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OISD-GDN-161 Revision – I : March, 2003 FOR RESTRICTED CIRCULATION

LPG TANK TRUCK INCIDENTS : RESCUE AND RELIEF OPERATIONS

Prepared by: COMMITTEE ON ‘LPG TANK TRUCK INCIDENTS’

OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE Government of India,

Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, 7th Floor, New Delhi House,

27, Barakhamba Road, New Delhi-110 001.

NOTE

OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE publications

are prepared for use in the oil and gas industry under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. These are the property of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas and shall not be reproduced or copied and loaned or exhibited to others without written consent from OISD.

Though every effort has been made to assure the

accuracy and reliability of data contained in these documents, OISD hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from their use.

These documents are intended only to supplement and

not replace the prevailing statutory requirements.

FOREWORD

Oil Industry in India is 100 years old. Over the years a

variety of practices have been in vogue because of various collaboration / association with different foreign companies and governments. Standardisation in design, operating and maintenance practices at a national level was hardly in existence. This lack of uniformity coupled with feed back from some serious incidents that occurred in the recent past in India and abroad, emphasized the need for the industry to review the existing state of art in designing, operating and maintaining oil and gas installations.

With this in view, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural

Gas in 1986 constituted a Safety Council assisted by the Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) staffed from within the industry in formulating and implementing a series of self regulatory measures aimed at removing obsolescence, standardizing and upgrading the existing standards to ensure safer operations. Accordingly, OISD constituted a number of functional committees of experts nominated from the industry to draw up standards and guidelines on various subjects.

The original document on ‘Rescue and relief operation

involving tank truck accident carrying LPG’ was released in August, 1993. The present document on ‘LPG Tank Truck Incidents : Rescue & Relief Operations’ was prepared by the Committee on LPG Tank Truck Incidents. This document is revised based on the accumulated knowledge / experience of industry members and the various national / international codes & practices.

Correspondence from industry members may be addressed

to:

The Co-ordinator, Committee on

LPG Tank Truck Incidents OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE,

Government of India, Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas,

7th Floor, New Delhi House, 27, Barakhamba Road,

New Delhi-110 001.

COMMITTEE ON LPG TANK TRUCK MODIFICATIONS, DESIGN AND OPERATION

(First Edition : August 1993)

LIST OF MEMBERS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NAME ORGANISATION STATUS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S/Shri R.K. Singh Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. Leader V.K. Allawadi Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Member

S.V. Sahni Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. Member S.C. Gupta Oil Industry Safety Directorate Member-Co-ordinator --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

COMMITTEE ON

LPG TANK TRUCK INCIDENTS (Revision I : March 2003)

LIST OF MEMBERS

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NAME ORGANISATION STATUS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S/Shri K. V. Apte Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. Leader N. Dasgupta Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. Member

M. S. Iyer Bharat Petroleum Corpn. Ltd. Refinery, Member S. S. Lamba Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Member T. Koteeswaran Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd. Member S. Roy Chowdhury IBP Co. Ltd. Member D. J. Phukan Numaligarh Refineries Ltd. Member B. K. Tiwari Oil Industry Safety Directorate Member-Co-ordinator --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(In addition to the above, several other experts from industry contributed in the preparation, review and finalisation of this document).

LPG TANK TRUCK INCIDENTS : RESCUE AND RELIEF OPERATIONS

CONTENTS

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 SCOPE 1 3.0 DEFINITIONS 1 4.0 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN 2

4.1 DISTRIBUTION OF EMP 2

4.2 TREM CARD 2 4.3 INFORMATION ON INCIDENT 2 4.4 INITIATION OF ACTION 3 4.5 SCENARIO AND EMERGENCY HANDLING 4 4.6 RELIEF / RESCUE OPERATIONS 8 IN CASE OF UCV / BLEVE 4.7 ROLE OF EXTERNAL AGENCIES 9 4.8 RESOURCE IDENTIFICATION / MOBILISATION 10

ANNEXURE I 11 ANNEXURE II 14 ANNEXURE III 16

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.0 INTRODUCTION

There is a sustained growth in consumption and consequent transportation of bulk LPG by road tankers to LPG Installations spread all over India. In order to have better and clear understanding among the Oil Industry personnel, their roles and responsibilities along with various other authorities have been defined. Interaction at field level with local authorities, law enforcing agencies, fire brigade and other oil companies is must to familiarise all concerned and to ensure their co-operation and willingness to handle such emergencies. 2.0 SCOPE This document provides guidelines for handling emergencies arising out of LPG Tank Truck (TT) incidents. The location incharges, based on these guidelines, should identify necessary resources so as to handle such incidents promptly. These guidelines can be modified to reflect local conditions as well as the capabilities of the response team. Guidelines for Rescue & Relief operations for POL Tank Truck Accident are covered in OISD-GDN-165. 3.0 DEFINITIONS 3.1 Bulk LPG Tank Truck : A Tank

Truck designed to carry bulk LPG by road.

3.2 Incident : An event involving a bulk

LPG Tank Truck with or without bulk load meeting with an accident with/ without leak with or without fire.

3.3 TRANSPORT EMERGENCY

(TREM) CARD: A card issued by an LPG loading location containing details about the nature of hazards, protective devices, telephone numbers and actions related to spillage, fire, first aid etc. to be taken in any emergency.

3.4 Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion

(UVCE) : With the release of LPG to atmosphere, vapour cloud

formation takes place. Ignition and burning of vapour cloud as deflagrations and fireballs may cause lot of damage by radiation starting secondary fires at some distance. The vapour cloud may ignite and its explosion may cause high over pressures and very heavy damage, which is termed as unconfined vapour cloud explosion (UVCE).

3.5 Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour

Explosion (BLEVE) : BLEVE is the violent rupture of a pressure vessel containing saturated liquid / vapour at a temperature well above its normal (atmospheric pressure) boiling point. The resulting flash evaporation of a large fraction of the liquid produces a large vapour cloud. If the vapour is flammable and if an ignition source is present at the time of vessel rupture, the vapour cloud burns in the form of a large rising fireball. If ignition is delayed a few seconds, such that the vapour has time to form a large flammable vapour-air mixture, a vapour cloud explosion ensues.

3.6 Emergency Response Vehicle (ERV) : Emergency Response Vehicle is a rescue vehicle with necessary support equipment meant for rescue and relief operations in any incident involving LPG bulk movement.

3.7 LPG Installation : LPG Installation

means an LPG facility like LPG Installation, LPG Recovery Plant, Refinery etc., where LPG handling, i.e., loading / unloading, bottling etc., is carried out.

3.8 Flammable (Explosive) Range :

In the case of gases or vapour, which form flammable mixtures with air, there is a minimum concentration of vapour in air, below which the propagation of flame does not occur on contact with a source of ignition. This is called Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). Similarly,

there is a maximum concentration of vapour, above which the propagation of flame does not occur on contact with a source of ignition. This is called Upper Explosive Limit (UEL). This range of minimum to maximum concentration is termed as Flammable (Explosive) Range. Generally, this range for LPG is 1.8% to 9.5%.

4.0 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN

(EMP) In order to handle Emergencies, which may arise due to incident involving LPG Tank Trucks, it is required that a comprehensive Emergency Management Plan is readily available with the industry as well as with other related authorities. The Emergency Management Plan should be clearly understood by its users so that the Emergencies can be handled in a systematic manner with minimum response time in accordance with the prescribed procedure. 4.1 DISTRIBUTION OF EMP : Copies of the

Emergency Management plan shall be made available by the Industry to:

i. All the field locations i.e. LPG

Installations, POL Depots, Terminals / Installations, Refineries, Gas Processing Plants, Despatch units of ONGC/GAIL etc.

ii. The concerned District

Administration, Police Stations and Fire Brigades en-route and within vicinity of specified LPG tank truck routes.

iii. Others, viz., Sales personnel of

concerned area as may be required. Location specific availability of ERV

shall be mentioned in the Emergency Management Plan.

4.2 TREM CARD

TREM Card as per details shown in Annexure-II and Route Map shall be provided to the Tank Truck Crew

which should be referred in case of emergency.

4.2.1 As a precaution against any incident or emergency that may occur during carriage, the TT crew should also be supplied with instructions in writing as detailed in safety Instructions Booklet attached as Annexure-III.

4.3 INFORMATION ON INCIDENT

In the event of an incident, following steps should be taken :

4.3.1 In case the TT crew is in a position

to act, they should inform the nearest LPG Installation first otherwise contact the nearest Depot / Terminal of any oil company. The TT crew should also inform the nearest Police Post and Fire Brigade.

4.3.2 In case, phone facility is not

available in the vicinity, TT crew should send the message through any other means such as any other truck / TT or any volunteer to the nearest Bottling Plant, Retail Outlet, Oil Installation of any Oil Company, Police Post and Fire Brigade, (All Retail Outlets, Oil Installations, Fire Brigade & Police Station should be provided with telephone nos. of the nearest LPG Installation).

4.3.3 In case the message is received first

by Police Post or Fire Brigade or Depot / Installation of any Oil company, they should inform the nearest Bottling Plant of any company.

4.3.4 While conveying the information to

LPG Installation by TT Crew, Fire Brigade, Police Post, Depot / Installation as may be the case, the following information should be collected and relayed :

a) Location of incident, milestone no.,

Highway No., nearest village / town

and any other easily identifiable landmark.

b) Registration No. of TT, name of the

Transporter. c) Date and time of incident. d) TT empty or full and the quantity. e) Proceeding from/ on way to. f) Any casualty or injury. g) Any leakage or fire and its source. h) Position of TT after the incident on

road. i) Safety Precautions taken. j) Help required (tools & tackles, i.e.,

jacks etc., crane, transfer of product, towing of vehicle, fire tender, fire fighting equipment, ambulance etc).

However, to minimize the delay whatever information is readily available should be quickly relayed followed by detailed information as above.

Documentary proof of such intimation to Police Post / Fire Brigade / Retail Outlets should be retained. 4.4 INITIATION OF ACTION 4.4.1 IMMEDIATE COMMUNICATION

On receipt of information, the LPG Installation should convey information using quickest mode of communication such as phone, FAX, E-mail etc., to following agencies / persons:

a) Nearest Fire Station. b) Nearest Police Station or Police

headquarters. c) District Administration.

d) The Transporter (as per the directory of the Transporters’ address)

e) Zonal / Region and Head Office of

the owning Company of the product. f) Chief Controller of Explosives /

Zonal Controller of Explosives, as applicable.

g) Oil Industry Safety Directorate. In case a Depot / Installation is located near to the site of incident, the LPG Installation should inform such location for rendering immediate assistance, to the extent feasible. 4.4.2 RESCUE PLANNING

Simultaneously, the LPG Installation should organise rescue operations and invoke Contingency Plan as the situation demands. Following actions should be initiated:

a) After assessing the situation, a

rescue team consisting of requisite no. of officers and maintenance crew should be rushed to the site along with 2-3 empty depressurized Tank Trucks.

b) The rescue team should also carry

equipment as identified in Annexure- I.

c) Wherever Oil Industry has

positioned Emergency Responses Vehicle (ERV), the same should be requisitioned for carrying out rescue operations.

d) Oil Industry Sales Personnel of the

concerned area should also get associated with rescue team to provide assistance through local agencies on receipt of information.

4.5 SCENARIO AND EMERGENCY

HANDLING 4.5.1 SCENARIO

On reaching the site, the rescue team should assess the situation and liaise with the Plant Manager for any further help required from any agency. The Rescue team should classify the incident in the following category:

a) Resulting only in injury / fatality to

any other road user. b) Resulting in head-on collision, side

hit, dashing against any other fixed object, etc.

i) with no damage to bullet or any

fittings. ii) with damage to bullet or any

fittings resulting in LPG leak.

c) Resulting in tank truck falling off the road with damage to bullet, fittings with or without leakage and requiring evacuation of product.

d) Toppling of tank truck, rupture of

liquid line and LPG leak i) without fire, or ii) with fire.

e) Vapour cloud explosion / BLEVE

resulting in injuries, fatalities and damages to the surrounding areas.

The Rescue team should take utmost care in tackling the situation and should not take undue risk and should guide professional fire fighting people of the Fire Brigade/ Industry.

4.5.2 EMERGENCY HANDLING

The scenarios mentioned in para 4.5.1 call for following emergency actions :

(A) Incident resulting only in injury / fatality

LPG Installation need not depute the

Rescue team to the site of incident. However, if required, the LPG Installation should arrange to inspect the TT and advise whether the TT can proceed to its destination safely. The Plant will also decide whether any repair could be undertaken by the Transporter without emptying out the tank truck or whether tank truck needs to be evacuated / degassed which should be done at the LPG Installation.

Necessary help should be rendered to injured person/(s). (B) (i) Incident resulting in head-

on collision/ side hit, dashing against any other fixed object and no damage to bullet or any fitting.

Rescue team should proceed to the

incident site and initiate the following action:

a) Survey the vehicle and list out

the damages. b) Assess whether tank truck can

be towed to the nearest LPG Installation after initial repairs.

c) List out all precautions and

advise the driver / Police for the steps to be taken while towing the vehicle to the LPG Installation, if it can be towed.

d) Tank truck should be unloaded

at the LPG Installation immediately after reaching and shall be released only after it has been made gas free.

In case the mechanical condition of tank truck is not stable, it should be evacuated in line with the procedure stipulated in subsequent scenario B(ii). (B) (ii) Incident resulting in leakage.

The following steps should be taken: a) Warn people to stop all open

fire, lantern, to ensure no smoking within the surrounding area. Use of Cello-phones will not be permitted in the hazard area and also the TT crew will be prohibited to use any cell phone.

b) Stop traffic on both sides of the

Road. Divert the traffic from all the roads approaching the site.

c) Survey the vehicle, bullet, all

fittings & assess the extent of damage.

d) Assess whether the anchoring

of bullet to the chassis is damaged or intact and whether the bullet can be lifted with or without chassis.

e) Check possibility of stopping leak

by any of the following methods. Such operation shall be carried out by trained personnel with due care under close supervision of a competent person and shall be approached from the upwind direction. Also, all tools and equipment used for controlling the leak shall be spark proof.

i) Tightening of valve manifold

end connections through cap / flange / fittings.

. ii) Wetting the area of leakage

with wet cloth or gunny bag etc.

iii) Using wooden plug.

iv) Using M-Seal or a proper

epoxy-base cold-welding compound.

v) Plugging of safety-relief

valve through a leak-seal plug.

vi) Possibility of stopping / controlling the leakage should also be explored by pumping water into the TTs. In this case, adequate separation distance of the pump from the leaky TT shall be maintained. Further, a NRV shall be provided on water filling line on TT side with proper assessment of LPG vapour space inside the TT .

f) Possibility can also be explored

for stopping / controlling the leakage through transhipment of products. Transhipment of the product from affected TT to the de-pressurised TT can be done through any of the following alternatives with the procedural details given in para 4.5.2 – (C) (e).

i) Through an ERV by

pressure differential method with the help of the LPG compressor.

ii) The depressurised 2-3 TTs

brought at the site through a simple connection / flow.

iii) Connecting the affected TT

through a pressurised TT and connecting the depressurised TT for evacuation of the product.

iv) Pumping water into the

affected TT and connecting to the depressurised TT to evacuate product through vapour line.

g) In case leakage is profuse and

cannot be stopped, take the following actions :

i) Take precautionary measures

as follows with approach always from upwind side :

- If it is necessary and site condition makes it feasible,

depressurise the tank of remaining vapour through controlled discharge from vapour discharge valve after taking all precautions. If venting is inevitable, take following action before commencing the venting operation:

- Cordon off the surrounding

area.

- Divert vehicular traffic from the highway.

- Use water mist nozzles to

disperse vapour cloud

- Inform Railway authorities if the incident site is in the vicinity of railway tracks, to suspend all rail movement.

- Get the power supply to the

area cut off.

- Extinguish/ take care of all sources of ignition (viz. smoking, cooking, industrial furnaces, open fire etc.)

- Closely monitor the level of concentration of LPG vapours with the help of explosimeter outside the cordoned off area to eliminate any danger to public life & property.

ii) No person shall be allowed to

stay within the vapour cloud and within the vicinity in the wind direction.

iii) On arrival of the Fire Brigade,

the vapour cloud should be dispersed towards un-inhabited area using wide angle spray till the entire product has been vented out, if possible.

iv) Concentration of vapour shall be

checked using explosimeter. Only after all the vapours have cleared out from the leakage source, the movement of traffic

should be allowed.

h) The other actions, if required,

should be taken in consultation with experts in different fields.

(C) Incident resulting in tank truck

falling off the road with damage to bullet, fitting with or without leakage and requiring evacuation of the product.

· WITH NO LEAKAGE.

The following steps should be taken: a) Survey the vehicle, bullet, all fittings

& assess the extent of damage. b) Assess whether the anchoring of

bullet to the chassis is damaged or intact and whether the bullet can be lifted with or without chassis.

c) In case of filled tank truck, assess

whether liquid and vapour nozzles are accessible for making hose connection.

d) Assess whether crane(s) capable of

lifting the tank truck with load are available for putting the tank truck on wheels or tank truck can be dragged by monkey wrench to the road. If cranes of required capacity are not available, no attempt should be made for lifting the filled tank truck and tank truck should be emptied before putting it back on wheels.

e) If Tank Truck cannot be towed

safely to an LPG Installation, the product should be transshipped to another tank truck in the following manner and such operation shall be carried out by trained personnel with due care under close supervision of a competent person:

i) Make temporary earthing

connection with some electric pole or with iron rod driven in the earth upto sufficient depth. Also, effective bonding between

both the leaky and empty tank trucks need to be ensured.

ii) Connect depressurised tank

truck to the liquid line of the damaged TT.

iii) Slowly open the valves of incident

affected tank truck and the depressurised tank truck ensuring that Excess Flow Check Valves do not close.

iv) If the flow rate is not sufficient

which is to be observed by checking rotogauge, connect depressurised tank truck to the vapour nozzle of the incident affected tank truck.

v) After the flow rate slows down or

stops, connect another depressurised tank truck till such time the product to the maximum extent is transferred.

vi) Check the level of liquid in the

incident affected tank truck by rotogauge, vapour valve or differential skin temperature.

vii) All precautionary measures as

outlined in B (ii). g) needs to be taken.

· WITH LEAKAGE

The procedure as stated under B (ii)

is to be followed.

(D) Toppling of tank truck, rupture of liquid line and LPG truck engulfed in fire.

If the Rescue team / Fire Brigade

/ Police reaches the site of incident after start of fire, the following action should be taken:

a) To cool the tank trucks, specially the

area in contact with vapour and area around dish-end by the Fire tender. Nobody to be allowed to move by the side of either of the dish-ends of the tank truck(s).

b) All personnel from the surrounding area to be evacuated to safer places with the help of local administration.

c) To advise LPG Installation / District

Administration to rush water tanker to the site of incident.

d) To use narrow angle spray for

cooling the bullet and extinguishing fire if the source of leakage is small, otherwise, burning may be continued under controlled condition.

e) If the fire from overturned LPG tank lorry envelopes the bullet and if it is not possible to arrange water for sustained cooling, the entire surrounding area must be evacuated, much before water gets exhausted. Fire fighters should also be prepared to leave the site in such an event.

f) A control room should be set-up at

the site with the help of local administration for close liaison with all agencies.

g) Local Hospitals / Ambulances

should be alerted to be ready to provide medical aid to affected personnel, as the scenario may lead to an Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion (UVCE) / BLEVE resulting in loss of public life and property necessitating major rescue operation.

(E) Unconfined vapour cloud explosion / BLEVE resulting in injuries, fatalities and damages to the surrounding areas.

There could be possibility of a

situation when the incident affected tank truck might have released a large amount of LPG through the damaged fittings and / or liquid / vapour manifolds.

Since there is a large inventory of LPG in the bullet, LPG would continue to leak through these openings. In case of delayed ignition, the released LPG would form vapour cloud and disperse along the wind direction. The vapour cloud will increase in its size and dilution of the cloud will be occurring around the outer surface of the plume. Therefore, the vapour cloud may either explode when it comes in contact with the source of ignition or disperse safely. In case vapour cloud explodes there would be blast wave / shock wave propagation resulting in damage as a function of distance. Followed by explosion, there will be fire, which would travel back to the affected tank truck. Depending upon the nature of damage and type of release, the bullet may be subjected to flame impingement, which may subsequently lead to BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion)

Based on computer models to

analyse the dispersion characteristics for release of entire LPG from an 18 MT tank truck, it has been found that LPG vapour cloud could travel long distances depending upon the wind velocity (2-5 m/s) and extent of leakage and still remain within the flammable limits. In case of failure of 2” liquid loading line, the LPG vapour cloud could travel as much as 360 m upto which vapour will still exist within LEL. In contact with a source of ignition, the unconfined vapour cloud may explode resulting in fatalities and injuries, which could be expected upto a distance of about 320m. from the point of release.

In case of a BLEVE, involving the

bullet, the damages due to incident radiant fluxes resulting in fatalities and first-degree burn

could be expected upto a distance of about 190m. and 290m. respectively.

4.6 RELIEF / RESCUE OPERATIONS IN CASE OF UVCE / BLEVE The actions needed in such a

situation are as follows: 1. Arrange to provide first-aid

treatment as necessary with the help of local hospitals and voluntary agencies.

2. Take the injured persons to the

nearest Hospital / Nursing Homes with the help of local administration.

3. Extinguish remaining fires, if any,

and remove debris from the road to restore normal vehicular traffic with the help of Fire Brigade / Police personnel.

4. Take up with the local authorities

for providing basic amenities, e.g., water, electricity, food and shelter to the dislodged / affected people.

For tackling emergencies arising

out of various scenarios as detailed above, individual LPG Installation shall formulate specific Disaster Management Plan incorporating all the available resources with necessary contact numbers.

4.7 ROLE OF EXTERNAL AGENCIES It is expected that the following roles

should be performed by various agencies:

4.7.1 FIRE BRIGADE On receipt of information from any

source on incident of LPG tank truck, Fire Brigade should contact nearest LPG Installation and Police

Station. After assessing the situation, it should :

- Rush fire tender to the incident

site with all necessary fire fighting equipment.

- Prepare a Contingency Plan for

removal of tank truck, if not leaking, in consultation with LPG Installation personnel.

- Dispersal of vapours by water

spray away from inhabited area, in case of leakage.

- Extinguish the fire, in case leakage

source can be stopped. - Allow the fire to burn under

controlled conditions till the entire quantity is burnt out, in case the leakage source cannot be stopped.

- Save human lives and salvage

material from incident affected truck.

- Liaise with Fire Brigade in the

adjoining town for additional help, if necessary.

- Arrange water through Municipal

Water tanker or any other source.

4.7.2 ROLE OF POLICE On receipt of information, Police

should take the following actions : - Stop the traffic from both ends of

the road.

- Warn the people living in adjacent area for stopping all fire, smoking, evacuation to safe places, if necessary.

- Maintain Law and Order in the

area.

- Contact nearest District Police Headquarters and giving the situation report.

- Evacuate personnel from the

area, if required.

- Extend help in removal of injured personnel to the nearest first-aid centre / hospital, contacting highway patrol, completing legal formalities in case of any casualty.

4.7.3 DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION

On receipt of information, following actions should be taken : - To keep watch on the overall

situation.

- Rush ambulance to the incident site if casualties are reported.

- Direct cranes or any other such

equipment to carry out rescue operations.

- Issue warning messages to

people through public address system, if any evacuation is required.

- Arrange emergency vehicles for

evacuation purposes.

- Give direction to hospitals having burns injury ward for readiness to receive patient in case of incident involving fire.

- Provide basic amenities, e.g.,

water, electricity, food and shelter to the affected people as required.

4.8 RESOURCE IDENTIFICATION /

MOBILISATION Mobilisation of resources will

depend upon the scenario of disaster and all the locations are required to identify the resources based on the worst disaster.

The Chief Co-ordinator of the disaster would familiarise with all roads, routes, industries, First-aid agencies and all the available infrastructure in case of an eventuality.

4.8.1 RESOURCES The following resources should be

identified for the disaster management as listed in Annexure-I :

a) In-plant resources b) External resources

c) Communication resources

REFERENCES : 1. OISD STD – 144 : LPG Bottling

Plant Operations. 2. OISD STD – 144 : LPG Bottling

Plant Operations.

3. OISD RP – 157 : Recommended Practices for Transportation of Bulk Petroleum Products

4. OISD RP – 157 : Recommended

Practices for Transportation of Bulk Petroleum Products

5. OISD STD - 159 : LPG Tank

Trucks – Requirements of Safety on Design / Fabrication and Fittings.

6. OISD STD – 160 : Protection to

Fittings mounted on existing tank trucks.

7. OISD GDN – 165 : Guidelines for

Rescue & Relief Operations for POL Tank Truck Accident.

8. The SEPE Handbook of Fire

Protection Engineering, NFPA, 1998.

9. NFPA – 58 : Standard for the

Storage and Handling of Liquified Petroleum Gases – 1983.

* * * ANNEXURE - I

A. IN-PLANT RESOURCES Following items should be available at the Plant in adequate quantity / nos. Mechanical Equipment : 1. Gaskets (Carbon Asbestos Filled)

2. Studs & bolts. 3. Teflon tapes. 4. ½” / ¾” crowbar (1 m long) 5. Spade / blind flange 6. Rope (Manila / Jute) 7. Spark arrestors. 8. 1” tapered wooden pegs. 9. Chopper 10. Spare fan belt for tank lorry with P.T.O. unit 11. Wind sock 12. M-Seal / epoxy-base cold-welding compound. 13. Wooden slippers 14. Teflon-taped spanners, wrenches 15. Spark-proof wrenches, hammer and tools. 16. Barricading masts and ropes / tapes 17. LPG hoses 18. Chain pulley blocks and stay pipes 19. Small valve keys for operating valves in the tank truck Electrical Equipment : 1. Gas Explosi-meter 2. Flame-proof torches 3. Earthing wires (10 m long) with crocodile clips Personnel Protective Equipment : 1. Gloves: i) Rubber gloves ii) Low Temperature Gloves iii) Industrial gloves (with leather lining) iv) Canvas gloves 2. Face shields 3. Ear muff / ear plugs

Other Safety Items : 1. 1 roll of gunny / hessian cloth (about 10 mts. long) 2. First aid box (containing water gel compounds) 3. Soap 4. Blanket. 5. Water Gel Blanket 6. Breathing Apparatus (With spare filled cylinder and Canister gas masks) 7. Fire proximity suit

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Fire Fighting Equipment : 1. Portable DCP Fire Extinguishers 2. Fire-water Hoses 3. Triple Purpose diffuser nozzle for use with fire hoses. Communication Equipment : 1. Hand operated sirens 2. Whistles

3. Megaphone, Mobile Phones, VHF sets. Traffic Control Equipment : 1. Red lights (Battery operated) - for traffic diversion 2. Area maps 3. Diversion Boards B. EXTERNAL RESOURCES :

Particulars Name Address Ph. No. Any Other

Info. 1. Fire Station 2. Ambulance 3. Hospitals 4. Police Station 5. Drug Stores 6.District Administration / Collector

7. Availability of Cranes 8. Local PWD / CPWD water supplies, sand, morum, vehicles etc.

9. Local Army, Navy, Air Force authorities

10. Any major industry nearby

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C. IDENTIFICATION OF COMMUNICATION RESOURCES : Particulars Name Address Ph. No. Any Other

Info. 1. Public Address System 2. Retail Outlets

3. Railway Station 4. Power Houses 5. Civil Authorities 6. Voluntary Agencies 7. Local All India Radio / Doordarshan

ANNEXURE II TRANSPORT EMERGENCY CARD (ROAD) CARGO : LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) Nature of Hazard : Highly volatile and Inflammable. Can cause Cold Burns. Inhaling vapour can cause nausea, breathlessness & headache. Air / vapour mixture highly explosive. Leakage of LPG can cause Vapour Cloud explosion & BLEVE.

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