GCSE Technology and Design - Scribble ResourcesB. Mechanical and Pneumatic Control Systems; or C....

Syllabus Snapshot

GCSE Technology and Design

Exam Board: CCEA

CCEAGCSETechnologyandDesignfromSeptember2017

Version4:13October2017 6

2 Specification at a Glance ThetablebelowsummarisesthestructureofthisGCSEcourse.

Content

Assessment

Weightings

Availability

Unit1:

Technologyand

DesignCore

Content

Externalwrittenexamination1hour30minsStudentsanswer10questionsfromacoreareaofstudy.

25% Summerfrom2018

Unit2:

OptionalAreasof

Study

Oneofthreeoptionalwrittenexaminations1hour30minsStudentschooseoneofthreeoptions:

A. ElectronicandMicroelectronicControlSystems;or

B. MechanicalandPneumaticControlSystems;or

C. ProductDesign.StudentsshouldselecttheoptionthatreflectstheareaofTechnologyandDesigntheyhavestudied.

25% Summerfrom2019

Unit3:

Designand

Manufacturing

Project

ControlledassessmentStudentscompleteadesignprojectcomprisingadesignportfolioandanassociatedmanufacturingtask.Teachersmarkthedesignproject,andwevisitcentrestocarryoutmoderation.

50% Summerfrom2019

Studentsmusttakeatleast40percentoftheassessment(basedonunitweightings)attheendofthecourseasterminalassessment.



3 Subject Content Wehavedividedthiscourseintothreeunits.Thecontentofeachunitandtherespectivelearningoutcomesappearbelow.StudentsmustcompleteUnit1:TechnologyandDesignCoreContentandUnit3:DesignandManufacturingProject.StudentsmustalsocompleteoneofthethreeoptionsfromUnit2:OptionalAreasofStudy.StudentsstudyingthisGCSETechnologyandDesignSpecificationshouldbefamiliarwiththesymbolsspecifiedinAppendix3.3.1 Unit 1: Technology and Design Core Content Thisunitiscompulsory.Itcomprisesdesigning,manufacturing,electroniccontrolsystems,mechanicalcontrolsystems,pneumaticsystemsandcontrol,andcomputercontrolsystems.Designing

Content

LearningOutcomes

1.1

Designand

communication

Studentsshouldbeableto:

• demonstrateunderstandingthatthedesignprocessmaycontainsomeorallofthefollowing:- designopportunity;- research;- brief;- specification;- ideagenerationanddevelopment;- manufacture;and- testingandevaluation;

• applythedesignprocess;

• discussandanalysethedesignprocess;

• analyseproductstounderstandtherelevanceofergonomicsandaestheticstoproductdesign;

• demonstrateunderstandingthatthedesignprocessisnon-linear;and

• analyseandusethefollowingmethodsofcommunication:- freehandsketching;- presentationaldrawings;- workingdrawings;- moodboards;- physicalmock-ups/models;and- computer-aideddesign(CAD)virtualmodelling.



Manufacturing

Content

LearningOutcomes

1.2

Materialsand

theirgeneral

physical,

aestheticand

structural

characteristics


• demonstrateunderstandingofthemainpropertiesandapplicationsofthefollowingplastics:- thermosettingplastics(melamine,polyesterresin,epoxyresinandureaformaldehyde);and

- thermoplastics(acrylic,polyvinylchloride(PVC),acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene(ABS),nylonandrigidpolystyrene);

• demonstrateunderstandingofthemainpropertiesand

applicationsofthefollowingwoods:- hardwoods(mahogany,beechandoak);- softwoods(pineandcedar);and- manufacturedboards(plywood,mediumdensityfibreboard(MDF),chipboardandveneeredmanufacturedboards);

• demonstrateunderstandingofthemainpropertiesandapplicationsofthefollowingmetals:- ferrousmetalsandalloys(mildsteel,carbonsteelsandstainlesssteel);and

- non-ferrousmetalsandalloys(aluminium,brassandcopper);

• demonstrateunderstandingoftheuseofalloyingtoproducedifferentpropertiesandworkingcharacteristics;

• demonstrateawarenessofgrapheneandprovidesome

examplesofitspropertiesanditspotentialuse;and• demonstrateunderstandingofthefollowingheat

treatments:- annealing;- normalising;- hardening;and- tempering.



Content

LearningOutcomes

1.3

Toolsand

processes


• demonstrateunderstandingofthemainfeaturesandapplicationsofthefollowingtoolsandprocesses:- deforming(vacuumforming,linebendingandmetalfolding);

• useanddemonstrateunderstandingofthemainfeaturesandapplicationsofthefollowing:- saws(tenonsaw,copingsaw,scrollandhacksaw);- drills(pillardrill,cordlessdrillandhanddrill);- drillbits(flatbit,forstnerbit,countersunkbitandholecutter);

- hammers(claw,pinandballpein);- handplane;- woodchisel;- toolsformarkingout(pencil,steelrule,engineer’ssquare,slidingbevel,odd-legcallipers,trysquare,scriber,centrepunch,springdividers,markingknife,bradawlandengineer’smarkersblue);

- files(flat,roundandhalf-roundprofile);- bandfacer/linisher;- pedestalpolisher;- millingmachine;and- lathe(woodandmetal);

• demonstrateunderstandingofaccuracyandtolerance

whenusingtoolsandprocesses;and

1.4

Appropriate

methodsof

joining

• demonstrateunderstandingofthemainfeaturesandapplicationsofthefollowingpermanentjoiningmethods:- softsoldering,brazingandwelding;- woodadhesives;- woodjoints(butt,mitre,dowelandhousing);- riveting,includingpopriveting;and- joiningtechniquesforplastics.



Content

LearningOutcomes

1.4

Appropriate

methodsof

joining(cont.)


• demonstrateunderstandingofthemainfeaturesandapplicationsofthefollowingsemi-permanentjoiningmethods:- nuts,washersandbolts;- machinescrews;- self-tappingscrews;- woodscrews(countersunkandround-head);and- knock-downfittings;

1.5

Production

methods

• demonstrateunderstandingofthewasting,fabricationandjoiningof:- metals;- plastics;and- woods;

1.6

Moulds,jigsand

fixtures

• demonstrateunderstandingofthemainfeaturesandapplicationsofthefollowingitemsusedinthemanufacturingprocess:- moulds;- templates;- jigs;and- fixtures;

1.7

Finishing

techniques

• demonstrateunderstandingofhowtopreparemetal,woodandplasticpriortoapplyingasuitablefinish;

• demonstrateunderstandingofthemainreasonsfor

applyingasuitablefinishtothefollowing,takingaccountoffunction,aestheticsandenvironment:- metals(painting,polishing,dipcoatingandgalvanising);- woods(painting,varnishingandapplyingpreservativestains);and

- plastics(polishing);and

1.8

Smartmaterials

• demonstrateunderstandingofsmartmaterials,withspecificreferencetothermochromicpigmentsandself-cleaningglass.



Content

LearningOutcomes

1.9

Healthandsafety


• identifyandunderstandthecommonhealthandsafetysymbolsinAppendix3andtheuseofappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipment;

• identifyandunderstandpotentialhazardsinproducts,activitiesandenvironments;

1.10

CADandCAM

• demonstrateunderstandingofthemainadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusingCADandcomputer-aidedmanufacture(CAM);and

• demonstrateunderstandingandapplicationoftheprocess

ofCADandCAM.

Electronic control systems

Content

LearningOutcomes

1.11

Construction

techniques


• identifythetools,equipmentandprocessrequiredtoproduceaprintedcircuitboard(PCB)whenusingcomputernumericcontrol(CNC)orchemicalproduction;

• designandanalyseelectroniccircuitsanddemonstrate

understandingofthereasonsforusingPCBs;

1.12

Input–process–

output

• analyseanddescribeelectronicsystemswithreferencetoinput–process–output;

• giveexamplesofelectroniccontrolsystems;and

1.13

Unitsand

measurements

• applyanddemonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingoftheunitsweusetomeasure:- current(ampsandmilliamps);- voltage(voltsandmillivolts);and- resistance(ohms,kilohmsandmega-ohms).



Content

LearningOutcomes

1.13

Unitsand

measurements

(cont.)


• applyanunderstandingofelectricalunitstomeasurevoltage,currentandresistance;

• performcalculationsbasedonOhm’slawusing:V=I×R;

1.14

Electrical

components

• identifythecomponentsbelowbytheircircuitsymbolsandphysicalappearance:- batteries(singlecellandmulti-cell);- resistors;- variableresistors;- lightdependentresistors(LDRs);- thermistors(limitedtonegativetemperature);- diodes;- thyristors;- transistors(NPN);- buzzers;- light-emittingdiodes(LEDs);- bulbs;- motors;and- potentiometer;

• identifythecircuitsymbolsforearthandacsupply;• identifythecircuitsymbolsforavoltmeterandan

ammeter;• selectappropriatecomponentstomeettherequirements

ofacircuitdiagram;

• drawcircuitsymbolsanddemonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingofthecomponents;

1.15

Electronic

conductorsand

insulators

• demonstrateknowledgeandapplicationsoftheuseofconductors,semi-conductorsandinsulators;and

• identifyandgiveexamplesofmaterialsthatare

conductors,semi-conductorsandinsulators.



Content

LearningOutcomes

1.16

Resistors


• demonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingofthetermresistanceandtheuseofresistorsinelectroniccircuits;

• usethecolourcodingsystemtoidentifyvaluesand

tolerancelevelsofindividualresistors–tolerancelevelslimitedto5%and10%;

• calculatetheresistanceoftwoormoreresistorsinseries,

using:Rt=R1+R2+…+Rn;

1.17

Switches

• identifythefollowingswitchesbytheircircuitsymbolsandphysicalappearance:- reed;- push-to-makeswitch(PTM);- singlepole,singlethrow(SPST);and- singlepole,doublethrow(SPDT);

• identifythefollowingswitchesbytheirphysicalappearance:- toggle;- microswitch;- rocker;- membrane;and- slide;

• drawtheabovesymbolsanddemonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingoftheswitches;

• selectappropriateswitchestomeettherequirementsofacircuitdiagram;

• demonstrateunderstandingoftheactionoftheseswitchesbyrecognisingandselectingaccordingtotheirapplication;

1.18

Potentialdividers

• demonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingofhowapotential/voltagedividerisusedtocontrolvoltageinacircuit(nocalculationrequired);and

• drawandinterpretcircuitdiagramscontaining

apotential/voltagedivider.



Content

LearningOutcomes

1.19

LEDs


• useLEDsincircuits;• demonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingoftheuseof

current-limitingresistorstoprotectLEDs(nocalculationrequired);

1.20

Thyristors

• outlinethefunctionandapplicationofthyristorsincircuits;

• identifythegate,anodeandcathodefromacircuit

diagramorsymbol;

1.21

Transistors

• outlinethefunctionandapplicationofanNPNtransistorasaswitch;

• identifythebase,emitterandcollectorfromacircuit

diagramorsymbol;and

1.22

Safety

• recognisepotentialhazardswhenproducingelectroniccircuitswithbreadboardsandPCBs.

Mechanical control systems

Content

LearningOutcomes

1.23

Construction

techniques


• designandanalysemechanicalsystems(whichcanusekits,workingand/orvirtualmodels,andproductsthatuseresistantmaterialsanddiscretecomponents);

• demonstrateawarenessoftheadvantagesand

disadvantagesofeachoftheaboveconstructionmethods;

1.24

Input–process–

output

• describeandanalysemechanismswithreferencetoinput–process–output;and

• identifyandgiveexamplesofmechanicalcontrol

applications.



Content

LearningOutcomes

1.25

Typesofmotion


• recogniseandanalyseexamplesofthefollowingtypesofmotion:- rotary;- linear;- oscillating;and- reciprocating;

1.26

Mechanical

components

• identifythefollowingcomponentsbytheircircuitsymbolsandphysicalappearance:- wheelandaxle;- gears;- cams;- followers;- levers;- belts;- pulleys;and- shafts;

• drawtheabovesymbolsanddemonstrateknowledgeand

understandingofthecomponents;

• selectappropriatecomponentstomeettherequirementsofmechanicalsystems;

• evaluatethemechanicalcomponentslistedwhentheyare

usedinmechanicalsystems;

1.27

Levers

• applyknowledgeandunderstandingofthefollowing:- load;- effort;and- fulcrum;

• drawandinterpretdiagramsoffirst,secondandthird

classlevers;and• recogniseandgiveexamplesforeachofthethreeclasses

oflever.



Content

LearningOutcomes

1.28

Power

transmission


• demonstrateunderstandingofthemainfeaturesandapplicationsofthefollowing:- simplegeartrains(maximumthreegears);- toothed,roundandV-beltsystems;- chainandsprocket;and- idlergears;

• demonstrateunderstandingofhowgearsystemscanbeusedtochangespeedand/ordirectionofrotation;

• performcalculationsincludingsimplegeartrainsand

simplebeltdrives;

• calculatesimplegearratios(limitedtothreegears)using:

1.29

Camsand

followers

• applyknowledgeandunderstandingofthefollowingtypesofcamsandfollowers:- eccentric;- pear;- heart;- knife;- roller;and- flat;and

1.30

Safety

• recognisepotentialhazardswhenbuildingandusingmechanicalcontrolsystems.



Pneumatic systems and control

Content

LearningOutcomes

1.31

Input–process–

output


• describeandanalysepneumaticsystemsandcontrolwithreferencetoinput–process–output;

• identifyandgiveexamplesofpneumaticcontrolsystems

applications;

1.32

Cylinders

• identifyasingleactingcylinder(SAC)byitsphysicalappearanceandcircuitsymbol;

• sketchtheSACandinsertitinacircuitdiagram;• useSACs(limitedtotwoinanysystem);• demonstrateunderstandingofthetermsinstrokeand

outstroke;• analysecircuitdiagramsthatuseSACs(limitedtotwoin

anysystem);

1.33

Valves

• identifythefollowingbytheircircuitsymbols:- exhaust;and- pressuresource;

• identifya3/2valvebyitsphysicalappearanceandcircuitsymbol;

• sketchthesymbolfora3/2valve;• explainthefunctionofa3/2valveinacircuitdiagram;• identifythefollowingtypesofactuatorsymbolfora3/2

valve:- rollertrip;- pushbutton;- plunger;and- lever;and

• selectanappropriatemethodofoperationofa3/2valve

inacircuitdiagram.



Content

LearningOutcomes

1.34

Logicand

AND/OR


• identifyashuttlevalveinanORcircuit;• sketchthesymbolforashuttlevalve;• explaintheuseofashuttlevalve;• connecttwo3/2valveswithasingleactingcylinderto

createanANDoranORcircuit;

1.35

Speedcontrol

• identifyaunidirectionalflowregulatorinacircuit;• useaunidirectionalflowregulatortoincorporatespeed

controlintoasystem;• describehowaflowregulatorisusedforspeedcontrol;

1.36

Construction

• design,drawandconstructpneumaticsystemsusingdiscretecomponents;

• analysepneumaticcircuitsandsystems;and

1.37

Safety

• recognisethepotentialhazardswhendesigning,drawingandconstructingpneumaticcontrolsystemsusingdiscretecomponents.



Computer control systems

Content

LearningOutcomes

1.38

Input–process–

output


• describeandanalysecomputercontrolsystemswithreferencetoinput–process–output;

• identifyandgiveexamplesofcomputercontrolapplications;

1.39

Flowcharts

• demonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingoftheuseofflowcharts;and

• drawandnameflowchartdiagramstodescribe

asequenceofevents,usingthesymbolsfor:- START/STOP;- OUTPUT;- DECISION;- WAIT;and- feedbackloops.

(Onlygenericflowchartsshouldbeproduced.OnlytheflowchartsymbolsthatappearinAppendix3shouldbeused.)



3.2 Unit 2: Optional Areas of Study Studentsmustselectoneofthefollowingthreeoptions:

• OptionA:ElectronicandMicroelectronicControlSystems;or• OptionB:MechanicalandPneumaticControlSystems;or• OptionC:ProductDesign.ThisunitincludessynopticassessmentbuildingonthecontentofUnit1.Thisencouragesstudentstodeveloptheirunderstandingofthesubjectasawhole.Option A: Electronic and Microelectronic Control Systems

Content

LearningOutcomes

2.1

Systemsand

control


• demonstrateunderstandingofinput,processandoutputandtheimportanceoffeedbackincontrolsystems;

2.2

Electronic

conceptsand

Ohm’slaw

• identifypolarisedandnon-polarisedcapacitorsbytheircircuitsymbols;

• showthattheyunderstandandcanexplaintheuseofpolarisedandnon-polarisedcapacitors;

• selectappropriatecapacitorstosuitapplications;

• applyanddemonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingof

theunitsusedtomeasurecapacitance:- farads;- microfarads;- nanofarads;and- picofarads;

• demonstrateunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweencurrent,voltageandresistance;

• performcalculationsbasedonOhm’slawusing:V=I×R;

2.3

Printedcircuit

boards

• designaprintedcircuitboard(PCB)fromacircuitdiagrambyplacingcomponents,tracksandpadsappropriately;and

• amenddesignstoreflectchangesincircuitdiagrams,toimproveonexistingdesignsortocorrecterrors.



Content

LearningOutcomes

2.4

Useamultimeter


• demonstratehowtoconnectagenericdigitalmultimetertomeasurevoltage,currentandresistance;

• calculatetheexpectedvaluesforagenericdigitalmultimeterconnectedinacircuit;

2.5

Resistors

• explainthemeaningofthetermresistance;• drawandinterpretcircuitdiagramscontainingresistors;• drawandinterpretcircuitdiagramscontainingresistorsin

series;• drawandinterpretcircuitdiagramscontainingresistorsin

parallel;• usegivendataandinformationtocalculatetheresistance

oftworesistorsinparallel,using:

21t R1

R1

R1

+= or Rt=R1×R2

(R1+R2)

• comparetheE12andE24seriesofpreferredvalues;• determinethenearestpreferredvalueofaresistorusing

theE12andE24series;• demonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingoftolerance

andperformrelevantcalculations(tolerancelimitedto5%and10%);

• showthattheyunderstandandcanexplaintheuseof

current-limitingresistorstoprotectlight-emittingdiodes(LEDs);and

• calculatevaluesofcurrent-limitingresistors.



Content

LearningOutcomes

2.6

Thyristors


• explaintheuseofathyristorasalatchingswitch;• drawandinterpretcircuitdiagramscontainingthyristors

inswitchingcircuits;• explaintheoperationofcircuitscontainingelectronic

componentsincludingthyristors;

2.7

TheNPN

transistor

• demonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingthataswitchonvoltageforanidealtransistoris0.6Vatitsbase(weaccept0.6V V 0.8V);

• drawandinterpretcircuitdiagramscontainingtransistors

inswitchingcircuits;• explaintheoperationofcircuitscontainingelectronic

componentsincludingtransistors;

2.8

Inputs

• demonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingofthedifferencebetweenanalogueanddigitalsignals;

• drawandinterpretanalogueanddigitalvoltage/timegraphs;

• demonstrateunderstandingofthepropertiesofthefollowinganalogueinputdevices:- lightdependentresistors(LDRs);- thermistors(limitedtonegativetemperaturecoefficient);- moisturesensors;and- variableresistors;and

• drawandinterpretcircuitdiagramscontainingtheabove

analogueinputdevices.



Content

LearningOutcomes

2.8

Inputs(cont.)


• demonstrateunderstandingoftheuseofthefollowingswitches:- reed;- push-to-makeswitch(PTM);- singlepole,singlethrow(SPST);- singlepole,doublethrow(SPDT);- toggle;- microswitch;- rocker;- membrane;and- slide;


switches;

2.9

Outputs

• demonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingoftheuseofthefollowingoutputdevicesincircuits:- motors;- solenoids;- bulbs;- buzzers;- relays;- LEDs;and- 7-segmentdisplays;


outputdevices;

2.10

Potentialdividers

• demonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingoftheuseofvariableresistorstoadjustsensitivityinapotential/voltagedivider;

• performcalculationsusing:

Vout=R2

(R1+R2)´Vin

• drawandinterpretcircuitdiagramscontaining

apotential/voltagedivider.



Content

LearningOutcomes

2.11

Semiconductor

diodes


• demonstrateunderstandingandexplainthatanidealdiodeconductswhenavoltageof0.6Visappliedintheforward-biaseddirection(weaccept0.6V V 0.8V);

• drawandinterpretcircuitdiagramscontainingdiodes;

• showthattheyunderstandandcanexplaintheuseofareverse-biaseddiodeinparallelwithaninductiveloadinarelaycoil,solenoidormotorinordertoprotectagainstbackelectromotiveforce(emf);

2.12

Relays

• showthattheyunderstandandcanexplaintheuseofarelayasanelectricallyoperatedswitch(SPSTrelay);

• drawandinterpretcircuitdiagramsinwhicharelayisusedforswitchingsecondarycircuits,forexampletousewithmotorsandsolenoids;

2.13

Integrated

circuits

• showthattheyunderstandandcanexplaintheuseofdual-in-line(DIL)integratedcircuitsandidentifypinone;

2.14

Timers

• demonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingofthefunctionanduseofa555timerintegratedcircuittoprovideastableandmonostableoutputs;

• interpretoutputwaveformsfor555astableandmonostablecircuits;


Period T=1f

• performcalculationsfortheoutputofanastablecircuit

usinga555timer,using:

Frequency(Hz) f=1.44

R1+2R2 C

• performcalculationsfortheoutputofamonostablecircuitusinga555timer,using:

Time T=1.1×C×R



Content

LearningOutcomes

2.15

Timeconstant


• showthattheyknow,understandandcanexplaintherelationshipbetweencapacitanceandresistanceinrelationtotime,whenselectingcomponentsfortimers;


TimeConstant T=R×C

2.16

Digitalsignalsand

counting

• demonstrateandunderstandthat1representsa‘high’voltageleveland0a‘low’voltagelevel;

• demonstrateanunderstandingofbinaryanduseitincounting;

• convertdecimalnumbersintherange0to255intobinary

andviceversa;

2.17

Flowcharts

• drawflowchartdiagramswhichinclude:- count;- compare;- macro;- domacro;- end;- increments;- decrements;and- expression;

• analyseagivenproductscenarioandproducethe

appropriateflowchart;and• analyseagivenflowchart.




Content

LearningOutcomes

2.18

Microcontrollers

(PICs)


• showthattheyunderstandandcanexplaintheuseofmicrocontrollers(programmableinterfacecontrollers(PICs))withincontrol;

• identifyaPICbyitscircuitsymbol;• discusstheuseofPICsinroboticcontrol;• drawandexplainflowchartstoimplementcontrol

situationsusingaPIC;• usebitpatternsinflowchartstoshowthestatesofinput

andoutputdevices;• designandinterpretcircuitswhichincorporateaPICwith

digitalinputsanddigitaloutputs;• demonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingoftheneed

foramplificationinordertodrivesomeoutputdevicesfromaPIC;


2.19

Robotics

• giveexamplesofwhererobotsareusedinsociety;• describeandanalysethereasonsforusingrobotstoassist

humans;and

• identifyandexplainthebasiccontrolsystemsusedtoproduceroboticmovement.



Option B: Mechanical and Pneumatic Control Systems

Content

LearningOutcomes

2.20

Systems

andcontrol


• demonstrateunderstandingoftheimportanceoffeedbackincontrollingsystems;

2.21

Mechanical

products

• identifymechanicalcomponentswithinmechanicalproductsandsystems;

• demonstrateunderstandingofthefactorsinfluencingthechoiceofcomponents;

• designmechanicalsystemstoachieveadesiredoutcome,justifyingtheirchoiceofcomponents;

• interpretsketches,diagramsandphotographsofmechanicalproductsandcomponents;

2.22

Generalconcepts

• explainandapplythefollowingterms/concepts:- load;- effort;- fulcrum;- mechanicaladvantage;- velocityratio;and- efficiency;

• interpretsketches,diagramsandphotographsofmechanicalsystemsthatcontaintheaboveterms/concepts;

• performcalculationsinvolvingtheaboveterms/concepts;and

• explainandperformcalculationsusing:

Efficiency(%)= mechanicaladvantage

velocityratio´100

Mechanicaladvantage=load

effort

Velocityratio=distancemovedbyeffort

distancemovedbyload



Content

LearningOutcomes

2.23

Transmissionof

motionusing

gears


• identifyandapplythefollowingtypesofgearsinmechanicalsystems:- spur;- bevel;- wormandwormwheel;and- rackandpinion;

• recognisethefollowingbytheirsymbols:- wormandwormwheel;- jockeypulley;- meshedgear;- bevelgear;- threadedbar;- rackandpinion;and- snailcam;

• selecttheappropriategearsystemsforpracticalapplications,justifyingtheirchoice;

• recogniseacompoundgeartrainbyitssymbol;

• explainsimpleandcompoundgeartrains(limitedtofour

gears);

• explainandperformcalculationsinvolvingsimpleandcompoundgeartransmissions(usingamaximumoffourgears)for:- velocityratio;- gearratio;and- transmissionspeeds;

• showthattheyunderstandandcanexplaintheuseofanidlergearinamechanicalsystem;and

2.24

Pulleysystems

• showthattheyunderstandandcanexplaintheuseofpulleysystemsinliftingsystems(limitedtothreepulleys).



Content

LearningOutcomes

2.25

Other

transmission

systems


• showthattheyunderstandandcanexplainthefactorsinfluencingthechoiceof:- flatbelts;- toothedbelts;and- sprocketsandchainsinmechanicalsystems;

• explainhowthebeltslistedcanbetensioned;• explaintheuseofjockeypulleys;

2.26

Conversionof

motion

• sketch,describeandcomparesimplecamsandcommonfollowers(limitedtoknife,rollerandflat);

• showthattheyunderstandandcanexplaintheconversion

ofrotarymotiontoreciprocatingmotion,usingthefollowingcams:- eccentric;- pear;- heart;and- snail;

• showthattheyunderstandandcanexplaintheconversion

ofrotarymotiontoreciprocatingmotionandviceversa,usingthefollowingmechanisms:- crankandslider;and- rackandpinion;

• showthattheyunderstandandcanexplaintheuseof

screwthreadstotransmitmotion;• showthattheyunderstandandcanexplaintheuseof

ratchetandpawlmechanisms;and• interpretdiagramsassociatedwiththeabove

mechanisms.



Content

LearningOutcomes

2.27

Leversand

linkages


• completecalculationsinvolvingmomentsofforces;• showthattheyunderstandandcanexplaintheuseofbell

crankleversandparallellinkagesinmechanicalproducts;• interpretdiagramsassociatedwithleversandlinkages;

2.28

Pneumatic

products

• identifypneumaticcomponentswithinpneumaticproductsandsystemsandshowunderstandingofthefactorsinfluencingthechoiceofcomponents;

• designpneumaticsystemstoachieveadesiredoutcome,

justifyingtheirchoiceofcomponents;• interpretsketches,diagramsandphotographsof

pneumaticproductsandcomponents;

2.29

Pneumatic

principles

• demonstrateunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweentheforceofapistoninacylinder,itsborediameterandairpressure:

Force(N)=pressure×area(F=P×A)

wherepressureismeasuredinN/mm2(0.1N/mm2=1bar)andareaismeasuredinmm2;

• performcalculationsusingtheaboverelationship;• understandandcalculatethecross-sectionalarea(CSA)of

acylinder;

2.30

Cylinders

• identifyadoubleactingcylinderbyitsphysicalappearanceandcircuitsymbol;

• demonstratefamiliaritywiththeuseofdoubleacting

cylinders(limitedtotwopersystem);and

• designandinterpretpneumaticcircuitdiagramswhichusedoubleactingcylinders.



Content

LearningOutcomes

2.31

Bidirectionaland

unidirectional

flowcontrol

valves


• designandinterpretpneumaticcircuitdiagramsthatmakeuseofthefollowingflowcontrolvalves:- unidirectional(one-wayrestrictorvalve);and- bidirectional(two-wayrestrictorvalve);

2.32

Valvesand

actuators

• designandinterpretpneumaticcircuitdiagramsthatmakeuseofa3/2valveand/ora5/2valvetoproducecontrolledmotionforsemi-automaticandautomaticcircuitswiththefollowingactuators:- lever;- pushbutton;- rollertrip;- plunger;and- pilot;

• explain,recogniseandusetheabovecomponentsin

pneumaticcircuits;

2.33

Timedelay

• showthattheyunderstandandcanexplaintheuseofareservoirandflowregulatortocreateatimedelay;

• interpretpneumaticcircuitdiagramsthatincorporatetime

delays;• sketchandincorporatetimedelaysintopneumaticcircuit

diagrams;

2.34

Automatic

reciprocation

• designandinterpretpneumaticcircuitswithpositionalfeedbacktoactivateapilotairoperated5/2valve,controllingtwodoubleactingcylinders(DAC)incorporatingspeedcontrol;

2.35

Robotics

• giveexamplesofwhererobotsareusedinsociety;

• describeandanalysethereasonsforusingrobotstoassisthumans;and

• identifyandexplainthebasiccontrolsystemsusedtoproduceroboticmovement.



Option C: Product Design Designandinnovation

Content

LearningOutcomes

2.36

Designprocess


• demonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingofkeyaspectsofthedesignprocess;

• analysekeyaspectsofthedesignprocess;

2.37

Rolesofthe

client,user,

designerand

maker

• analysethemainrolesoftheclient,user,designerandmakerandhowtheyinteractin:- commissioning;- design;- manufacture;and- evaluationofaproduct;

2.38

Productanalysis,

ideasgeneration

anddevelopment

• generateinitialideasthrough:- disassemblyofexistingproducts;- thoughtshowers;- userexperienceand/ortrips;- initialroughsketches(conceptsketches);- computer-aideddesign(CAD)modelling;- physicalmock-ups/models;and- initialprototypes;

• discussandanalysetheabovetechniques;

• developinnovativeconcepts;• analysewhetheraproductisfitforpurpose;• evaluateaproductagainstdetailedspecificationcriteria;

and• improvecurrentsolutionsbyaprocessofdevelopment

andmodification.



Content

LearningOutcomes

2.39

Communication

techniques


• consideranddiscussthebenefitsofaCADpackage;

• analyseandusethefollowingvisualfeaturesinproductdesign:- line,shapeandform;- texture;- colour;and- proportion;

2.40

Ergonomicsand

anthropometrics

• demonstrateunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenpeopleandproducts;

• considerergonomicswhendesigning;

• analysehowproductdesignisinfluencedbythe

relationshipbetweenproductanduser;• consideranthropometricswhendesigning;

• analysehowproductdesignisaffectedandinfluencedby

anthropometricdata;

2.41

Formand

function

• applyanddiscusstheissuesassociatedwithformversusfunctioninproductdesignwhen:- formfollowsfunction(isfunctionalitytheprimarydriverinthedesignsolution?);and

- functionfollowsform(areaestheticstheprimarydriverinthedesignsolution?);and

2.42

Designers

• analysetheworkofthefollowingdesigners:- EdwardBarberandJayOsgerby;- PhilippeStarck;and- BethanGray.



Manufacturingpractices

Content

LearningOutcomes

2.43

Scaleof

productionand

commercial

viability


• compareanddiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesassociatedwiththefollowingtypesofproduction:- one-off/jobbing;- batch;- mass;and- continuous;

• discussthemainfeatures,advantagesanddisadvantagesofthefollowinginthemanufacturingprocess:- in-lineassembly;- flexiblemanufacturingsystems;and- just-in-timemanufacture;

• discussthemainfeatures,advantagesanddisadvantagesofthefollowing:- standardisedcomponents;- assemblies;- bought-incomponents;and- sub-contracting;

• understandanddiscussthemaincharacteristicsofqualityassuranceandqualitycontrol;

• discusstheuseandvalueofsampletestingandtolerances;

2.44

Planningfor

production

• drawandanalyseaGanttchart;

• calculatedirectcosts(labourandmaterialscosts);

• understand,interpretandbeabletousefractions,decimalsandpercentages;

• understand,interpretandbeabletousedatatables,chartsandgraphs;

• calculateoverheadcosts(whengivenasasetpercentageoflabourcosts);and

• calculatetotalmanufacturingcosts(directcostsplusoverheadcosts).



Content

LearningOutcomes

2.45

Manufacturing

processes


• demonstrateanddescribethemainfeaturesandapplicationsofthefollowing:- reforming(injectionmoulding,diecastingandextrusion);and

- deforming(blowmoulding,laminatingandpress/compressionmoulding);

• outlineandexplaintheuseandapplicationofthe

following:- circularsaw;- bandsaw;- jigsaw;- sander;and- planer;

2.46

Computerised

manufacture

• outlineandexplaintheuseandapplicationofthefollowing:- computernumericalcontrol(CNC)routers;- millingmachines;- lathes;- lasercutters;and- 3Dprinters;

• discussthemainbenefitsofCADandcomputer-aidedmanufacture(CAM)intheproductionprocess;

• applyCADandCAMinproductmanufacture;

• giveexamplesofwhererobotsareusedinsociety;and

• describeandanalysethereasonsforusingrobotstoassist

humans.



Materials,componentsandfabrication

Content

LearningOutcomes

2.47

Selectionof

materials


• selectanddiscussmaterialsandsurfacefinishesonthebasisofaproduct’s:- intendeduse;and- properties;

• identifyanddemonstrateawarenessofcommonly

availableshapesandcrosssections:- sheet;- bar;- tube;- angle;- U-shapedchannel;and- I-shapedsections;

• calculatearea,includingcross-sectionalarea,foragiven

material;

2.48

Wood,metaland

plastic

• givereasonsfortheselectionanduseofthemostappropriatematerials(wood,metalorplastic)foragivenproduct;

2.49

Joiningmaterials

• demonstrateunderstandingofthemainfeaturesandapplicationsofthefollowingpermanentwoodjoints:- comb;- biscuit;- dovetail;- morticeandtenon;and- lap;

• identifyanddescribethejoiningprocessesfor:- wood;- metal;and- plastics;and

• usethemostappropriatejoiningprocessesinthedesign,

manufactureandfabricationofaproduct.



Content

LearningOutcomes

2.50

Smartmaterials

andcomposites


• discussthereasonsforusingthefollowinginproductdesigns:- smartmaterials(shapememoryalloy(nithinol)andpolymorph);and

- composites(glassreinforcedplastics(GRP)andcarbonfibre).

Marketinfluences

Content

LearningOutcomes

2.51

Marketing


• discussthedifferencebetweenneedsandwantsinrelationtoaproduct;

• discussandanalyseneworimprovedproducts,

considering:- growthinconsumerdemand(market/demandpull);and- advancesintechnologywhichstimulatenewdesign(technologypush);

• analyseanddrawconclusionsofmarketresearchfromthe

followingdatasources:- interviews;- surveys;- questionnaires;and- theinternet;

• discussthelifecycleofaproductandidentifyfeatures

associatedwitheachofthefollowing:- inception;- introduction;- growth;- maturity;and- decline;and

• analysethelifecyclecurveofaproduct.



Content

LearningOutcomes

2.52

Theglobal

marketplaceand

production


• discusstheimpactofglobalisationondesignandmanufacture,forexample:- variationsinlabourcosts;- availabilityofrawmaterials;- moralissuesinoutsourcingproduction;- transportationcosts;and- environmentalcosts.

Socialresponsibilityofproductdesign

Content

LearningOutcomes

2.53

Riskassessment


• identifyanddiscussthefollowingtermsassociatedwithriskassessment:- potentialhazards;- personalsafety;and- prevention;

2.54

Productsafety

• outlinetheneedfortheindependenttestingandlabellingofproducts:- BritishStandardsInstitution(BSI)andKitemark;- EuropeanCE;and- internationalISO;

2.55

Energyefficiency

andrecycling

• discusstheenvironmentalbenefitsofrecyclingandthedesignofproductsthatcanberecycled;

• discusshowthedesignofproductscanreducewastageof

materials;• discussanddesignproductsthatcanbeeasilymaintained

andrepaired;and• giveandanalyseexamplesofproductsthathavebuilt-in

obsolescence.



3.3 Unit 3: Design and Manufacturing Project Thisunitiscompulsoryforallstudentsandcarriesaweightingof50%ofthefullqualification.Itismarkedoutof100.Ithasatimeguidanceofapproximately40hours.Theprojectallowsstudentstodemonstratetheirabilitytodesignandmanufactureaproduct.

Weissuetwothemeseachyear,inJanuaryofthefirstyearofstudy.Centresselectthethemethatisbettersuitedtotheirneeds.Design portfolio ThedesignportfolioshouldbeamaximumoftenA3sheetsononesideonlyorequivalent.Alltextmustbesize12.Alltitlesshouldnotexceedsize16.Studentsmaypresenttheportfolioinanelectronicformat.

Studentsshouldunderstandthatthedesignprocessisnon-linearandcreativityshouldbeevidentthroughouttheprocess.

Thedesignportfolioisanintegralpartofthedesignproject.Eachdesignprojectwillhaveitsowncharacteristicsandrelevantprocesses,butalldesignportfoliosshouldincludethefollowing:

• achosenthemeanddesignbrief;• adescriptionandunderstandingofthedesignopportunity/problem;• researchandanalysisofproductsand/ortargetmarketgroups(TMGs)as

appropriatetothedesignopportunity/problem;• freehandsketchingandcomputer-aideddesign(CAD)–thesemustbeinall

designportfolios;• specificationswhichidentifykeydesigncriteria;• anappropriaterangeoffreehandconceptsketches;• anappropriaterangeofgraphicaltechniques;• clearandsuccinctannotation;• evidenceofcreativethinking,problemsolvinganddecision-making;• thedevelopmentoftheconcept(s)usingfreehandsketchesand/or

CAD/computermodelling;• informationonhowtheproposedsolutionmayperform/improve,considering

function,form,size,ergonomics,safetyandsustainability,asappropriate;• manufacturingandassemblydetailsoftheproposedsolution;• evidenceofaphysicalmodel/mock-uptoaiddevelopmentoftheproposed

solution;• workingdrawing(s)showingallthenecessarydetailsforthemanufactureofthe

keyparts;and• evidenceoftestingandevaluationofthefinalsolution,toincludeappropriate

modifications.Qualityofwrittencommunicationisassessedthroughouttheportfolio.



Manufacturing Themanufacturedsolutionshouldbefunctionalandappropriatelypresented.Studentsshouldunderstandthatthedesignprocessisnon-linearandcreativityshouldbeevidentthroughouttheprocess.Thesolutionshouldhave:

• scaledphysicalmodel(s)whichrelate(s)toandconvey(s)aclearunderstandingofthefinalsolution,proportion,formandfunction;

• evidenceofthefunctionandformoftheprototype;• appropriatematerialsandfabricationtechniques;• evidenceofskills,precision,qualityofmanufacture,finishandattentionto

detail;• evidenceofworkingundertestconditions;• evidenceofsafetyhavingbeentakenintoaccountinitsfinalconstructionand

use;• evidenceoftemplates,patterns,jigsandformers,whereappropriate,toassistin

production;and• evidenceofcreativity.Studentsdemonstratedesigncapability,creativityandinnovation,usinghandandcomputernumericalcontrol(CNC)manufacturingskills,whereappropriate,intheproductionandoutcomeofallmodelsandthefinalprototype.Learning outcomes for Unit 3 Studentsareassessedonhowtheydemonstratethelearningoutcomesthatfollow.SeeAppendix2forthecontrolledassessmentmarkingcriteriaforthisunit.

Content

LearningOutcomes

3.1

Design

opportunity


• clearlyidentifyandanalyseadesignopportunityoraprobleminrelationtotheselectedtheme;

• identifyandanalysekeyelementsofthedesignopportunity/problem;and

• developaninitialcleardesignbrief.



Content

LearningOutcomes

3.2

Researchand

analysis


• applyresearchandanalyticalskillsthatshowclearconnectionstothedesignopportunity/problemandinitialdesignbrief;

• identifyandanalysekeydesignfeaturesofexistingsolutionsand/ortargetmarketneeds;

3.3

Specification

• produceafinaldesignbrief;

• producearelevant,detailedspecificationthatidentifieskeydesignfeaturessufficientforthedevelopmentofanappropriatesolution;

3.4

Conceptsand

analysis

• produceandanalyseinitialconceptsketchesappropriatetotheirchosendesigntheme;

• usearangeoffreehandgraphicaltechniquestocommunicateconcepts,including2D/3Dsketches,symbols,diagrams,flowchartsandsectionalandexplodedviews;

• includeclearandsuccinctannotation;

3.5

Developmentof

proposed

concepts

• developthedesignconcept(s)usingfreehand/presentationsketch(es)andcomputermodellingtechniques,asappropriate;

• useannotationtoanalysethedevelopmentofthedesignconcepts;and

• illustrate,developandanalysehowtheproposedconcepts

mayperformorcanbeimprovedupon,usingrelevantannotation.



Content

LearningOutcomes

3.5

Developmentof

proposed

concepts(cont.)


• considertheuseofthefollowing,asappropriate:- creativity;- calculations;- circuitsimulations;- electronicbreadboardmodelling;- function;- form;- size;- ergonomics;- safety;- sustainability;- materials;- processes;and- assembly;

3.6

Modellingand

testing

• produceoneormorephysicalmodels/mock-upstoanappropriatescale(includingphotographicevidenceinthedesignportfolioiftheywish);

• testandmodifytheoutcomeorsolutionandmodifyagainasnecessary;

3.7

Drawingsfor

manufacture

• producescaledworkingdrawing(s)ofthefinalsolutionand/oritskeycomponent(s)toenabletheprototypetobemanufactured;

• producedrawingsthatconformtoBritishStandardsInstitution(BSI)standard;

3.8

Manufacture

• manufactureaprototypetomeetalltherequirementsofthedesign;

• showcapabilityinmanufacturingskills,demonstratingqualityoffinish,accuracyandattentiontodetail;

3.9

Evaluation

• testtheprototype;

• produceanevaluationthatdemonstratesreflectivethoughtaboutwhethertheprototypeisfitforpurpose;and

• suggesthowtheprototypecouldbedevelopedandmodified.

GCSE Technology and Design - Scribble ResourcesB. Mechanical and Pneumatic Control Systems; or C....

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Transcript of GCSE Technology and Design - Scribble ResourcesB. Mechanical and Pneumatic Control Systems; or C....