Gasification of Municipal Solid Waste and Tire Pyrolysis ...
Transcript of Gasification of Municipal Solid Waste and Tire Pyrolysis ...
Karlsruhe, 5.12.2017Dr. Ingo Zorbach
Gasification of Municipal Solid Waste and Tire Pyrolysis as alternative solutions for commercial scale treatment of waste
Dr.-Ing. Ingo Zorbach
• Study of „Allgemeiner Maschinenbau“ at TU Darmstadt with a focus on thermal processdesign and power production
• Doctoral thesis about online measurement of waterwall corrosion in boilers
• Since January 2013 at Steinmüller• Head of R&D since 2015
2
Persönliches
► International company for plant construction in the field of environmental and energy technology
► More than 150 years of tradition and know-how
► Worldwide more than 1,600 reference plants
► EPC-Contractor for turnkey plants
► Member of the Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation
3
SBENG in brief
1898
1874
4
History
1999 2002 20142000
Noell KRCEnergie- und
Umwelttechnik GmbH
Pyrolysisplant in Burgau „Noell Konversionsverfahren“
5
Milestones
1985: First industrial large-scale SCR-plant in Europe (Altbach/Germany)
1993: First application of Inconel cladding at waste incineration plant in Europe(Burgkirchen/Germany)
1994: World’s first water-cooled grate surface for municipal waste(Horgen/Switzerland)
2004: First entire cladded combustion chamber at EfW plant in Europe(Aarhus/Denmark)
2009: First turbine in EfW plant with an electrical output > 120 MW (Naples/Italy)
2012: Largest EfW unit in Germany with 1,000 t/d waste output in one line(Berlin-Ruhleben/Germany)
Turnover: 38.8 billion €Employees: 92,309
Turnover: 2.2 billion €Employees: 4,923
Turnover: 179.3 million €Employees: 259
6
100
%
100
%
* all information for the fiscal year 2016
Ownership structure
7
NSSMC
Chemicals Steelmaking Engineering(NSENGI)
New Materials
SystemSolutions
Steel Plant andMachinery
Marine Engineering /Construction
Energy /Pipeline
Building Construction/Steel Struct.
Technical /Business Develop.
Environmental Solutions
Group structure NSSMC and NSENGI
Gasification + PyrolysisTechnologies
Project Management
Overall Planning, Quality Assurance, Expediting, HSE, Procurement, Logistics, Planning & Supervision of Site Activities
Infrastructure
Civil Works
Incineration Technology
Boiler Technology
Flue Gas Treatment
Water-Steam Cycle
Electrical Systems
I & C System
Balance of Plant
Own basic & detailengineering Own basic engineering Procured
► Complete turnkeysolutions
► Chute-to-stack ► Full technology ---package
Your partner for turnkey solutions
9
10
A solution for every kind of waste
Incineration and co-incineration of:
► Municipal solid waste► Refuse derived fuels► Industrial waste► Bulky waste► Biomass► Sewage sludge► Shredder light fraction► Tyres► Animal waste► Hospital waste► Hazardous waste – solid► Hazardous waste – pasty► Hazardous waste – liquid
Grate incineration
Gasification (DMS)
Rotary kiln incineration
• Treatment process without air addition• Typical treatment temperature 400°C to 550°C
13
Tire pyrolysis
17
Anlagendetails2 Drehrohre mit je 30.000 t/a Kapazität
Öl-Kondensation
Gasreinigung
Ölspeicherung
Ölbrenner
Abwärmenutzung Feststoffaustrag
Bilder: google Earth
18
Typical pyrolysis gas composition
0,3%
9,7%
12,0%
35,7%
16,1%
9,0%
6,3%
6,4%
4,5%
0,0% 5,0% 10,0% 15,0% 20,0% 25,0% 30,0% 35,0% 40,0%
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
C1
C2
C3
C4
>C4
Rest
19
Verfahrensübersicht
Coo
ler 1
Coo
ler 2
Heavy Oil Light Oil
steelCarbon black
BoilerFGT
Ca. 20 °C
20
Material balance in HirohataR
ubbe
r (~5
0%)
Car
bon
(~30
%)
Steel (~13%)
Zink (4%)Pyrolysis
Oil
(~37
%)
Gas
(~
19%
)C
arbo
n(~
29%
)
Steel (~13%)
Light Oil: 6.000 t/aHeavy Oil: 16.000 t/a
Ca. 11.400 t/a Gas
Ca. 17.400 t/a Carbon
Ca. 7.800 t/a Steel
Ca. 1.400 t/a Residuals
Oil
(~13 %)
Util
izat
ion
in s
teel
mill
(~85
%)
Own consumption
Gas: Utilization in Utility boiler
Oil:Heating of steel converter
Carbon:Reduction agent in steel process
SteelRecyclingsteel for steel converter
21
Stoffströme in einer geplanten Anlage
Die
sel (
~30%
)C
arbo
n (~
29%
)
Steel (~13%)
Ca. 10%
Gas
(~
19%
)
Dieseloil acc. EN 590
Own consumption andpower production(ca. 1.650 kWel)
Upgrade to Carbon Black
Recycling
Residues for disposalIncluding oil not meeting spec.
Rub
ber (
~50%
)C
arbo
n(~
30%
)
Steel (~13%)
Zink (4%)Pyrolysis
Oil
(~37
%)
Gas
(~
19%
)C
arbo
n(~
29%
)
Steel (~13%)
Light Oil: 6.000 t/aHeavy Oil: 16.000 t/a
Ca. 11.400 t/a Gas
Ca. 17.400 t/a Carbon
Ca. 7.800 t/a Steel
Ca. 1.400 t/a Residuals
• Post treatment required• Flash point of Light Oil too low• Density of Oil either too low or too high• Further distillation and blending required
22
Oil composition and technical issues
Light Oil Heavy Oil Gasoline Diesel FuelTemperature [°C] 15 40
Flash-point [°C] -20 55 < -20 > 55Pour-Point [°C] -20 -20
Density [kg/l] 0,86 1,056 0,75 0,84Kin. Visco [cSt] 0,6 19 < 0,5 2-4Acid/Alkali [-] Alkali Acid
Heating Value [MJ/kg] ~41 ~38 ~41 43
Pyrolysis Oils
Zusammenfassung:
• Tire pyrolysis is an option for recycling• Plant in Hirohata in operation since 2004 with a 60.000 t/a capacity
• IED: Co-Incineration plant• Flue gas has to be treated accordingly (i.e. 17. BImSchV in Germany)
• Economics of plants strongly dependet from Crude Oil price level• Currently not economical
23
• Gasification process for untreated MSW• Developed in Japan; plants in Japan and Korea• More than 40 years of experience; first plant in operation in 1974
• Treatment of:• MSW without pre treatment• Clinical waste• Sewage sludge• Hazardous waste• Material from landfill site reclaiming activities
• Very high slag quality
25
Direct Melting System
Baghouse
Gasifier
Waste Pit
Recyclables
MetalSlag
Boiler
Steam Turbine
SCR
Stack
Landfilling
Fly Ash
Cyclone
Combustion AirDraft Fan (CDF)
Forced Draft Fan (FDF)
O2-PSA
Gas
Coo
ler
CombustionChamber
WaterGranulator
ID Fan
Magnetic Separator
Re-Heater
Coke and Limestone
Wet
Scr
ubbe
r
DMS Prozess Übersicht
28
View inside of waste bunkerLandfill site residue treatment
Raw material fromlandfill site
Mixing with MSW
2.2. Gasifier - Co-gasification -
Syngas
Flexibility of Processed Waste No Pretreatment (Max. 800 mm)Co-gasification
High Syngas NCV Continuous syngas measuring Approx. 5.9 MJ/m3
N based on 9.1 MJ/kg-wasterefer to N.Tanigaki et. al. Waste Management
High Temperature & Reducing AtmosphereProduced by coke burning heatToxic heavy metals are volatilized and distributed to fly ash.Few toxic heavy metals remain in slag and metal.
Material and Energy Recycling from Waste
1,800℃
400-500 ℃
600-800 ℃
Sewage sludge Bottom ash Landfill Waste Clinical Waste
Reliability - Measures for Scaling-up of Gasifier -
31
Scale-up of gasification technology is one of the technical issues.- Gasification reaction in the gasifier.- optimization of waste charging and combustion conditions.
Our gasification (Direct Melting System) gradually expanded its capacity, during 38 years and reach now a capacity of 14 t/h per line (330 t/d).
2.3. References in Japan and South Korea
Kamaishi City, Iwate Pref.
Ibaraki City, Osaka Pref.
Kazusa Clean System Co., Ltd. Chiba Pref.
Narumi Clean System Co., Ltd. Nagoya City, Aichi Pref.
10
12
13
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
14
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
12
3 4
5
6 7
8
9
1
2
Kita-kyushu City 〔Shin-Moji Plant〕, Fukuoka Pref.
28
1
11
11
Akita City, Akita Pref.
13
14
2 3 4
26
35
3739
40
38
34
34
36
41 43 references 38 years operation 10,000 - 240,000 t/a
2.3. References - Shin-Moji Plant-
Location / PurchaserKitakyushu City, Japan
FuelMunicipal solid wasteIncombustiblesSewage sludge
Capacity3 x 10 t/h9 100 - 12 000 kJ/kgLargest gasificationPlant in operation
Year of Start Up2007
NSENGI Scope of SupplyFull Turn key +Operation & Maintenance