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Transcript of Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Sheraton Hotel, Denver, Colorado February 17 – 20, 2013 Kees...
Gas Well Deliquification WorkshopSheraton Hotel, Denver, Colorado
February 17 – 20, 2013
Kees Veeken – Shell (NAM)
Rahel Yusuf – SPT Group
Model the Effectiveness of Pump and Plunger by Transient Multi-Phase Flow Simulation
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
2
Contents
• Objectives
• Transient Vs Steady State
• Pump modeling
• Plunger modeling
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
3
Objectives
• How much back pressure is introduced by the flowing wet gas column in the presence of a pump that removes liquids from the bottom of the well ?
– The outcome determines the effectiveness of a pump and defines the best ways of operating a pump
• What is the effectiveness of a plunger that travels up to the subsurface safety valve but does not cover the short distance between subsurface safety valve and wellhead ?
– The outcome determines the requirement for a second plunger to dewater the top section
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
4
Transient Vs Steady State• Pump intake pressure sits in between too high steady
state VLP and too low dry gas VLP
– How effective is downhole separation?
– How steady is production and how much gas will enter pump ?
• Plunger action is transient in nature
– Will slug of liquid be able to bridge “gap” ?
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
FBH
P (b
ara)
Gas Rate (e3 m3/d)
Modified Gray Gray Beggs & Brill Petex 4 SRTCA
FTHP=20 barg
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
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Pump Modeling Parameters
• 5.5” tubing + 5” liner down to 3040 m
• Pump on 1.5” CCT @ 3020 m
• Inflow across 2770-3040 m with 3% below pump
• Darcy inflow A=80 bara/(e3m3/d)
• Reservoir Pres=35-55-65-75 bara
• WGR=23-7, CGR=10 m3/e6m3
• Wellhead pressure = 9 bara
Constant mass pump rate for liquid and gas i.e. keeps pumping in case of gas ingress
GasLiquidPower
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
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OLGA Liquid Loading Point
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
FBH
P (b
ara)
Gas Rate (e3 m3/d)
IPR – Pres=69 baraLL – OLGA Qmin=58e3 m3/d
VLP – Modified GrayVLP - Gray
VLP – Cullender-Smith
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
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Pres=55 bara – No PumpingGas rate (e3 m3/d)
Pressure @ pump intake (bara)Holdup @ pump intake (-)
Liquid in wellbore (m3)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
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Pres=55 bara – Pumping @ 1 m3/d
Gas rate (e3 m3/d)Pressure @ pump intake (bara)
Holdup @ pump intake (-)Liquid in wellbore (m3)
• Stable holdup @ pump intake: gassy liquid (8 Sm3/d gas)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
9
Pres=55 bara – Pumping @ 1 m3/d
Significant holdupacross bulk of wellbore
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
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Pres=55 bara – Pumping @ 1 m3/d
Liquid holdup increasespump intake pressure
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
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Pres=55 bara – Pumping @ 2 m3/d
• Oscillating holdup @ pump intake: gassy liquid or gas
Gas rate (e3 m3/d)Pressure @ pump intake (bara)
Holdup @ pump intake (-)Liquid in wellbore (m3)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
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Pres=55 bara – Pumping @ 2 m3/d
Holdup is sluggingup and down wellbore
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
13
Pres=55 bara – Pumping @ 2 m3/d
Pump intake pressureoscillates
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
14
Pres=65 bara – Pumping @ 2 m3/d
• Oscillating holdup @ pump intake: gassy liquid or gas
Gas rate (e3 m3/d)Pressure @ pump intake (bara)
Holdup @ pump intake (-)Liquid in wellbore (m3)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
15
Pumping Operating Points
2
1
4 21.5
1
0.5
0.51
0
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
FBH
P (b
ara)
Gas Rate (e3 m3/d)
IPR – Pres=75/65/55/35 baraVLP – Modified Gray
VLP – GrayVLP – CS (dry & wet)
OLGA – Pumping (m3/d) & LL
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
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Pumping Summary
• Back pressure due to liquid holdup is unavoidable
• Magnitude increases as Q increases– Insignificant at low enough Q but significant at higher Q as
downhole separation becomes less effective
– Back pressure does not increase with higher WGR!
– Production penalty increases as inflow improves!
• Gas ingress into pump depends on pump rate and location of pump intake relative to inflow profile – Pump off triggers slugging and large gas ingress
Further explore influence of pump location, liner size and deviation on back pressure and gas ingress
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
17
Plunger Modeling Parameters
• 3.5” tubing to 1169 m, 5”x4.5” liner to 1310 m
• Plunger between “launch” @ 1145 m and “trap” @ 0-330 m (SSSV @ 102 m)
• Inflow @ 1310 m, A=5.2 bara/(e3m3/d)
• Pres=12-18 bara, WGR=10-88 m3/e6m3, CGR=0 m3/e6m3
• Wellhead pressure = 8 bara
• 3.5” tubing plunger weight = 7.5 kg, zero leakage, SV or 3 bara BPV
• 9 plunger cycles 2 hr flow, 1 hr shut-in
17
Tu
bin
gW
ellb
ore
PL
Trap
LaunchSV
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
18
Field – No Plunger, Close to LL
THP (barg)Gas Rate (Nm3/d)
• 1 hr flow, 0.5 hr shut-inWYK4-FI-4-32-1
26013
NM3/D
WYK4-PI-4-32-1
7.8435
BARG
WYK4-TI-4-32-1
15.807
DEG.C
WYK4-FI-4-32-1.INT
18995
NM3/D
CALCULATED FLOW
FLOWLINE TO WELLHEAD PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE
CALCULATED FLOW
26/05/2012 00:00:0025/05/2012 00:00:00 24.00 hours
WYK-32
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
1.E+05
0
20
0
100
-50000
50000
FTHP (bara)Gas Rate (Nm3/d)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
19
Field – Plunger 11 hrs ON, 1 hr OFF
THP (barg)Gas Rate (Nm3/d)
• 1 hr flow, 0.5 hr shut-inWYK4-FI-4-32-1
14926
NM3/D
WYK4-PI-4-32-1
6.9256
BARG
WYK4-TI-4-32-1
20.681
DEG.C
WYK4-FI-4-32-1.INT
6514.1
NM3/D
CALCULATED FLOW
FLOWLINE TO WELLHEAD PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE
CALCULATED FLOW
14/06/2012 18:00:0014/06/2012 15:00:00 3.00 hours
WYK-32
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
1.E+05
0
20
0
100
-50000
50000TT~20 min (excessive)
VEL~52 m/min (170 ft/min)ON period too long
FTHP (bara)Gas Rate (Nm3/d)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
20
Field – Plunger 2 hrs ON, 1 hr OFF
THP (barg)Gas Rate (Nm3/d)
• 1 hr flow, 0.5 hr shut-inWYK4-FI-4-32-1
0.0000
NM3/D
WYK4-PI-4-32-1
10.965
BARG
WYK4-TI-4-32-1
15.695
DEG.C
WYK4-FI-4-32-1.INT
13692
NM3/D
CALCULATED FLOW
FLOWLINE TO WELLHEAD PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE
CALCULATED FLOW
28/06/2012 00:00:0027/06/2012 21:00:00 3.00 hours
WYK-32
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
1.E+05
0
20
0
100
-50000
50000TT~5 min
VEL~209 m/min (690 ft/min)
FTHP (bara)Gas Rate (Nm3/d)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
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WGR=88 m3/e6m3, Pres=17.516.5bara
Gas rate (Sm3/d)Cumulative Liquid (m3)
Liquid in tubing (m3)Liquid in wellbore (m3)
Qmin=29e3m3/d @ Pres=16.9bara
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
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8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
FBH
P (b
ara)
Gas Rate (e3 m3/d)
OLGA Liquid Loading Points
IPR – Pres=14.3-16.9 baraVLP – Modified Gray WGR=10-88 m3/e6m3
OLGA LL Points WGR=10-88 m3/e6m3
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
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WGR=88, Pres=15, Trap @0, BPV (#8)
THP (bara)Gas rate (Sm3/d)
Liquid in Tubing (m3)Liquid in Wellbore (m3)Plunger Velocity (m/s)Plunger Position (m)
TT~6.5 minVEL~161 m/min
(530 ft/min)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
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WGR=88, Pres=15, Trap @0, SV, 23.9 hr
Holdup Tubing (-)Pressure Tubing (bara)
Holdup Wellbore (-)Pressure Wellbore (bara)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
25
WGR=88, Pres=15, Trap @0, SV, 24.05 hr
Holdup Tubing (-)Pressure Tubing (bara)
Holdup Wellbore (-)Pressure Wellbore (bara)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
26
WGR=88, Pres=15, Trap @0, SV, 24.1 hr
Holdup Tubing (-)Pressure Tubing (bara)
Holdup Wellbore (-)Pressure Wellbore (bara)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
27
WGR=88, Pres=15, Trap @0, SV, 24.15 hr
Holdup Tubing (-)Pressure Tubing (bara)
Holdup Wellbore (-)Pressure Wellbore (bara)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
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WGR=88, Pres=15, Trap @0, SV, 25.9 hrs
Holdup Tubing (-)Pressure Tubing (bara)
Holdup Wellbore (-)Pressure Wellbore (bara)
Holdup Tubing (-)Pressure Tubing (bara)
Holdup Wellbore (-)Pressure Wellbore (bara)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
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WGR=88, Pres=15, Trap @0, SV, 26.05 hr
Holdup Tubing (-)Pressure Tubing (bara)
Holdup Wellbore (-)Pressure Wellbore (bara)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
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WGR=88, Pres=15, Trap @0, SV, 26.1 hr
Holdup Tubing (-)Pressure Tubing (bara)
Holdup Wellbore (-)Pressure Wellbore (bara)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
31
WGR=88, Pres=15, Trap @0, BPV (#8)
THP (bara)Gas rate (Sm3/d)
Liquid in Tubing (m3)Liquid in Wellbore (m3)Plunger Velocity (m/s)Plunger Position (m)
TT~6.5 minVEL~161 m/min
(530 ft/min)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
32
WGR=10, Pres=15, Trap @0, SV
THP (bara)Gas rate (Sm3/d)
Cumulative Liquid (m3)Liquid in Tubing (m3)
Liquid in Wellbore (m3)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
33
WGR=10, Pres=15, Trap @0, SV (#8)
THP (bara)Gas rate (Sm3/d)
Liquid in Tubing (m3)Liquid in Wellbore (m3)Plunger Velocity (m/s)Plunger Position (m)
TT~3.0 minVEL~350 m/min
(1150 ft/min)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
34
WGR=10, Pres=14, Trap @0, SV (#8)
THP (bara)Gas rate (Sm3/d)
Liquid in Tubing (m3)Liquid in Wellbore (m3)Plunger Velocity (m/s)Plunger Position (m)
TT~3.3 minVEL~320 m/min
(1050 ft/min)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
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WGR=10, Pres=13, Trap @0, SV (#8)
THP (bara)Gas rate (Sm3/d)
Liquid in Tubing (m3)Liquid in Wellbore (m3)Plunger Velocity (m/s)Plunger Position (m)
TT~4 minVEL~260 m/min
(850 ft/min)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
36
WGR=10, Pres=12, Trap @0, SV (#4)
THP (bara)Gas rate (Sm3/d)
Liquid in Tubing (m3)Liquid in Wellbore (m3)Plunger Velocity (m/s)Plunger Position (m)
TT~5 minVEL~209 m/min
(690 ft/min)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
37
WGR=88, Pres=15, Trap @0, BPV
THP (bara)Gas rate (Sm3/d)
Cumulative Liquid (m3)Liquid in Tubing (m3)
Liquid in Wellbore (m3)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
38
WGR=88, Pres=15, Trap @50, SV
THP (bara)Gas rate (Sm3/d)
Cumulative Liquid (m3)Liquid in Tubing (m3)
Liquid in Wellbore (m3)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
39
WGR=88, Pres=15, Trap @102, SV
THP (bara)Gas rate (Sm3/d)
Cumulative Liquid (m3)Liquid in Tubing (m3)
Liquid in Wellbore (m3)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
40
WGR=88, Pres=15, Trap @330, SV
THP (bara)Gas rate (Sm3/d)
Cumulative Liquid (m3)Liquid in Tubing (m3)
Liquid in Wellbore (m3)
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
41
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
FBH
P (b
ara)
Gas Rate (e3 m3/d)
With Plunger – Operating Points
IPR – Pres=14.3-16.9 baraVLP – CS WGR=11-88 m3/e6m3
– LL WGR=11-88 m3/e6m3
O – WGR=11, Trap=0 – WGR=88, Trap=0
– WGR=88, Trap=102
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
42
Plunger Summary
• Transient multi-phase flow model produces credible results and provides insight into influence of well parameters on plunger performance
• Plunger needs to travel to top of tubing to deliver maximum value i.e. liquid slug cannot bridge large “gap”
• Plunger introduces back pressure proportional to WGR which can limit applicability in prolific wells– Gas production during upward travel must deliver minimum
plunger velocity and will diminish as slug size increases
Further explore influence of plunger launch position, wellbore (plus annulus) volume, inflow performance and plunger ON/OFF schedule
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
43
Copyright
Rights to this presentation are owned by the company(ies) and/or author(s) listed on the title page. By submitting this presentation to the Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, they grant to the Workshop, the Artificial Lift Research and Development Council (ALRDC), and the Southwestern Petroleum Short Course (SWPSC), rights to:
– Display the presentation at the Workshop.– Place it on the www.alrdc.com web site, with access to the site to be
as directed by the Workshop Steering Committee.– Place it on a CD for distribution and/or sale as directed by the
Workshop Steering Committee.
Other use of this presentation is prohibited without the expressed written permission of the author(s). The owner company(ies) and/or author(s) may publish this material in other journals or magazines if they refer to the Gas Well Deliquification Workshop where it was first presented.
Feb. 17 – 20, 2013 2013 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Denver, Colorado
44
Disclaimer
The following disclaimer shall be included as the last page of a Technical Presentation or Continuing Education Course. A similar disclaimer is included on the front page of the Gas Well Deliquification Web Site.
The Artificial Lift Research and Development Council and its officers and trustees, and the Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Steering Committee members, and their supporting organizations and companies (here-in-after referred to as the Sponsoring Organizations), and the author(s) of this Technical Presentation or Continuing Education Training Course and their company(ies), provide this presentation and/or training material at the Gas Well Deliquification Workshop "as is" without any warranty of any kind, express or implied, as to the accuracy of the information or the products or services referred to by any presenter (in so far as such warranties may be excluded under any relevant law) and these members and their companies will not be liable for unlawful actions and any losses or damage that may result from use of any presentation as a consequence of any inaccuracies in, or any omission from, the information which therein may be contained.
The views, opinions, and conclusions expressed in these presentations and/or training materials are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Sponsoring Organizations. The author is solely responsible for the content of the materials.
The Sponsoring Organizations cannot and do not warrant the accuracy of these documents beyond the source documents, although we do make every attempt to work from authoritative sources. The Sponsoring Organizations provide these presentations and/or training materials as a service. The Sponsoring Organizations make no representations or warranties, express or implied, with respect to the presentations and/or training materials, or any part thereof, including any warrantees of title, non-infringement of copyright or patent rights of others, merchantability, or fitness or suitability for any purpose.