Gender Dimensions of Occupational Health and Safety of Street Vendors in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal...
-
Upload
patience-fitzgerald -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Gender Dimensions of Occupational Health and Safety of Street Vendors in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal...
Gender Dimensions of Occupational Health and Safety of Street Vendors in
Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Presented by:
Abina Shrestha
GDS
ID: 109588
16th May, 20111
Introduction
Research Problem
Research Objectives
Research Area and Category
Methodology
Findings and Discussion
Conclusion
Recommendations
Outline
2
Introduction Informal sector
Very small-scale units with low and irregular income
Gender stereotype attitude
Often undervalued or invisible, does not fall under any labor law, no legal protection by state
Street vending visible informal sector work
Survival strategy
4Ps for OHS
Visible work 3
Working environment
Men and women different occupational health hazards
Lack national policy and license system
Ineffective support from responsible stakeholders on OHS
Research Problem
4
General objective
Gender dimensions of OHS issues among street vendors
Specific objectives
Vulnerability: working environment, health condition and occupational injuries, diseases and accidents
Coping strategies
Association/trade unions role
Recommendation on effective solution of OHS in gender sensitive way
Research Objectives
5
Kathmandu Valley
Research Area and Category
6
Occupational Group
Male Street
Vendors
Female Street
VendorsFood 27 45
Perishable 45 58Durable 52 73Total 124 176
7
Methodology
Explorative, Descriptive and Cross-sectional
Primary Data
Questionnaire survey
Key informants interview
In-depth interview
FGD
Observation
Findings and Discussion
8
Educational Status
9
51.1
21.6
9.1
16.5
1.7 0
24.226.6
11.3
27.4
7.33.2
0
20
40
60
80
100
Illiterate Literate Primary Secondary Higher Secondary
UnderGraduate
Educ
ation
Sta
tus
(%)
Female
Male
Monthly Income
10
Average monthly income NRs.11,805 (F) and NRs.11,964 (M)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Food
Peri
shab
le
Dur
able
Tota
l
Food
Peri
shab
le
Dur
able
Tota
l
Food
Peri
shab
le
Dur
able
Tota
l
Food
Peri
shab
le
Dur
able
Tota
l
Food
Peri
shab
le
Dur
able
Tota
l
NRs. 1000-5000 NRs. 5001-10000 NRs. 10001-15000 NRs. 15001-20000 NRs. 20001-90000
Inco
me
(%)
Female
Male
Working Hours
Types of occupational group
Working hoursTotal
4-9 10-15
FoodFemale 21 (46.7) 24 (53.3) 45 (100)
Male 16 (59.3) 11 (40.7) 27 (100)
PerishableFemale 38 (65.5) 20 (35.4) 58 (100)
Male 23 (51.1) 22 (48.9) 45 (100)
DurableFemale 42 (57.5) 31 (42.5) 73 (100)
Male 12 (23.1) 40 (76.9) 52 (100)
TotalFemale 101 (57.4) 75 (42.6) 176 (100)
Male 51 (41.1) 73 (58.9) 124 (100)
Average working hour 8.93 F and 10.27 M
Average HH work hour 4.7 (F)
11
Physical hazardsRoof Drinking waterLighting systemToiletTransportation
Environmental hazardsGarbage and construction siteAir, noise pollution
Mental hazardsHarassmentWork burden
Main OHS Issues and Vulnerability
12
13
Types of injuries/diseases/accidents by Gender Status
Cold/cough (91.3% F; 92.7%M)
Body, Legs, Hands, Joint, Backbone Pain (84.3%F; 85.4%M)
Chest Pain (61.9% F; 59.1% M)
Gastritis (51.3% F; 57.3% M)
Headache (64.3% F; 51.9%M)
Swollen hands/leg (35% F) Distended abdomen (1.8% F) Jaundice/tuberculosis/typhoid (12.7% M)
Fever Respiratory problem Hearing loss Throat problem Pain during urination Skin allergy
34.1% of women and 5.6% of men report of reproductive health problem
Reproductive Health Issues
14
4.03%1.60%
94.37%
Male
18.80%
14.80%
19.30%
2.80%2.30%2.80%
65.90%
Female Lower abdominal pain
Menstrual disorder
Severe pain during menstruation
No sexual desire
Pain during cohabitation
Other
Not Related to Vending or No Problem Reported
Found difference in saying and implementing more among women
More preference on family health, i.e. husband and children
Out of 300, 68.3% does not seek medical attainment that comprise 37.7% F and 30.6% M
Health Seeking Behavior
15
Medical treatments, Why Not?
16
Minor injuries (58.4% F and 56.5% M)
Lack of time (19.4% F and 4% M)
Lack of money (7.1% F and 6.5 M)
Income Level and Working Hour
Medical Treatment
Income Working hour
Low High 4-9 10-15
YesFemale
38
(21.5)
17
(9.6)
39
(22.1)
24
(13.6)
Male22
(17.7)
9
(7.2)
9
(7.3)
23
(18.6)
NoFemale
63
(35.8)
28
(15.9)
61
(34.7)
52
(29.6)
Male62
(50.0)
24
(19.3)
40
(32.2)
52
(41.9)
Education Status vs. Medical Treatment
Medical treatment
Education status
Total Illiterate
Literate
PrimarySeconda
ry
Higher seconda
ry
Under graduat
e
Yes
Female28
(15.9)
17
(9.7)
7
(3.9)
10
(5.6)
1
(0.5)
0
(0)63
Male7
(5.7)
7
(5.7)
3
(2.4)
13
(10.5)
8
(6.4)
3
(2.4)41
No
Female62
(35.3)
21
(11.9)
9
(5.2)
19
(10.8)
2
(1.2)
0
(0)113
Male23
(18.6)
26
(20.9)
11
(8.9)
21
(16.9)
1
(0.8)
1
(0.8)83
17
Knowledge on Health Hazards from Occupation
18
78.9
18.8
2.3
87
10.5
2.5
82.4
15.3
2.30
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
No Yes Some
Know
ledg
e on
hea
lth h
azar
ds f
rom
oc
cupa
tion
(%)
FemaleMaleTotal
Determine by three factors
Infrastructure (age, sex, environment, etc)
Structure (individual socio-economic status)
Super structure (education, culture, belief, fatalism, etc)
Coping Strategies: Individual Level
19
Be careful and alert
Take some interval and walk
Use umbrella (F),raincoat (M), mask (M), shawl (F), caps (M)
Consuming meat, taking massage
Antiseptic cream
Medical store, etc
Few organization NEST, GEFONT
Early stage, difficulties in organizing workers
Membership 12.3% M and 9.7% F
Advocating and lobbying with government for national and legal policy on street vending
Struggling for space management
Concern towards OHS has not become catchy
Issues of being affiliated with political institutions
Coping Strategies: Institutional Level
20
Conclusion
External Barriers
Low income earning
Educational level
Lack of time
Organization role
Internal Barriers
Socio-cultural factors like socio-cultural norms, gender role in family, patriarchal practices and attitude towards women
21
22
Recommendation
Concerned organization (trade union, NGOs, street vendors association)
launch a health campaign
introduce micro health insurance program with maternity component
creating awareness on OHS through mobilizing student, training, orientation, counseling, etc
encouraged women to unite
partner with international association (Streetnet International, WIEGO, ILO-OHS, WHO and others)
Municipal agencies and city planner Space management policy by time management
Mobile toilet
23
Acknowledgements
AIT – Government of Japan Scholarship
Dr. Philippe (Advisor)
Street Vendors in Kathmandu Valley
GEFONT, NEST
Thank You
SAFETY IS
EVERYONES REPONSIBILITY
24