GENETIC and PLANT BREEDING of GRAPEVINE in ARGENTINA.
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Transcript of GENETIC and PLANT BREEDING of GRAPEVINE in ARGENTINA.
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GENETIC and PLANT BREEDING of GENETIC and PLANT BREEDING of GRAPEVINE in ARGENTINAGRAPEVINE in ARGENTINA
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1-1- Clonal selection: Clonal selection: Sebastián Gómez Talquenca (INTA)Sebastián Gómez Talquenca (INTA)
2- 2- Use of molecular marker to Use of molecular marker to characterize and assess geneticcharacterize and assess genetic diversity:diversity:
Liliana Martínez (UNCuyo)Liliana Martínez (UNCuyo)
3-3- Genetic transformation: Genetic transformation:Cecilia Agüero (UNCuyo)Cecilia Agüero (UNCuyo)
4- 4- Table grape breeding program:Table grape breeding program: Silvia Ulanovsky (INTA Rama Caída)Silvia Ulanovsky (INTA Rama Caída)
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Sebastián Gómez TalquencaSebastián Gómez Talquenca
1- 1- Clonal selectionClonal selection
Sanitary selectionSanitary selection
Genetic selectionGenetic selection
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Sanitary selectionSanitary selection
National regulatory framework National regulatory framework since 2002since 2002
Two levels of materialTwo levels of material– Certified Certified – StandardStandard
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Certified stockCertified stock
ELISA test ELISA test IndexageIndexage
Wood graftingWood grafting– 3 years at field nursery3 years at field nursery– 2 years in tunneling nursery2 years in tunneling nursery
Green graftingGreen grafting
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Certification supportCertification support
Development of new diagnostics Development of new diagnostics techniquestechniques
Identification and characterization Identification and characterization of local virus isolatesof local virus isolates
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Clonal selectionClonal selectionDoneDone
19 Malbec clones with agronomical 19 Malbec clones with agronomical and enological evaluation in one and enological evaluation in one placeplace
Several head of clone selected forSeveral head of clone selected for– Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay,
Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Barbera, Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Barbera, Bonarda, Tempranillo, Torrontés RiojanoBonarda, Tempranillo, Torrontés Riojano
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Quality vs. yield
Yield
Qualitative parameter
berry size
• ºBrix
• pHm
edia
media
• anthocianas(color)
18
7 15
19
16
12
8
17
6
20
14
109
13
114
1
52
3
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
A
B
C
D?
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Clonal Selection of Malbec in MendozaClonal Selection of Malbec in MendozaClonal Selection of Malbec in MendozaClonal Selection of Malbec in Mendoza
Clones group A Clones group A
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Clonal selection Clonal selection DoingDoing
Agronomical and enological evaluation of Agronomical and enological evaluation of Syrah (12 clones)Syrah (12 clones)
Preliminary agronomical and enological Preliminary agronomical and enological evaluation of Semillónevaluation of Semillón
Implantation of Bonarda, Tempranillo and Implantation of Bonarda, Tempranillo and Torrontés evaluation trials in one placeTorrontés evaluation trials in one place
Implantation of Malbec evaluation trials in Implantation of Malbec evaluation trials in multiple places (homologation of clones)multiple places (homologation of clones)
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2.a- Identification of cultivar, clones and roostock grapevines by molecular markers: AFLP, SSR.
2.b- Assessment of genetic diversity by molecular markers
2.c- Caracterización molecular de aislamientos de Botryosphaeria spp.
Dra. Liliana MartínezDra. Liliana MartínezFacultad de Ciencias AgrariasFacultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de CuyoUniversidad Nacional de Cuyo
Mendoza, ArgentinaMendoza, [email protected]@fca.uncu.edu.ar
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RESULTS
Figure 1. Dendrograms of grape varieties using AFLP data. CrChic: Criolla Chica, CrGran: Criolla Grande, PGimen: Pedro Giménez, MoRos: Moscatel Rosado, MoAllo: Moscatel Amarillo, ToRioj: Torrontés Riojano, ToSan: Torrontés Sanjuanino, ToMen: Torrontés Mendocino, Chardon: Chardonnay, Tempra: Tempranillo. Clusters of European, “Criollas”, American accession, and Spanish and “Criolla” are indicated with letters “A”, “B”, “C” and “D”, respectively.
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RESULTS
Moscatel de Alejandría x Criolla Chica
Torrontés RiojanoTorrontés SanjuaninoMoscatel Amarillo
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“Polymorphism detection in ‘Malbec’ clones using microsatellites markers”
Martínez, L.; García Lampasona, S., Agüero, C. ; Cavagnaro,Pand Masuelli, R.
IX Lationamerican Congress of de Viticulture and Enology, Chile 2003.
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RESULTADOSPolimorphism in clones 1 and 15Polimorphism in clones 1 and 15
Rest show the same allele patternRest show the same allele pattern
19 clones Malbec
6 loci: VVMD7, VVMD27, VVMD31, VVS2, ssrVrZAG62 y ssrVrZAG79
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Diferentiation of Syrah clones
Few polimorphism
VrZAG 62 189 195 pb
VrZAG79
242 248 pb
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SSAPSSAP
In Colaboration with University ofLjubljana, Slovenia
retrotransposonVine-1
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Neg
ra C
orr
ien
t e T
acn
a
Neg
ra C
orr
ien
t e M
aje
s
Neg
ra C
orr
ien
t e N
CI
Italia M
oq
ueg
ua
Italia M
aje
s
Italia T
acn
a
Qu
eb
tan
ta
Cir
olla C
hic
aC
riolla G
ran
ce
Bu
red
eos
Bu
red
eos T
acn
aU
vin
aB
org
oñ
aM
ollar
ICA
Mollar
Maje
sTor r
on
tés S
an
juan
ino
Tor r
on
tés R
ioja
no
Tor r
on
tés M
en
docin
oM
oscate
l M
en
docin
oM
oscate
l R
osad
oP
ed
ro G
imén
ez
Malb
ec
Rosad
a V
itor
Moscate
l
Figure 1. Pattern alleles of Argentinean and Peruvian criollas varieties using VrZAG79 loci.
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Comercial vineyards analysis with Comercial vineyards analysis with microsatellites markersmicrosatellites markers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Figure 1. Allelic pattern of assayed varieties using primer VVMD31. Line 1: Zinfandel, 2: Chenin, 3: Uva Rara, 4: Croatina, 5: Corbeau, 6: Bonarda INTA, 7: Bonarda Piemontese, 8: Bonarda 65.3, 9: Bonarda 65.2, 10: Bonarda 65.1, 11: Bonarda 64.4, 12: Bonarda 64.2, 13: Bonarda 64.1, 14: Bonarda 6.2, 15: Bonarda 6.1, 16: Bonarda 4.2, 17: Bonarda 4.1, 18: Bonarda 3.2 and 19: Bonarda 3.1.
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“Morphological and molecular characterization of Botryosphaeria
spp. isolated from different vineyard of Argentina
PhD thesis of Cecilia Cesari
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ITS Sequences
•Hundreds and thousands copies in the genome• Appropiate length toSequence.•Highly variable regions among species
RibosomalsGenes
•Highly conserved genes : 18S, 5.8S y 28S
ITS(Internal Transcribed Spacer)
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Projects Dra. Cecilia Agüero
Evaluation of sequences that codify signal peptides from grapevines xylem sap proteins.
Salt tolerance analysis of Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Sultanina’ transformed with the vacuolar antiporter AtNHX1
Botrytis tolerance analysis of Vitis vinifera cv ‘Sultanina’ transformed with pear PGIP
3- Genetic transformation
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‘Chardonnay’ Xylem Sap Proteins
•20
•25
•37
•60
•75
•100•150•250
Evaluation of sequences that codify signal peptides from grapevines xylem sap proteins
Fig 1.
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Chi1b
ATGAAGATATGGGGACTGCGTTTGTTCCCTTTAATGCTCTTAGCTATAGGTGGCGCCTTTGCACAAGAGCAATGTGGAAGGCAAGCCGGTGGAGCATTATGTTCAGGAGGGCTGTGTTGTAGCCAATATGGTTACTGTGGCAGCACTTCTGCCTACTGCTCCACTGGCTGTCAGAGCCAATGTCCTTCTGGTGGTTCCCCTTCTACTCCCTCCACTCCAACCCCAACTCCCAGTGGCGGCGGTGGGGATATTAGTTCTCTCATTAGCAAATCACTATTTGATGAAATGTTGAAGCACCGCAATGATGCTGCTTGCCCCGGCAAGGGCTTCTACACTTACGAAGCTTTCATTTCTGCTGTTAAGTCCTTTGGAGGTTTTGGAACGACTGGTGACACCAACACTCGGAAAAGAGAGATTGCTGCCTTTCTGGCTCAAACTTCACATGAAACCACAGGTGGTTGGGCATTGCTCCAGATGGACCATATGCATGGGGATATTGCTTCCTTCGGGAACAGGGCAACCCTGGAGACTACTGTGTTGCCAATCAACAATGGCCATGCGCTTCTGGTAAAAAATATTATGGCCGAGGTCCCATCCAAATTTCATACAACTACAACTACGGTCCAGCAGGAAAAGCCATA
MKIWGLRLFPLMLLAIGGAFAQEQCGRQAGGALCSGGLCCSQYGYCGSTSAYCSTGCQSQCPSGGSPSTPSTPTPTPSGGGGDISSLISKSLFDEMLKHRNDAACPGKGFYTYEAFISAVKSFGGFGTTGDTNTRKREIAAFLAQTSHETTGGWALLQMDHMHGDIASFGNRATLETTVLPINNGHALLVKNIMAEVPSKFHTTTTTVQQEKP
Jacobs,A.K., Dry,I.B. and Robinson,S.P. (1999) Induction of different pathogenesis-related cDNAs in grapevine infected with powdery mildew and treated with ethephon. Plant Pathol. 48 (3), 325-336
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ATGGCTAGTAGGCACATTGTCCTTCTCTCTTGTTTTGTATTCCTAGCAGCCCAGCATGGGATCCAAGCAGTCGAGTATGAGGTCACCAACAATGCTGGAAGCAGCGCCGGTGGCGTCCGATTCACAAATGAAATCGGAATCCCGTACAGCAGGCAGACACTAGTATCTGCCACCGACTTCATATGGGGGGTCTTCCAACAGAACACTCCAGAAGAGAGAAAAACGGTTCAGAAAGTGAGTCTGATAATTGAAAACATGGACGGAGTAGCCTATGCTTCCAACAATGAGATTCATGTCAACGCCAACTACATCGGAAGCTACTCAGGCGATGTGAAGACTGAATTCACTGGGGTGCTTTACCATGAGATGACACACATTTGGCAGTGGAATGGCAACGGACAGACTCCGGGGGGACTAATAGAGGGAATTGCCGATTATGTGAGGTTGAAGGCTAACTATGCCCCCAGCCACTGGGTGCAACCTGGGCAAGGGAACCGTTGGGACCAGGGCTATGATGTTACAGCTCGATTTCTGGACTACTGCAACAGCCTTAGAAATGGGTTTGTAGCAGAACTCAACAAGAAGATGAGAAGTGGGTACAGTGCAGACTTCTTCGTGGAGCTTCTGGGGAAGACAGTTGATCAGCTGTGGACTGACTATAAGGGCTA
MASRHIVLLSCFVFLAAQHGIQAVEYEVTNNAGSSAGGVRFTNEIGIPYSRQTLVSATDFIWGVFQQNTPEERKTVQKVSLIIENMDGVAYASNNEIHVNANYIGSYSGDVKTEFTGVLYHEMTHIWQWNGNGQTPGGLIEGIADYVRLKANYAPSHWVQPGQGNRWDQGYDVTARFLDYCNSLRNGFVAELNKKMRSGYSADFFVELLGKTVDQLWTDYKG*
Cramer,G.R. and Cushman,J.C. (2002) An expressed sequence tag database for abiotic stressed leaves of Vitis vinifera var. Chardonnay. Unpublished
NtPRp27-like protein
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Figure 3. Somatic embryos from ‘Sultanina’ in WPM media (left)
and plantlets transfered to ½ MS media for further development (right).
Figure 2. Embriogenic Callus from inmature anther cultured in vitro in PIV media.
Evaluation of sequences that codify signal peptides from grapevines xylem sap proteins
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Table 2. Embryogenic callus number produced in 2005
Cultivar Anther number
Embryogenic callus number
‘Malbec’‘Sultanina’‘Torrontés riojano’
12001440840
383926
Table 3. Embryogenic callus number produced in 2006
Cultivar Anther number
Embryogenic callus number
‘Malbec’‘Sultanina’‘Torrontés riojano’
480780420
764622
Evaluation of sequences that codify signal peptides from grapevines xylem sap proteins
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Salt tolerance Genetic Transformation
Pre-embryogenics callus from anthers co- cultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404
RB pCaMV 35S-nptII-tNOS pCaMV35S-AtNHX1-tNOS LB
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MethodsHydroponics
Table 1.
Nutritive solution composition (Long
Ashton)
Concentración final
Macroelementos mg/ lMgSO4,7H2O 370KH2PO4 218K2H PO4 70K NO3 303
NH4NO3 160Ca(NO3), 4 H2O 826
MicroelementosMnCl2, 4 H2O 1,8CuSO4, 5 H2O 0,176ZnSO4, 7 H2O 0,219H3BO3 2,861
MoO24(NH4)6, 4 H2O 0,258Na2-EDTA 0,03726FeSO4.7H2O 0,0278
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RB CaMV35S-pgip-ocs3’ CaMV35S-uidA-3’term CaMV35S-nptII-tml3’ LB
Schematic representation of the binary plasmid pDU94.0928
Botrytis tolerance analysis of Vitis vinifera cv ‘Sultanina’ transformed with pear PGIP
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Expression of pear pgip gene in leaves infected with Botrytis cinerea slowed down the expansion of the
lesions
Botrytis cinerea infection of control (left) and transgenic grape leaves (right)
•Agüero et al. 2005. Molecular Plant Pathology 6 (1): 43-51.•Agüero et al. 2006. Vitis 45(1):1-8.
Untransformed Control
gus transgenic
gus/pgip transgenic
Untransformed Control
gus transgenic
gus/pgip transgenic
Exp 1 (Sep 2002) 10.2 ( 0.53) 10.2 ( 0.53) 8.2 ( 0.32) 6.8 ( 0.21)
Exp 2 (Nov. 2002) 9.8 ( 0.59)
8.9 ( 0.21)
9.8 ( 0.59)
7.4 ( 0.33)
9.4 ( 0.6)
12.0 ( 0.51)
7.9 ( 0.23)
5.7 ( 0.89)
Thompson Seedless Chardonnay
Exp 3 (March 2003) 9.4 ( 0.37)
10.9 ( 0.8)
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INTA EEA Rama CaídaINTA EEA Rama Caída 4- Table grape breeding program4- Table grape breeding program
Application of in vitro culture and molecular markers
GoalsSeedlessnessBig berry sizeExtreme ripening timeMuscat flavourLoose and uniform bunches
Silvia Ulanovsky – Ruben Osorio – Eliana García
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Obtention of new varietiesObtention of new varieties
Traditional breeding Application of in vitro culture
Seeded females Seedless females
Normal seedsSeed traces
Inmersion in water •In vitro culture
• Germination
Greenhouse
Germination Acclimatization to in vivo conditions
Transfer to the field
Seedless pollinatorsSeedless pollinatorsX
Laboratory
X
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Field evaluationsField evaluations
First selection plot: 1 plant for each genotype
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X
Second selection plot: 10 plants for each genotype selected
EEA Rama Caída5.160 seedlings
EEA San Juan15 genotypes multiplied
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Construction of genetic mapsM.R.: Moscatel Rosado, R.: Ruby Seedless, C.: Consensus
02 04 05 02 04 05 02 04 05
Seed fresh weight
Seed dry weight
Berry weight
QTL analysis
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Clonal selection of Torrontés Riojano, Clonal selection of Torrontés Riojano, Bonarda Argentina.Bonarda Argentina.
Mass selection of Pedro Giménez Mendoza y Mass selection of Pedro Giménez Mendoza y Neuquén.Neuquén.
Characterization of genetic potentialCharacterization of genetic potential of of Criolla´s and others grapes byCriolla´s and others grapes by Marker Marker Assisted Selection (MAS)Assisted Selection (MAS)
colourcoloursalt tolerance salt tolerance fungus tolerancefungus tolerance
CURRENT and FUTURE CURRENT and FUTURE PROJECTSPROJECTS
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Clonal selectionClonal selectionTo doTo do
Develop the protocol for clones Develop the protocol for clones homologationhomologation
Homologate the evaluated clones Homologate the evaluated clones (Malbec and Syrah)(Malbec and Syrah)
Evaluate the selected clones of Evaluate the selected clones of others varietiesothers varieties
Perform selection in new varietiesPerform selection in new varieties
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