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Gender and bushmeat value chain
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Gender and Bushmeat Value Chain Robert Nasi Nathalie Van Vliet CIFOR, Annual Meeting 2012, October 3 rd
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Men and women both contribute to and influence the use and trade of bushmeat, all along the bushmeat market chain from hunting to consumption, passing through trade and food preparation. In this presentation, we follow the bushmeat market chain, step by step, examining gendered involvement, and find tips for being gender-sensitive when mapping value chains. This presentation was given during CIFOR’s Annual Meeting 2012, which was held on 1–5 October at the headquarters in Bogor, Indonesia.
Transcript of Gender and bushmeat value chain
Gender andBushmeat Value
Chain
RobertNasiNathalieVanVliet
CIFOR,AnnualMeeting2012,October3rd
Objective
Tounderstandtherolesandcontributionsofmenandwomenintheuseandtradeofbushmeat,alongthebushmeattradechainfromhuntingtoconsumption,passingthroughtradeandfoodpreparation
The Bushmeat Market Chain
Hunters Transporters
RetailersFinalconsumersinruralareas
Finalconsumersinurbanareas
Prey
Wholesalers
Hunting
Isgenerallya”man”onlyactivitybut....
Womenoftenpushforhunting
“IfacertainmangoeshuntingbutIdon’tgo,mywifemightevenstartlovingthatman.”(Man,age32)
Tanzania, FZS: Asanterabi Lowassa([email protected])
Hunting
Hunters Transporters
RetailersFinalconsumersinruralareas
Finalconsumersinurbanareas
LAFILIÈREVIANDEDEBROUSSE
Prey
The Bushmeat Market Chain
Wholesalers
TransportingMenaremostlyinvolvedintransportfromthesourcetourbanareas
Hunters Transporters
RetailersFinalconsumersinruralareas
Finalconsumersinurbanareas
LAFILIÈREVIANDEDEBROUSSE
Prey
The Bushmeat Market Chain
Wholesalers
Wholesalers and retailersWomenareinvolvedinthetradefromretailers,wholesalers,restaurants,
preparedbushmeatmealssoldinmarketsorinthestreet
HuntersTransporters
RetailersFinalconsumersinruralareasFinalconsumersinurbanareas
LAFILIÈREVIANDEDEBROUSSE
Prey
The Bushmeat Market Chain
Wholesalers
Bushmeatpreferencesbygender
women preferences
cane rat
5%
porcupine
61%
blue duiker
3%
red duikers
5%
pangolin
6%
monkey
10%
Consumption
SouthwestCameroun,vanVlietandNasi,unpublished)(N=345)
men preferences
cane rat
11%
porcupine
46%blue duiker
2%
red duikers
9%
pangolin
11%
monkey
6%
Bats,nilemonitor,foxandgorillawereonlymentionedbymen;elephantswereclearlypreferredbywomen(78%ofthevoteswerefromwomen)
Consumptiontaboosformenandwomen
Consumption
Womenthateatbayduikercouldhaveperiodsforever(Kota,Gabon)
Gender differences
• Genderbalanceallalongthetradechain(Brown,2003)
• Genderdifferencesinthecontributionofbushmeattoincome
• Genderdifferencesinbushmeatconsumptionpatterns
• Genderdifferencesinexposuretozoonosisassociatedwiththehandlingofbushmeat
Usingqualitativedatafromtwosites,lowerOmoinEthiopiaandwesternSerengetiinTanzania,wefoundthatinbothplaceswomen,whilenotactivelyhunting,playedastrongrolethroughavarietyofverbalandnon‐verbalbehavioursthatmotivatedmalehuntinganddiscouragedtheirnon‐hunting.Huntingactivitieswerehighlygenderedanddrivenbytheinterplaybetweenmaleandfemaleroles,whichservedtomaintaintheseactivitiesdespitestrongdisincentivesfromlegislationandconservationanddevelopmentinterventions.
Methodological implications
• Studyofthevaluechainwithoutconsideringgenderislargelyirrelevant
• Thereisnoneedofverysophisticatedmethods
• Commonsenseshouldprevail
Methods.Cameroon
• Bushmeatconsumptionsurveysatthehouseholdlevel
•Socio‐economiccharacteristicsofthehousehold•Proteinsconsumedthedaybeforetheinterviewforbreakfast,lunchanddinner•Statedpreferencefordifferentsourcesofprotein
Methods
• Bushmeatconsumptioninterviewstoschoolpupilsinindigenouscommunities,smalltownsandcities
•Socio‐economiccharacteristicsofthefamilies•Proteinsconsumedthedaybeforetheinterviewforbreakfast,lunchanddinner•Statedpreferencefordifferentsourcesofprotein
Methods• Identificationofthemarketchain:stakeholdersinvolved,tradepoints,prices,traderoutesetc…
•Visittradepoints•Participantobservation•Informalandnonsystematicconversationswithtradersandconsumers•Dailymonitoringofsalesinspecifickeypointsforonemonthduringthedryseason
Engageinpreliminarymappingofthechain,consideringgender,byusingsecondarysourcesandproject’sdocumentationbeforestartingthestudy.
Addagenderdimensiontoastandardmappingofavaluechainismarginallycostly.Criticalstepsare:
toenquireabouttherelativeproportionsofwomenandmenateachnodeand
toaskaboutwhomakesthetransactionsbetweennodes. complementedbyfurtherinvestigationintowagedifferentialsbetweenwomenandmenateachnode,andbetweennodes.
Practical Tips for Gender-Sensitive Value Chain Mapping
Itisimportanttogooutintothefieldandtoseekaccesstostakeholdersasopposedtorelyingonspokespersonsfororganisationswhomayprofferlargeclaimsregardingprogresstowardsgenderequity.Aricher,morenuancedpicturecanbegainedthroughtalkingtoarangeofactorsateachnodeinthechain.
Peoplelike‘successfulcasestories’.Yetthesemaynottypifytheaveragestoriesresultingfromtheworkandthelessonsthatcanbedevelopedfromthese.Itisthereforeusefultoconsidercarefullythekindsofrespondentthatthescientistwouldliketospeaktoandthenatureoftheinteractionsought‐e.g.withorwithoutprojectrepresentatives,representativesofvariousstakeholders,andtheneedtomeet‘averagecases’.
Gender‐sensitivetranslatorscomfortablewithworkinginthefieldareessentialandsoaregender‐sensitiveinvestigators.
Thank you
