General Eye Care

8/7/2019 General Eye Care

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General Eye Care

Prepared by:

Ma. Elena Fe G. Acosta, SN4, HTU



-shape of a sphere measuring about 1 inch in diameter,-a clear, transparent dome at the front (cornea),

- surrounded by the white of the eyeball (the sclera)

- The (iris) of the eye is the circular, colored portion within the eye

-Behind the iris and pupil is the eye's (lens).

-(anterior chamber) space behind the back of the cornea and the

front of the lens is called the and is filled with the aqueous fluid.

Behind the lens is a large space that is filled by the transparent

vitreous gel.

-The inside of the back of the eye is lined by the (retina), the thin,light-sensitive tissue that changes light images to electrical signals

via a chemical reaction. These electrical signals generated by the

retina are sent to our brain through the optic nerve. Our brain

interprets what our eyes see.

TheEyes is .

and has the following important part:



EXTERNAL STRUCTURES

� EYELIDS

� CONJUNCTIVA± PALBEBRAL± BULBAR

produces mucus to lubricate the eye

This thin membrane folds back on itself and covers the visiblesclera of the eyeball.

� LACRIMAL APPARATUS± LACRIMAL GLAND, DUCTS & PASSAGES

� 6 EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES

� Levator palpebrae muscle

EXTERNAL STRUCTURES

� EYELIDS

� CONJUNCTIVA± PALBEBRAL± BULBAR

produces mucus to lubricate the eye

This thin membrane folds back on itself and covers the visiblesclera of the eyeball.

� LACRIMAL APPARATUS± LACRIMAL GLAND, DUCTS & PASSAGES

� 6 EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES

� Levator palpebrae muscle

Anatomy and Physiology



main component of tears are formed by

the lacrimal gland located under the upper

lid at the outer corner of the eye. The tears

are composed of a combination of the

substances produced by the lacrimal gland,

the oil glands, and the mucus glands.



ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

EYES

� ORBIT

� EYEBALL : 3 LAYERS:

� OUTER

± SCLERA

± CORNEA

� MIDDLE

± CHOROID

± CILIARY BODY

± IRIS

INNERINNER

RODSRODS

SENSITIVE TO LIGHTSENSITIVE TO LIGHT

PERIPHERAL VISIONPERIPHERAL VISION

CONESCONESFINEFINE

DESCRIMINATIONDESCRIMINATION

COLORCOLOR VISIONVISION



ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

EYES

� LENS FOCUS IMAGE

� FLUIDS OF THE EYE:±

AQUEOUS HUMOR� ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR CHAMBERS

� ANTERIOR EYE CAVITY

� NUTRIENTS TO LENS & CORNEA

� INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE MAINTENANCE

± 20-25 mmHg

± VITREOUS HUMOR� POSTERIOR EYE CAVITY

� TRANSPARENCY & FORM OF THE EYE



EYESEYES



VISUAL PATHWAYS

RETINARETINA

OPTIC NERVEOPTIC NERVE

OPTIC CHIASMOPTIC CHIASM

OPTIC TRACTOPTIC TRACT

OCCIPITAL LOBEOCCIPITAL LOBE



Physical Examination-EYE

� VISUAL ACUITY : SNELLENS CHART

� VISUAL FIELDS: PERIMETRY

� EXTERNAL STRUCTURES

± POSITION & ALIGNMENT OF EYES

± PUPILS (PERRLA)

� EXTRAOCULAR MOVEMENTS

± PARALYSIS

± NYSTAGMUS

� CORNEAL REFLEX



Dont look at me



Facts�

Infectious causes of blindness are decreasing as a result of public health interventions and socio-economic development.

Blinding trachoma now affects fewer than 80 million people,

compared to 360 million in 1985

� Aging populations and lifestyle changes mean that chronic

blinding conditions such as diabetic retinopathy are projected

to rise exponentially

� Women face a significantly greater risk of vision loss than men

� Without effective, major intervention, the number of blind

people worldwide has been projected to increase to 76 millionby 2020

� Dark & Light aims at the eradication of preventable and

treatable eye diseases. Early discovery and proper treatment

can prevent further loss of eyesight!



Prevention is better than cure

Infection Control

1. Eye Care

Dried secretions that have accumulated on the lashes need to

be softened and wipe away.

Softened DS- sterile cotton ball and sterile water or

normal saline over the lid margins.

Wipe LS= inner canthus to outer canthus

Unconscious Client/cpmatose and lacks a blink reflex and cannot close eyelids

completely:

Can use lubricating eye drops

Administer moist compress to cover the eyes every 2-4 hours.

Clean the eyes with saline solution and cotton balls. Wipe form the inner

canthus to the outer canthus.

Use a new cotton ball for each wash



PLANNING FOR HEALTH PROMOTION

CARE OF THE EYES

� EYEDROPS, DISCOURAGED

� PRINTED MATTER: 14 INCHES AWAY

� TV: 10-12 FT AWAY

� READ WITH ILLUMINATION: 100-150 WATTS

�LIGHT FROM BEHIND

� TEACH ABOUT DANGER SIGNALS OF VISUALDISORDER

PERSISTENT REDNESSPERSISTENT REDNESS

CONTINUED DISCOMFORT & PAIN ESPCONTINUED DISCOMFORT & PAIN ESP

FOLLOWING INJURYFOLLOWING INJURY

CHILDREN: CROSSING OF EYESCHILDREN: CROSSING OF EYESBLURRED VISION/ SPOTS BEFORE THE EYESBLURRED VISION/ SPOTS BEFORE THE EYES

GROWTH ON THE EYE/ OPACITIESGROWTH ON THE EYE/ OPACITIES

CONTINUAL DISCHARGE, CRUSTING ORCONTINUAL DISCHARGE, CRUSTING OR

TEARINGTEARING

PUPIL IRREGULARITIESPUPIL IRREGULARITIES



Instill opthalmic ointment or artificial tears into the lower lids as

ordered.

The clients corneal reflex is absent, keep the eye moist with

artificial tears and protect the eye with protective shield. This

should be ordered by a primary care provider.

Monitor the eyes for redness, exudate, ulceration.

If you are a wearer of contact lenses, it is very important towash and rinse hands thoroughly before handling the lenses.

Eyes should be free of make-up when inserting the lens to avoid

particles of mascara etc from being trapped underneath the lens

and causing irritation or even infection.



Always use cleaning solutions as directed and do not

allow them to expire. These solutions are vital for

removing the build-up of protein from the lens.Eye-make-up should be removed daily to allow the skin

to breathe. Use a gentle removal solution and dab the

eye, do not rub it.

Regular eye examinations (every two years) areimportant for keeping prescription lenses correct and for

early diagnosis of any developing eye disorders.

Take measures to guard against eyestrain and protect

vision.

Regular hand washing and make-up removal



Preventive MeasuresA good night of undisturbed sleep.

Cucumber or cold tea bagsDiet

Vitamin A- carrots, sweet potatoes, liver and some green leafy

vegetables.

Deficiency = macular degeneration and corneal ulcer.

Vitamin E- vegetable oil, daily fruits, some type of fish, almond

and hazel.

Vitamin C- oranges, guava, calamansi,strawberries.

Minerals and supplements

LuteinBioflavonoids

Carotenoids

Eat a lot of seafood as well as those contain omega-3 fatty

acids.



Stop Smoking!!

- sore and dehydration

- irritationEye Protection



1. Do not Rub.

2. Pull the upper lid out and downwards.

3. Covers eyes with a loose, damp cotton cover (gauze is

ideal) and seek advice from either optician or doctor.

4. Do not try to remove embedded items

FIRST AID



Eye exercises:

1) Palming:Rub your hands together and cup them. Thenplace them over your closed eyes and breathe in and

out, deeply. Do it for five minute breaks during work.

2) Write and follow the hand movements as you do.

3) Roll both your eyes simultaneously in circles. Then closeyour eyes and do the same.

4) Shut your eyes for one single blink and rub your palms

together while you do. So follow up the blink with a

palming session.5) Cover your eyes with a soft cloth for three to five

minutes and make sure no light creeps in.



Contact Lens Care

Contact lenses- thin curved discs of hard or soft plastic, fit on

the cornea of the eye directly over pupil.In removing contact lenses:

1.Hard Contact Lenses:

-must be positioned directly over the cornea for proper

removal. If the lens is displaced, the nurse ask the client to look

straight ahead, and gently exerts pressure on the upper and lower lid

to move the lens back onto the cornea.To avoid lens mix-up, the nurse must places the first lens in it

designated cup in the storage base before removing the second lens.

2. Soft Lenses: differs in two ways.

-First, have the client look forward. Retract the lower lid withone hand. Using the pad of the index finger of the other hand. Move

the lens down to the inferior part of the sclera.

This reduces the risk of damage to the cornea.



Second, remove the lens by gently pinching the lens between the

pads of the thumb and index finger.Pinching causes the lens to

double up, so the air enter underneath the lens, overcoming thesuction and allowing removal.

Use the pads of fingers to prevent scratching the eyes or the

lens with the fingernails.

Please note that the nurse would need to wear gloves.



Inserting Contact Lenses:

Contact lenses need to be lubricated in a sterile nonirritating wetting

solution (usually a saline solution) before they are inserted.

Artificial Eyes:

Even for unconscious client, daily removal is not necessary.

Removal: put on clean gloves and retract the clients lower eyelid down over the

infraorbital bone while exerting slight pressure below the eyelid to overcome the

suction. An alternative method is to compress a small rubber bulb and apply the tipdirectly to the eye. As the nurse gradually releases the finger pressure on the bulb,

the suction of the bulb counteracts the suction holding the eye in the socket and

draws the eye out of the socket.

The eye is cleaned with warm normal saline and placed in a container filled

with water or saline solution.

Socket and tissues around the eyes-cleaned with cotton wipes ans normalsaline.

To reinsert the eye, the nurse uses the thumb and index finger of one hand to

retract the eyelids, exerting pressure the supraorbital and infraorbital bones.

Holding the eye between the thumb and the index finger of the other hand, the

nurse slips the eye gently into the socket.

General Eye Care

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