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Candidate Name Centre Number Candidate Number

0

GCSE ADDITIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION TIER (Grades G-C) BIOLOGY 2 − Cells and metabolism, digestion and respiration, biodiversity SPECIMEN PAPER (1 hour)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this

page. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question. You are reminded that assessment will take into account the quality of written

communication used in your answers to question 9(b).

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1. Red deer have 68 chromosomes in their body cells. The diagram below shows the cell divisions which take place in red deer when

gametes are produced by meiosis.

Body cell from which gametes are made

(a) State the number of chromosomes in cell B. [1] ........................................... (b) Apart from numbers of chromosomes, give one other benefit of meiosis for

the production of gametes. [1] ...........................................................................................................................

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2. Biological washing powders contain enzymes. A student carried out an investigation with a biological washing powder as follows.

Four pieces of material were stained with egg which is mainly protein and fat. Each piece of material was then soaked in a solution of the biological washing powder. The four pieces of material were left at different temperatures for 15 minutes and are shown in the diagram as they looked before and after the investigation.

(a) State three factors, other than time, which should be kept constant in this

investigation. [3] (i) ........................................................... (ii) ........................................................... (iii) .......................................................... (b) (i) From the results, which temperature would you recommend for use

with this washing powder? [1] ........................................... (ii) State the reason for your choice. [1] ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (iii) Give two ways in which you could improve the level of confidence that

this is the best temperature to use. [2] ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... .

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3. The apparatus below is used to show that heat energy is produced by germinating peas.

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(a) Three thermos flasks, A, B, and C, were set up as shown in the table below. The temperature of each flask was noted over 5 days.

Temperature in °C

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Flask A - live germinating peas 20.0 20.5 23.5 23.7 24.2

Flask B - dead peas 20.0 20.0 28.5 31.0 38.0

Flask C - dead, disinfected peas 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

(i) Explain the temperature rise in flask A. [1] ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (ii) The peas in flask B were dead so why did the temperature increase? [2] ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (b) (i) Why is it important to use a thermos or vacuum flask rather than a

glass beaker? [1] ............................................................................................................... (ii) Why was a cotton wool plug used instead of a rubber bung? [1] ...............................................................................................................

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4. Green leaves of four different sizes were placed in tubes, as shown in the diagram, and left in the light. Each tube contained an equal quantity of an indicator which changes from red to purple when it becomes less acidic. The presence of carbon dioxide increases acidity.

The time taken for the indicator to change from red to purple in each tube is recorded

in the table below.

Leaf size Time taken from indicator to change from red to purple / minutes

Small 63

Medium 47

Large 26

Very large 18 (a) Explain how a biological process in the leaves caused the indicator to change

from red to purple. [3] ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................

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(b) Give a reason why the indicator in the tube with the largest leaf changed colour the quickest. [1]

........................................................................................................................... (c) After 60 minutes which tube would be expected to contain the most oxygen? Underline the correct answer. [1] The tube with the: small leaf medium leaf large leaf very large leaf (d) If the apparatus was kept in the dark for several hours, which tube would

contain the most oxygen at the end of the period? [1] Underline the correct answer. The tube with the: small leaf medium leaf large leaf very large leaf

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5. The diagram below shows the human respiratory system.

(a) Label parts A to C on the diagram. [3] (b) The table below shows some of the contents of inhaled and exhaled air.

Gas Inhaled air (%) Exhaled air (%)

Oxygen 20 15

Carbon dioxide 0.03 4 (i) Explain the decrease in oxygen in exhaled air. [2] ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (ii) Explain the increase in carbon dioxide in exhaled air. [2] ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................

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6. The kakapo is a flightless parrot found only in New Zealand. It lives and nests on the ground.

In 2002 there were 86 kakapo alive in New Zealand. They were all under the

protective care of the Department of Conservation and the kakapo was classed as extinct in the wild.

The diagram below shows the mammals introduced into New Zealand by people and how these animals interact with the kakapo.

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(a) Using only the information given, state two reasons why the number of kakapo fell before they were taken into protective care. [2]

1. ...................................................................................................................... 2 ...................................................................................................................... (b) The New Zealand Department of Conservation moved all the remaining

kakapo from the mainland to carefully chosen small islands off the coast. Suggest one reason why small islands were chosen. [1]

.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... (c) Suggest one ethical issue surrounding the conservation of the kakapo. [1] .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

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7. The diagrams show two potato cylinders after they had been left for 24 hours in different solutions. At the beginning of the experiment they both looked like diagram A.

(a) Explain, in terms of water movement, why B is different to A. [4] ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... (b) State how you could make the cylinder in B change back to the way it looked

at the beginning of the experiment. [1] ........................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................

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8. The diagram below shows the human digestive system.

(a) Label parts A and B on the diagram. [1] (b) What is meant by the term digestion? [3] .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... (c) Describe the digestion in the small intestine of a meal containing

carbohydrate, protein and fat. [4] .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

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9. The activity of the enzyme carbohydrase on starch can be investigated using the following apparatus which measures the amount of light passing through the solution.

The solution in the boiling tube consisted of starch, carbohydrase and iodine. The following graph appeared on the computer screen at the end of the investigation.

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(a) Iodine is used to test for starch. In the presence of starch, iodine changes colour from

..................................................... to ..................................................... [1] (b) Describe and explain the results seen in the graph by referring to the

expected colour changes and reactions taking place in the boiling tube. [6 QWC] .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... (c) On the graph, draw a line to show what result you would expect if boiled,

cooled carbohydrase was used with a solution of starch and iodine. [1] (d) Describe a test that you would carry out to show the end product of the

reaction taking place in the boiling tube. [2] .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................

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10. (a) Define the term biodiversity. [2] .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... (b) Floating pennywort is an alien plant species in Britain. It grows in slow

flowing waterways such as canals and lakes where it forms dense mats which grow at the rate of 20cm a day. Floating pennywort out-competes native plants, reduces the oxygen content of water and has a damaging effect on flood control.

(i) What is meant by an alien species? [1]

............................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................

(ii) State one harmful effect that floating pennywort could have on native

wildlife. [1]

............................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................

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(c) In Florida, the southern army worm is known to eat floating pennywort and in Argentina there is a weevil (an insect) that only eats floating pennywort.

What advice would you give the Environment Agency about the dangers of introducing these organisms into Britain as methods of biological control against floating pennywort? [2]

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