the food poverty line
The research issuesFocus• Improve productivity of crops and livestock
• Reducing vulnerability to weather
• Minimizing health risk from crops to improve wellbeing and competitiveness
• What are the best technology packages that can catalyze improvement in productivity, resilience and value chain functionality for KK
ImpactEconomic and ecological rewarding pathways out of hunger and poverty improve prospects for for
smallholder families in Semi arid areas of central Tanzania
Output cluster 2
Technologies & approaches for delivering integrated innovations tested & validated
Activities1. New resilient varieties
tested and deployed. 2. Integrated cereal, legume
technologies. evaluated.3. ISF&W innovations tested.4. A costed framework for up
scaling.5. Options for poultry &
livestock production studied.
Output cluster 3
Options& technologies for improved nutrition and food safety tested & validated
Activities1. Aflatoxin prevalence
mapped.2. Pathogen dynamics
studied.3. Gender analysis of
agriculture enterprises done
4. Legume/cereal complementary feeding strategies tested.
5. Legume processing technologies tested
Output cluster 1
Clarified intervention options for intensification identified
Activities1. Baselines on post harvest
losses and food safety.2. Biophysical
characterisation of action sites.
3. Selected commodity value chains analysed.
4. Development domains appropriately mapped.
Output cluster 4
Options for partner-led dissemination of innovations explored
Activities1. Partners engaged for
aflatoxin mitigation.2. Partners trained on
aflatoxin management.3. Capacity developed for
aflatoxin diagnosis. 4. Communities engaged in IP
establishment. 5. Community learning and
action research systems initiated.
Outcome 1
Increased and stable crop productivity improve food, nutrition and income security
Outcome 2
Improved land productivity increased resilience and robust farming systems
Outcome 3
Improved health and nutrition enhance the quality of life & HH productivity
Modified from Montpellier Panel (2013)
Framing implementation: SI agenda for Kongwa & Kiteto
Deployment of ecological, genetic and socio-economic options
Innovation pathway
Yrs 1-2•Technology testing• site characterization
RO 1: Yield gap a driver of food insecurity
Average crop productivity (kg/ha) by crop and district
Crop Kongwa Kiteto Total Maize 782.3 623.4 753.3Sunflower 391.3 555.2 433.4Groundnut 608.9 450.8 529.9Pigeonpea 200.3 117.3 158.8Sorghum 323.5 207.2 314.6Bambara 332.7 160.6 295.1
• Productivity at 50% of potential yield for above crops• Farmers involved in extensive farming using mechanized agriculture
Kiteto and Kongwa• Frequent drought, poor nutrition are among the challenges faced by the
majority areas in target locations• Low adoption of priority crops, high yielding varieties and poor access to
quality seed
Crop Njoro Chitego Mlali Moleti LaikalaCereals/Millets
Maize √ √ √ √ -Sorghum - - - - √
Pearl millet - - - - √Legumes
Groundnut √ √ √ √ √Pigeonpea √ √ √ √ √
Bambara nut √ √ √ √ √
Crop varieties tested
Research output 2: On-farm evaluation of new varieties
PVS on groundnuts
New varieties increase yields by up to 3-4 fold
Varieties Yield (tons/ha)1. ICGV-SM 99568 0.55 0.442. ICGV-SM 02724 1.50 1.283. MANGAKA 0.73 0.354. PENDO 0.61 0.285.MNANJE 0.87 0.776. LOCAL LANDRACES 0.27 0.17
Innovation pathway
Theme 2On-farm evaluation of improved legumes and cereals; disease management, for SI integration
Resilient quality protein maize for KKHybrid Grain Yield (tha-1) No. of ears No. of Rotten
earsEar Aspect
T283-34 2.03 147.1 1.73 2.3T283-31 1.77 138.4 1.67 2.3T283-35 1.74 148.5 1.55 2.7T283-32 1.72 124.6 1.89 2.6T283-33 1.60 162.5 1.98 2.9Local check 1.11 85.0 2.21 3.3LISHEH2 0.91 87.6 1.25 3.0
KILIMAQH06 0.41 27.5 1.07 3.6
Grand Mean 1.41 115.2 1.67 2.83LSD (0.05) 0.44 24.45 3.10 0.40
AttributesDrought tolerant, high protein, >50% yield advantage
High yielding groundnut varieties for KK 2013-2014
Variety Grain yield(Kg/ha) % Gain over local
check
100 Seed Size(g) % Gain over local checkKiteto Kongwa Mean
Kiteto Kongwa Mean
ICGV-SM 02724 2546 2674 2623 122.1 54.6 53.7 54.1 60.3ICGV-SM 99568 1827 1386 1562 32.3 44.2 45.6 45.0 33.5ICGV-SM 03519 1650 1598 1619 37.1 45.2 36.9 40.2 19.2ICGV-SM 05650 2177 1870 1993 68.8 38.3 38.6 38.5 14.0
Local 1084 1246 1181 0.0 37.9 30.9 33.7 0.00ICGV-SM 01513 1698 1459 1555 7 35.0 30.4 32.2 -4.4
F. Prob <.001 <.001 <.001 0.007 <.001 <.001 CV 25.7 31.1 35.3 24.2 14 5.2
L.S.D 475.5 432.8 387.8 10.4 4.5 20.4
2014-2015: ValidationGenotypes Chitego Mlali Moleti Njoro Overall
RankICGV-SM 01513 741.88 679 315.38 0 5ICGV-SM 02724 1251.63 1530.25 883.63 84.88 1ICGV-SM 03519 756.88 960.5 584.25 597.5 2ICGV-SM 05650 980.63 655.75 409.5 150 3ICGV-SM 99568 896.5 474.5 305.5 106.25 4Local variety 409.5 154.75 168.13 221.63 6Mean 839.5 742.46 444.4 193.38 P.Value 0.0004 0.005 0.0055 0.096 S.E 114.6 191.2 104.2 86.2
Attributes:• 60% yield advantage• Large grain confectionery• Amenable to some multiple
cropping
Entry Kernel yield (kg/ha)
Days to 50 % flowering
Plant height (cm)
Overall pest score
Overall disease score
15 4605 65 152.5 1.60 4.416 4185 67 134.9 1.53 4.344 3842 67 129.7 2.01 3.63 3812 66 128.2 2.07 3.0
25 3646 65 152.3 2.51 3.012 3062 66 122.3 1.40 3.01 2680 66 146.4 2.18 5.6
F. Prob 0.871 0.65 0.217 0.787 0.879
Mean 3086 68.87 135.7 2.013 3.96
S.E.D 1070 4.703 30.13 0.7778 1.701
High yielding sorghum varieties tested
Attributes• The highlighted material combine are high yielding and early• Biomass for livestock (taller plants)• Disease tolerant
Highly productive pigeonpea evaluatedVariety Grain yield(Kg/ha) % Gain over
local check
Kiteto Kongwa Mean
ICEAP 00040 900.8 709.9 773.5 156.0ICEAP 00557 539.7 740.6 673.6 122.9ICEAP 00936 444.4 702.1 616.2 103.9ICEAP 00554 432.5 635.2 567.6 87.9ICEAP 00932 388.9 603.9 532.2 76.2ICEAP 00933 440.5 560.8 520.7 72.4
LOCAL 174.6 365.8 302.1 0.00F.Prob <.001 0.001 <.001L.S.D 162.9 167.9 146.8
Attributes• Medium duration 6 month• Multiple cropping amenable• Market class seeds
New pearl millet varieties for KK tested
The highlighted material combines high yielding ability and earliness
Entry Grain yield (kg/ha)
Days to 50 % flowering
1000 seed mass (g)
Overall disease score
16 3105 51.7 13.5 2.2712 2975 51.3 14.2 3.1514 2769 53.0 13.5 3.5513 2759 53.8 15.2 4.1522 2704 54.6 14.0 3.5523 2669 52.9 12.0 3.089 2622 50.6 12.6 5.132 2511 51.3 13.9 1.808 2476 54.3 14.7 1.561 2456 51.6 15.4 3.1311 2384 53.7 13.8 2.77F.Prob 0.002 <0.001 0.019 0.325
Mean 2306 54.8 14.65 3.133
S.E.D 471.5 2.46 2.97 1.439
Maturing technology clustersImproved legumes + cereals underpin technology clusters1 Productivity enhancement
a) Augmented cropping options • Double up legumes (Leguminous crop + fodder tree)• Resilient varieties + judicious soil fertility/water management + crop
architecture b) Land productivity
• Ecological land and soil management for feed and food
c) Crop/poultry production systems for food, fertility and incomes
2 Health and Nutrition • Community based aflatoxin management options
Moving forward
Seed components National performance and release Food safety: Mycotoxins Integration: Augmented cropping systems Diversification
Improved functionality of national seed systems for scaling up & out
Improved system productivity
Increased & equitable income
Alternative approaches tested to support informal
seed systems
National seed strategies & roadmaps developed &
deployed
Strengthening of breeder & foundation seed production
Formal outlet chains strengthened
Food security
Pathways for input delivery: PPP model
Knowledge dissemination pathwaysLeveraging adopters as lead farmers/linkage farmers
Researcher trains extension officers
Extension officers trains farmer- to-farmer trainers
Farmer trainers trains other (20-30) farmers through FFS
Establishment of result demonstrations
Technologies Lead farmers /direct beneficiaries
Poultry &livestock 62
ISFM 293
Crop technologies 600
Soil and water 100Nutrition 100
Mature technology clusters
Lessons learnt1. Integration. Complex institutional and operational relationships.
Varied biophysical contexts Socio economic contexts: Power relationships and resource endowments
May affect of success and the scale of deployment.
2. Scaling out technologies: Leverage alliances tech. dissemination and knowledge dissemination Explore Synergies (for example traditional + radio ICTS- approaches) Technologies with low interest from private sector
Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation
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