PowerPoint Presentation

Gender in Value Chain :Action plan formatEphrem Tesema( PhD) Social Anthropologist and LIVES Gender Expert, Presented at Gender in Value Chain Training Workshop for LIVES Project Staff, August 19-22,2013, Adama, Ethiopia, Rift Valley Hotel, 1Outline Value Chain Analysis with a gender lensData Collection at Macro, Meso and Micro LevelsGender Sensitive Value Chain Mapping Analyzing Gender Sensitive Value Chain MappingAnalyzing Gender Based ConstraintsConcluding Remarks

Value Chain Analysis with a gender lens

Use gender-based Constraints tools to:Distinguish areas of gender inequalities relevant to the efficient operation of the VCsIdentify inequalities and the subsequent FactorsFormulate actions to build a VC with equal gender opportunitiesDiagnose the possible Socio-economic realities that affect gender relations across value chain nodesPoints of Emphasis:The Value chain governance is the most important arena in terms of securing equal benefitsVC Mapping at Macro, Meso and Micro Levels

The Preliminary Mapping shed light onInstitutions, Organizations and Individual actors involved in a VCLevel of Awareness on gender Equality IssuesThe Ones who advocates on Gender inequality issuesInteraction and linkage among themActors with the potential to bring impact on gender equalityFinancial and technical resources committed for gender equality

Gender Sensitive Value Chain Mapping

Macro Level AnalysisCultural Setting/DynamicsRegulations and LegislationsMeso Level AnalysisGender Sensitivity of specific Local StructuresFocuses on Institutions and Structures and their delivery systemInvestigate if they reflect gender equality principles in their structure, culture, in the service they provide ( Producers group, BDS etc.

Gender Sensitive Value Chain Mapping ContindMicro Level AnalysisIdentifies major Constraints faced by women at the HH levelIt shows the repercussion of the constraints on the meso and macro level specific to achievements and chain governanceExample IFPRI/ILRI Mapping of Assets within the HHNaturalPhysicalFinancialHuman SocialPolitical

Analyzing Gender Based Constraints in A project Context

Steps in Gender Sensitive VC Mapping Process:Step I:Mapping Gender Roles & Relationships along the commodity/ Value Chain-Step II: From Gender Inequality to ConstraintsStep III:Assessing the Consequences of the ConstraintsStep IV: Taking/Recommending ActionsStep V: Measuring Outcomes of the ActionsIntegrating Gender in Agricultural VC Source: Adopted from Gender Equitable Opportunities in Agricultural Value Chains, USAID, 2010 Food for ThoughtEvening Exercise (10-15 for Each Commodity VC)

Take one Commodity and map Gender roles/relations, identify constraints, assess the gender Consequences, Proposes mitigation/actions and state hypothetical Outcomes expected from the proposed actionPut your findings in One Flip Chart and Post on the Wall in the morning for exhibition and to get comment from other team members Implication for VC Research for Development WorkTo enhance gender roles in value chain nodes and Chain governance of high value Livestock commodities and Irrigated CropsTo enhance gender sensitive knowledge management and capacity building interventions in high value Livestock commodities and irrigated cropsTo ensure gender sensitive approaches' use by LIVESs research and development partners and value chain actors and chain supporters

Thanks: The World is a Market Place; Then bargain in it!

Sebeta Cattle Market, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, April, 2013, Photo by Ephrem TesemaPass to Next PresentationPresentation I:Rational for Gender Mainstreaming in Livestock andIrrigation Value Chain Research and Development

The Activist, The Catalyst and Apathetic?!OutlineWhy Gender Matter in Livestock and Irrigated Value Chains R&D InterventionsFacts and Figures: They Google at You!!Inclusive Development, Social Justice and Effectiveness: Areas that nag your conciseProjects Objective/Outcomes: Sound(s) centrifugal/ final resort to make matters .Concluding RemarksWhy Gender Matter in Livestock and Irrigated Value Chains R&D Interventions

Many millions of women and men Depend on the Agricultural Sector (livestock and irrigated Crop)Both Sexes Contribute for the growth and advancement of the agricultural sectorThere are indispensable complementarity of male and female smallholder in value addition and efficiencyThey pay costs in terms of health and wellbeing mostly disproportionatelyMost nutrition related successes depend on the level of gender empowerment in the householdValue addition of products for the market depends on gender balanced decision making in the HH.

Assumptions about men and women in the livestock SectorContribute for gene flows and domestic animal diversityHold knowledge useful for prevention and treatment of livestock illness (ethno- Veterinary)Differ in putting criteria for breed selectionHave different livestock knowledge and skills depending on their roles and responsibilities-boys and girls included Differ in reasoning for keeping certain types of livestock Therefore:Mainstreaming gender in livestock initiatives means addressing the perceived needs and interests of men, women, boys and girls

Gender in Smallholding livestock Value ChainsFacts and Figures: They Google at You!!752 m people in the world keep livestock of which about 50% are women2/3 of poor livestock keepers (400m) are women mainly poultry, sheep and goatMilk and processing is mainly run by women and to some extent children43% of labour contribution in the agricultural Sector in some countries is from womenMostly women and children get affected by Zoonotic disease, Bilharzia in Irrigated areas)70% of food producers in the family are women

Facts and Figures ContindGender disempowerment at HH level demure the possibility of effectiveness along the VC ( Verbal communication with female agricultural Extension agent in IPMS PLW,2007)Therefore, What we are going to do to change this?Emphasize on the following :Access to and control over natural/productive resources ( Land, Water)The implication of distribution of roles and responsibilities based on sex and ageAccess to Technologies, training and Extension Services

Therefore, What we are going to do to change?

Access to Financial ServicesAccess to marketsSpace for participation & decision making in the HH, Community and Enterprise levelOccupational health and safetyInvestment both in gender practical and strategic needsEnsure gendered responsive accountability at different levels

Breaking the Gender Bias and Strike the BalanceInclusive Development, Social Justice and Effectiveness: Areas that nag your concise

Taking your share of the problem as most of the gender constraints are emanated from biases

They could change over time, not permanent natural phenomena and not biological

Projects Objective/Outcomes: Sound(s) centrifugal/ final resort to make matters .

A Gender Lens in commodity/ Enterprise DevelopmentCommodities and value chain nodes traditionally dominated by women

Commodities and value chain nodes conventionally involve men and women

Commodities and value chain nodes conventionally dominated by men only.

Directives for Successful Gender Sensitive Interventions in LIVES Set specific Gender targets for LIVES Intervention that captures the imagination of staff and partners and facilitate support for its successful achievements.

Learn from and share the experience of successful gender sensitive VC Governance

Present evidence and facts to raise the awareness of project partners regarding the Importance of gender in value chain development initiative. Do not preach!!

Prepare a gender action plan and scan the plan and all project activities with gender lens, share with partners and project staff

Directives ContindLearn and share gender analytical tools and approaches for successful delivery

Work in partnership with the respective Womens Affair Offices and other gender sensitive public and private service delivery organizations

Understanding the gender context of the priority commodity/ value chains through diagnostic process and by making continues follow up studies

Collecting and analyzing site and priority value chain specific information on gender differences in division of labor in producing and marketing priority commodities

Directives ContindIdentify the extent of access to and control over resources and benefits accrued to men and women from specific commodities and value chain nodes

gender participation in decision making capacity needs to be engaged in priority commodity value chain development

Developing strategies to address gender issues in commodity chains with partners

Identifying opportunities and implementing strategies to enable women and men to have equal opportunities in the project activitiesIdentifying constraints and opportunities for womens participation in the selected value chains

Possible Areas of InterventionsTargeting women from femaleheaded households who have land for vegetable production

Targeting women to engage in input supply systems like fruit tree nurseries, pullet production, feed block preparation

Involving women and women groups in value addition/processing (e.g. juice and honey processing)

Giving more focus and support to women in womendominated enterprises (e.g. dairy, Small ruminants and poultry)

Possible Areas ContdAdapting enterprises to more effectively engage and increase benefits to women, e.g., honey production in modern beehives

Supporting women to identify and develop joint enterprises like small ruminant fattening

Facilitate linkage to micro-finance institutions and other financial sources to enhance access to credit and market linkages for women to better Increase the participation of women in value chain development

Evaluating these approaches to understand which strategies work, where and under what conditions

Possible Areas ContindUsing participatory technology adoption and evaluation approaches that enhance womens participation such as farmer participatory research Involve women in special and regular Field days to demonstrate and scaling up Successful Out ComesCreate Space for them in the Knowledge Centers, in ICT based information delivery and in activities to be carried at FTC levelsEvaluate the way extension services are rendered to both men and women farmers, Mainly the facilitation skills of development agents, including our ownEngaging women waterusers associations to increase access to irrigation technologies and enhance decision making role in tapping the resources

Learning and Sharing: Knowledge Dissemination and Capacity Enhancement by innovative Female Farmer In Adaa District Oromia

W/ro Elfinesh Bermeji, a female smallholder in Adaa district in Oromia, share her experiences on backyard beekeeping for AGP trainees, Photo by Ephrem Tesema, November 18, 2011Elfinesh, A Female Farmer from Adaa District, Oromia Regionala State, share her experience in back yard Beekeeping for AGP Staff from Four Regions of Ethiopia in 2010, Photo by Ephrem Tesema, ILRI/IPMS Project Gender Expert.28Presentation III: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities in LIVESGender Mainstreaming EndeavourOutlineProgress in LIVE Gender Mainstreaming TaskOpportunitiesChallengesThe Way ForwardA Message for LIVES Team on Gender Mainstreaming Secret for Success

Progress in LIVE Gender Mainstreaming Task

Directly Project Related Activities1.1.Familiarizing LIVES Staff with the Gender mainstreaming guideline ( Presentation) May 30, 20131.2.Selection of gender in value chain reading materials to be down loaded on E-readers and distributed to partners for action research purpose1.3. Supporting the knowledge management intervention through commenting the knowledge management guideline, the E-reader based data collection questionnairesContinued1.4. Distribution of soft copies for headquarter and Regional staff to share new insights, gender analytical tools and innovative approaches1.5. Involving in designing a research project call from the World Bank with CRP 3.7. team togain expertise to carry out a research in four PAs with the objective of designing genderSelf-determination and Empowerment path ways. The pilot gender self-determinationand empowerment tools will be tested in four value chain projects located in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Tanzania

Continued1.6. Supporting the LIVES Staff recruiting panel through involving in the interview questions and by presenting gender in value chain related questions during Recruitment of Research Officers, Business Development Officer1.7.Contribution a part on gender disaggregated reporting for a weekly reporting format prepared by LIVESs Programme Coordinator

Opportunities

Coordination and Gender InfrastructurePast Experiences, Guidelines, ToolsProper Planning and GuidanceFamiliarization of staff, Co-planning with LIVES teamPartnership and Resource sharingLIVES Gender Unit closely work with ILRI Capacity Building CG Gender Consortium, CRP 3.7ATA, Agri-Hub Ethiopia, AGP, Ministry of Agriculture Gender Unit, Individual Researchers on Gender, Gender and Nutrition etc. Gender proactive Project Management Style and Good Relation with Donor AgencyAllocation of resources, space for influencing project pillars and budget and logistic allocation for Gender WorkConstructive Relation with CIDAChallenges

Communication and Information FlowNeed improved communication with Regional and Zonal TeamThe Understanding of the Gender Dimension of LIVES and how to materialize Gender equity in the project pillars across all intervention AreasLow Assessment of partnership building at Regional and Zonal Level-Need to inspire, involve and support key Partners in the Ministry of Agriculture-Gender Unit, Women Affairs Offices, Cooperative Agent Gender UnitMinimum Resources and Capacity to uniformly address gender issues across Project Areas( Pillars) from Headquarter so far.

The Way Forward

Gender Sensitive team building within LIVESBuild Capacity of Gender LIVES Regional and Zonal Team through coaching, mentoring and TOT TrainingCarry our Gender in Value chain analysis on the basis of selected Commodities in each intervention regions/zonesCreating partnership b/n LIVES regional and Zonal teams with gender units in the Ministry of Agriculture, Women Affairs Offices and NGOs with Gender and Agriculture related intervention Capacitating key partners ( DAs, Extension Agents and other front line development partners) through gender sensitization training, coaching and mentoring of gender in value chain issues and gender in value chain mapping and analysisPublication on Gender in value chain success stories and Lessons Gender Mainstreaming Secret for Success

Readiness to discover the lost six sense within usReadiness to listen others perspective and capitalize on thatGender contributes a lot for Career building and to claim professional excellence at individual level in the present century Professionalism Gender sensitivity also add value to enhance the success of ILRI and LIVES in its core competency areas Do Gender across all intervention areas and pillars with sense not only with sense of responsibility but with high sense of humour and Facilitation Skills: Semi Structured Interview(SSI) With CommunityThe Basics of Gender Facilitating SkillsIndividual InterviewGroup Interview Key Informant InterviewFocus Group InterviewThe Basics of Gender Facilitating Skills

High Degree of Trust between The Field Workers and Community This Requires Facilitation SkillsIt Empowers people equallyIt help men and women to assess and review their environment and world views

Individual InterviewConnected with an opportunity sample of purposely-selected individualsIt may include leaders; innovative persons, women household heads, resource poor farmersInterviewing a number of farmers on the same topic will quickly reveal a wide range of opinions, attitudes and strategiesIt is advisable to ask individual respondents about their own knowledge and attitude

Group InterviewProvide access to a larger body of knoldge ( or community level information)Provide an immediet crosscheck on information, for it is received from others in the groupIt is difficult to mange a larger group at a timeAs a rule of thumb keep the size from 20-25Key Informant Interview

Can be done with any one with Special knowledge on a particular topicKey informants are expected to be able to answer :Questions about the knowledge and behavior of others Especially about the operations of the broader systemCrosschecking is necessary to avoid risks of mislead by key informantsOutsiders who live outside the community can be valuable key informants

Focus Group Interview

Helps to discuss specific topics in details with small groups of peopleKeep the size of interviewees from 6 to 12They should have intimate knoldge about the topic under considerationsThe facilitator make sure that:The discussion does not diverge too far from the original topicNo participant dominatesNo participant ignoredEye contactResponsive gestures/para-liguisticsSelecting words and probing not arguing

How to Conduct Semi-Structured InterviewDef.:SSI is a form of guided interviewing where only some questions are predeterminedThere are three types of QuestionsLeading Questions: Imply the kind of response that is expected: the speaker may try, consciously or unconsciously, to get the listener to agree with or support the speakers point of viewDirect questions: Usually aimed at obtaining specific points of information. Usually they are prefaced by: How many, How much, How often, Who, When, WhereOpen questions: are key questions in dialogue on innovation. They give free rein expression without explicitly directing interviewee's response

PreparationsSelect an appropriate team of interviewers. Assign responsibilities i.e. note taker, observer and moderatorFormulate questions clearly. Agree on how to conduct the interview: Focus Group, Key informants, individualPrepare yourself for the interviewPrepare a check listBefore InterviewBegin with traditional interviewExplain who you are? Your name, job, purpose of visitBegan your Qing by referring to something or some visible entityBe sensitive and respectfulTake a sit as same level with the intervieweeDo locally accepted polite talkFind the right place to sitAvoid language barriersDialogue/ casual conversationRapport between interviewee and facilitator dictates the quality of dataSpend some time for casual conversationObserve,keep eyes for patterns, behaviours differences, usual things and non-verbal indicators

During interviewAsk one questions at a timeMost interview should be open ended with broad questions to allow respondents to discuss the topic in their own terms, not the interviewer'sUse words phrased like Why, Who, Where, When, How.Probe responsesDo not suggest answersAvoid lecturing and advisingCarefully lead up to important or sensitive questionsTake your time, allow your respondents to answer completely before moving to another pointClosing the InterviewSummarise the discussionDo not refuse drinking water or local drinksDo not take a photograph of people unless you ask and receive their permissionFinish the interview politelyThank the interviewRecording the InterviewDevide the page of your note into two columnsOne, for responses and the other for observationsAsk permission from your informants before you start writing thingsRecord what is being saidDetails of an interviewImportant pointsWho was interviewed?Was it in a group?Where was the interview held?Please understandBoth types of knowledge ( local and scientific) merit mutual respectThe rural people practices, and whole way of life, are respected and esteemed by the outsidersThe rural people need to understand the discussion that is going on, and therefore has the right to ask questions; they are entitled to explanations and justifications of the discussionThe outsiders are motivated to learn the rural people who will therefore teach as well as learnThe rural people will be responsible dor decisions that can make or break the success of the field work/data collection

Points to remember for FGI/SSI FacilitatorsPlan ahead of time and relax as it is a journey in another realm of knowledge from the formal oneConsult community members and leadersIdentify the necessary composition that fulfills your purposeUnderstand that it is not a last resort to your problem then relax if the first attempts failsRe-plan your interview after thorough evaluationsThank participants for their time and knowledgeOrganized your not immediately after interviewDo it with one team members

Thanks

Together We Can!! Thaks!!www.lives-ethiopia.org

Gender Action Planning Guide for LIVES TeamAn Action Plan is a simple lists of all of the tasks that you need to finish an objectiveIt is not a menu of a TO-Do List It Focuses on the achievements of a single goalIt gives a framework for thinking about how you will complete a project activity efficientlyHelp finish activities in a logical orderIt helps you not to miss key issues, steps and prioritiesIt helps you to monitor activities after sometimeIt can capture essential elements in a simple formatIt is a mnemonic device over time

Steps in Preparing an Action PlanStep 1:Identify TasksStart with brain storming: talk on the needed actions, set priorities to meet specific deadlinesList tasks and change it into plansStep 2: Analyze and Delegate TasksLook at each task with a greater detailIdentify tasks to be delegated to team membersState deadline for each actions and stepsIndicate if you may need additional resources Step 3: Double check systematically SpaceCashSupporters/people

Double Check Systematically ContdEquipmentMaterials Expertise systemsStep 4 Monitoring and reviewMonitor the execution of your plan and review the plan regularly

Action Planning Format

No.OutcomeActivityTarget GroupSupportersTime TableThanks