General Quality Standads of Products

8/8/2019 General Quality Standads of Products

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GENERAL QUALITYSTANDARDS OF PRODUCTS

PRESENTED BY:

MANISHA SINGH

BBM 5TH SEM


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PRODUCTS

SOFT DRINKS AND BEVERAGES:

PEPSICO

COCACOLA PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS


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PepsiCo, Incorporated is a Fortune 500, American multinational

corporation headquartered in New York, with interestsin manufacturing

and marketing a wide variety ofcarbonated and non-carbonated

beverages, as well assalty, sweet and cereal-based snacks, and other

foods. Besides the Pepsi brands, the company owns the brandsQuakerOats, Gatorade, Frito-Lay, SoBe, Naked, Tropicana, Copella, Mountain Dew,

Mirinda and 7 Up .

The Pepsi Cola Company began in 1898 by a NC Pharmacist and

Industrialist Caleb Bradham, but it only became known as PepsiCo when it

merged with Frito Lay in 1965.

Current members of the board of directors of PepsiCo are Indra Nooyi

C.E.O., Robert E. Allen, Dina Dublon, Victor Dzau, Ray Lee Hunt, Alberto

Ibargen, Arthur Martinez, Steven Reinemund, Sharon Rockefeller, James

Schiro, Franklin Thomas, Cynthia Trudell, and River King.


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Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in the stores, restaurants,and vending machines of more than 200 countries. It is produced byThe Coca-Cola Company ofAtlanta, Georgia, and is often referred tosimply asCoke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company

in the United Statessince March 27, 1944. The Coca-Cola Company was originally established in 1892 as the J.

S. Pemberton Medicine Company, a co-partnership betweenDr.John Stith Pemberton and Ed Holland.The company was formedto sell three main products: Pemberton's French Wine Cola (laterknown as Coca-Cola), Pemberton's Indian Queen Hair Dye, and

Pemberton's Globe Flower Cough Syrup.

In 1894, the company became a stock company and the name waschanged to Pemberton Chemical Company.The new president wasD. D. Doe while Ed Holland became the new Vice-President.


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QUALITY STANDARDS

Close on the heels of a major health scare on finding pesticidesin bottled

drinking water, a non-government organisation claimed that the bottled

soft drinks owned by two multi national companies -- PepsiCo and Coke --

failed the health standards testing positive for pesticides.

According to the testsconducted by the Pollution Monitoring Laboratoryof CSE, all samplescontained residues of four extremely toxic pesticides

and insecticides: lindane, DDT, malathion and chlorpyrifos. Which can

cause cancers and reduce bone mineral density.

In all PepsiCo brands, total pesticides on an average were 0.0180 mg/litre,

36 times higher than the EEC limit of total pesticides at 0.0005 mg/l. In Coca Cola brands they averaged at 0.0150 mg/l, 30 times higher than

the EEC limit.


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Coca Cola and PepsiCo brandssold in the United Stateswere also tested and found not to contain pesticides.

these companiescannot be taken to court since the

norms that regulate manufacturing ofcold drinks hereare a "meaningless maze.

The Bureau of Indian Standards, the highestgovernment body to maintain product qualitycertification, hasset a pesticide standard for bottledwater but not for soft drinks.


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Pesticide Percentage (%) in cold drinks

released from IMA recently.

1 Thums up 15.2%

2 Coke 13.4%

3 7 up 12.5%

4 Mirinda 10.7%5 Pepsi 10.9%

6 Fanta 9.1%


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Impact on environment and peoples

livelihoods

Coca Cola and Pepsicompanies have set up 90 bottling plants

in India. It takes 9 liters of water to make 1 liter of Coke/Pepsi.

Each plant draws on the average 10lakh liters of groundwater

a day. So groundwater levels are falling, creating water

shortages for people living in the nearby regions.


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Agriculture is getting affected by discharging

their toxic wastewater into nearby fields andrivers, polluting the ground water and the soil.

With devastating long term consequences for

the health of the people living in the region.


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Suggestions

Kokam sherbet, mango panna, lime juice, tender coconut,

sugarcane juice, lassi, innumerable fruit juices there are so

many traditional drinks available in the country.

These are not just fresh and tasty, but nutritious too. Andcheap and easily available.


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PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS

Pharmaceutical products more commonly known as medicines or drugs

are a fundamental component of both modern and traditional medicine.

It is essential that such products are safe, effective, and of good quality,

and are prescribed and used rationally.


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Quality of Pharmaceutical Products

The suitability of drugs for their intended use

is determined by:

Their efficiency weighed against safety,according to label claim, or as promoted or

publicized

Their conformity to specifications regarding

identity, purity and other characteristics.


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The quality assurance of pharmaceutical productsis a wide-ranging concept covering all matters that individually orcollectively influence the quality of a product. It is thetotality of the arrangements made to ensure that

pharmaceutical products are of the quality required fortheir intended use.

The quality control of pharmaceutical productsis a conceptthat covers all measures taken, including the setting ofspecifications, sampling, testing and analytical clearance, toensure that the raw materials, intermediates, packagingmaterials and finished pharmaceutical productsconformwith established specifications for identity, strength, purityand other characteristics.


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Pharmaceutical Companies in India

India's emerging pharmaceutical industry has appearedas the world leader in the fabrication ofstandardgeneric drugs, ever since the Patent Act 1970permitted India to seriously approach and contribute inthe pharmaceutical market worldwide.

The workforce and technological proficiency ofpharmaceutical companiesin India ensures the growthof the industry on a global scale as well as within India.

The sector is predicted to value about $3.1 billion(USD).


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GROWTH OF INDIAN

PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET

In the year 2008, Indian pharmaceutical

market was assessed at $7,743m which

witnessed an augmentation of 4.0% over

2007.

Business observers predict that the Indian

pharmaceutical market will escalate at an

increasing mode ascompared to the globalpharmaceutical market.


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TOP 10 PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES IN INDIA

Ranbaxy LaboratoriesBy sales India's largest pharma firm with the returns touching Rs 4,198.96 crore (Rs

41.989 billion) in 2007

Dr. Reddy's LaboratoriesWith a turnover of Rs 4,162.25 crore (Rs 41.622 billion) in 2007, Dr Reddy's lab is

second largest drug firm in India by sales .

CiplaCipla generated an annual revenue of Rs 3,763.72 crore (Rs 37.637 billion) in 2007

making itself the third largest pharmaceutical firms.

Sun PharmaceuticalsSun Pharma Industries had an overall earnings of Rs 2,463.59 crore (Rs 24.635

billion) in 2007.

Lu

pin Labs:Lupin Labs yielded total profit of Rs 2,215.52 crore (Rs 22.155 billion) in 2007.

Aurobindo PharmaIndia's sixth largest pharma company by sales, Aurobindo posted Rs 2,080.19 crore

(Rs 20.801 billion) annual returns in 2007.

GlaxoSmithKlinegWith 2007 turnover touching Rs 1,773.41 crore (Rs 17.734 billion, GSK is India's

seventh largest pharma firm.

Cadila HealthcareCadila's earnings was Rs 1,613.00 crore (Rs 16.13 billion) in the fiscal year 2007,

establishing itself as India's eight largest drug company.

Aventis PharmaWith an annual revenue of Rs 983.80 crore (Rs 9.838 billion) in 2007, Aventis

Pharma has made a place for itself in the top ten pharma companies in India

Ipca LaboratoriesIpca is India's 10th largest pharma company by sales and in 2007 it had a turnover

of Rs 980.44 crore (Rs 9.804 billion)


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The issue

Med safe was notified by the FDA (Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) on 16 September 2008 of

substandard GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice)at 2 Ranbaxy manufacturing sitesin India.

The FDA has banned the importation of all

products manufactured at these two sites apart

from one product which has no readily availablealternative in the USA (Ganciclovir a product

not available)


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1. Lovir (aciclovir) 200

mg tablets

y 400 mg tablets

y 800 mg tablets

Anti-viral medicine

commonly used for the

treatment and

prevention of herpes.

Approximately

60,000

prescriptions a year

in NZ.

1.

Cefaclor 250 mgcapsule

y 125 mg/5 mL

suspension

Anti-bacterial medicineused to treat infections

in blood, tissue and

skin.

Approximately160,000


in NZ.

1. Amoxicillin 125 mg/5

mL suspension

y 250 mg/5 mL

suspension

Anti-bacterial medicine

(penicillin based)

commonly used to treat

infectionsin blood,

Approximately

400,000


in NZ.


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How do we ensure that medicines

sourced from India are safe? All products from overseas manufacturers must have

certification from a trusted regulator such as regulatorsfrom United States, Europe, United Kingdom andAustralia.

Trusted regulators are those with similar standards toour own and have a high reputation for competenceand their ability to judge Good ManufacturingPractice acceptability.

New Zealand relies on audits by other trustedinternational agencies ofinternational sites. Inaddition there is routine testing of a small number ofmedicines undertaken each year in New Zealand.


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AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

The major agricultural productscan be

broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and

raw materials. In the 21st century, plants have

been used to grow biofuels,

biopharmaceuticals, bioplastics,and

pharmaceuticals.


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A list ofcountries by agricultural

output in 2009.Rank Country Output

1 China 520,352

European Union 312,498

2 India 210,1163 United States 171,075

4 Brazil 96,016

5 Japan 81,089

6 Russia 57,774

7 Spain 48,313

8 France 48,167

9 Australia 40,885

10 Italy 38,129


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What is BT Brinjal?

Bt Brinjal is a transgenic brinjal created by

inserting a gene [Cry 1Ac] from the soil

bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis into Brinjal.

The insertion of the gene into the Brinjal cell

in young cotyledons has been done through

an Agro bacterium-mediated vector, along

with other genes like promoters, markers etc.


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Advantages :

The key argument used by those who support BT brinjal isthat it will boost yields while reducing dependence onpesticides. On average, a brinjal crop undergoes between50-80 rounds of pesticide spraying.

the Brinjal plant resistance against lepidopteron insects likethe Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis)and Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa armigera).

It is reported that upon ingestion of the Bt toxin by theinsect, there would be disruption of digestive processes,

ultimately resulting in the death of the insect.


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Disadvantages:

The genes were toxic and would affect the healthof the consumers.

Several studies on Bt cropsin particular and GM

cropsin general show that there are manypotential health hazardsin foods bio-engineeredin this manner.

GM-fed animalsin variousstudies have shown

that there are problems with growth, organdevelopment and damage, immuneresponsiveness.


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