Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis 2010

8/7/2019 Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis 2010

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Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis:Opportunities for Large-Scale Technologies

Harvesting Clean Energy Conference

February 9, 2010

Dr. Don Stevens

[email protected]

509 372 4603


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Gasification and Pyrolysis:The Opportunities Moving Forward

Increasing interest in liquid biofuels fortransportation

Policy factors:

EISA and other legislation

Department of Energy research

Focus:

Increasing interest in infrastructurecompatible hydrocarbon fuels

Potential interest in high-efficiencyelectricity generation technologies

Implications:Larger facilities (~500 2000 tpd) to achieveeconomies of scale

Leveraging of existing energy infrastructure.

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Biomass Gasification for Liquid Fuels

FeedstockInterface

GasificationGas Cleanup&

Conditioning

Fuel Synthesis

Products

By-products

Partial OxidationPressurized OxygenIndirect/SteamTechnical Feasibility ofSyngas Quality

Particulate removalCatalytic Reforming

TarsBenzene

Light HydrocarbonsMethaneS, N, Cl mitigationCO2 removalH2/CO adjustment

SeparationsFor Recycle -to improve yields

FeedstockInterface

GasificationGas Cleanup&

Conditioning

Fuel Synthesis

Products

By-products

Size ReductionStorage & HandlingDe-wateringDrying

Partial OxidationPressurized OxygenIndirect/SteamTechnical Feasibility ofSyngas Quality

Particulate removalCatalytic Reforming

TarsBenzene

Light HydrocarbonsMethaneS, N, Cl mitigationCO2 removalH2/CO adjustment

SeparationsFor Recycle -to improve yields

AlcoholsGasolineGreen Diesel

FT Liquids

More robust catalystsHigher catalyst yields

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Primary Issues: 1) cleaning raw syngas; 2) efficiently making liquid fuels


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Gasification for Liquid Fuels:Commercial Development

Several DOE pilot and demo projects areunderway

Commercial Scale EPACT Section 932

Range FuelsFuel product: ethanol and other alcohols

Construction is underway in Soperton, GA

Up to 26 M gal/y

Demonstration Scale facilities

Flambeau River & New PageFuel product: FT diesel

Detailed designs underway, WisconsinUp to ~ 6 M gal/y each

Other Recent DOE awards:

Clear fuels, Haldor Topsoe, ZeaChem, Enerkem,INEOS use a variety of approaches

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National Research Program on Biomass

Gasification: PNNL is Actively Involved

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Focus: 1) improve the gasification process; 2) remove contaminants;

3) improve fuel synthesis


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Pyrolysis Oil Stabilization and Upgrading

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Pyrolysis

Potential for distributed bio-oil production thatalso uses economies of scale for processing:

Produce bio-oil near the resourceConvert the bio-oil at a larger central site


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Bio-oil:Upgrading Requirement Determined by the End Use


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Pyrolysis Bio-Oil: Technical Challenges

Bio-oil is chemically different that petroleum

Stabilization and upgradingCant directly use existing petroleum processing approaches

Can potentially leverage the petroleum industry infrastructure

Bio-oil Petroleum

Moisture 15-25 wt% < 0.1%

Acidity (TAN) > 100 < 1

Elemental O 35-45% < 1%

Stability Months Years

PyrolysisOil

Heavyfractio

n


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Biomass Pyrolysis Can Leverage ExistingInfrastructure

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BiomassRefinery-ReadyIntermediates

Finished Fuels andBlendstocks

ResearchAreas

Research

Areas

Existing Refinery

Infrastructure

Atmosphericand

Vac

uumDistillation

Gas

L Naphtha

H Naphtha

LGO

VGO

Atm. Res.

Vac. Res.

Reform

FCC

Alky/Poly

HT/HC

Coker

Gasoline

Jet Fuel

Diesel Fuel

Crude

Oil

Drop-In Fuels

Drop in

Point #1:

Pyrolysis

Oil

Drop in

Point #3:

Fuels

Blendstock

Drop in

Point #2:

Stable Oil

Drop in Points 1&2 require different tax policies than Point 3


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The State of Pyrolysis Technology

Bio-oil is being producedcommercially

Ensyn

100 t/d capacity facility (Ottawa)

Product currently used for foodflavorings

Several smaller-scale, near-commercial demo plants

Stabilization and upgradingtechnologies entering demo stage

UOP, others

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5 tpd facility at VTT, Finland


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PNNLs Research Program on BiomassPyrolysis:

O: 40% 0.02%

PNNL is using its catalyst expertise to develop

technologies that produce gasoline, diesel and jet fuel.

Before After

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Progress: 100% Renewable Jet

The hydroplane ran on 98% Bio-SPK and 2% renewable aromatics

Jet A1Spec

StartingSPK

Woody Pyrolysis OilAromatics

Freeze Point (oC) -47 -63 -53

Flash Point (oC) 39 42 52

Density (g/mL) 0.775 0.753 0.863


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PNNL: Two Consortia on Advanced Biofuels

Awards:National Advanced Biofuels Consortium (NABC)

Focus: Hydrocarbon fuels from lignocellulosic biomass

National Association of Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts (NAABB)

Focus: Algal-based biofuels

Goals:Develop innovative pathways to infrastructure compatible, biomass-

based hydrocarbon fuelsDetails:

Competitive proposals awarded in January 2010

Total value of approximately $75 million over three years

Both Consortia have numerous industry, lab, and university partnersGasification and pyrolysis are part of both

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Thank You!

Acknowledgement:

Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis 2010

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