Gardner’s Gardner’s Theory ofTheory of

Multiple Multiple IntelligenceIntelligence

•Multiple Intelligences

Howard GarnerHoward Garner

American Psychologist

Theory of Multiple Intelligence

Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Multiple Multiple IntelligenceIntelligence

A Theory proposed by Harvard University

Professor Howard Gardner, which states there are eight basic intelligences that all people possess.

Most people learn predominantly in one

or two intelligences. This theory proposes that schools should

incorporate all eight intelligences into daily lessons in an effort to reach every student.

Howard Gardner, multiple intelligences and education

“The intelligences are languages that all people speak and are influenced, in part, by the cultures in which we are born. They are tools for learning, problem solving, and creating throughout life.”

- Howard Gardner, Frames of Mind

Eight IntelligencesEight IntelligencesVerbal-linguistic

Logical –mathematicalVisual-spatial

Bodily-kinestheticMusical

InterpersonalIntrapersonal

Naturalist

Verbal-Linguistic“The ability to think in words and

to use language to express and appreciate complex meanings.”

Authors, poets, journalists, speakers, and newscasters exhibit a well-developed understanding of this intelligence.

Elements of Verbal-

Linguistic IntelligenceLISTENING

SPEAKING

READING

WRITING

Examples…

Listening Storytelling

Speaking Classroom Discussions

Examples…Reading Motivating students to

read

Writing Developing a passion for words

Logical-Mathematical Logical-Mathematical IntelligenceIntelligence“The ability to calculate, quantify,

consider propositions and hypotheses, and carry out complex mathematical operations.”

Scientists, accountants, engineers, and computer programmers are all well-versed in this intelligence.

Visual-Spatial Visual-Spatial IntelligenceIntelligence

“The capacity to think in three-dimensional ways, to perceive external and internal imagery, to recreate, transform, or modify images, to navigate oneself and objects through space, and to produce or decode graphic information.”

Sailors, pilots, sculptors, painters and architects are skilled in this intelligence area.

Visual Representations

Ever heard the phrase, “A picture is worth a thousand words.”? Visual aids can help give meaning to students beyond what simple words can convey.

Using color as a tool

Working with color in the classroom helps to engage the senses, making material more interesting and memorable.

Bodily-Kinesthetic Bodily-Kinesthetic IntelligenceIntelligence “To possess an acute understanding

of how to manipulate objects and fine-tune physical skills.”

Athletes, dancers, surgeons, and craftspeople are especially talented in this intelligence.

Movement in the Curriculum

Dancing is an excellent way for students to get involved in the subject matter physically and emotionally.

Exercise Breaks In your average classroom, children are

forced to spend the majority of their time sitting still. Short exercise breaks can bring new energy into the classroom.

Musical Musical IntelligenceIntelligence

“The gift of sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythm and tone.”

Composers, conductors, musicians, critics, instrument makers, and avid listeners have a keen sensibility when using this intelligence.

Creating a Musical Environment Often, it is difficult to calm children down

after an exciting activity or to get them motivated when they are tired. Music can be very effective for creating a comfortable classroom environment and for easing transitions. It can also stimulate creativity.

Music in Content Areas Using music and musically-related activities

to supplement your instruction is a way to captivate and hold students’ attention.

Interpersonal Interpersonal IntelligenceIntelligence

“The capacity to understand and interact effectively with others.”

Teachers, social workers, actors, and politicians use this intelligence with ease.

Classroom Rules & Conflict Management Rather than handing down rules

unilaterally, teachers might have a better time getting students to cooperate if they approached this in a more democratic manner.

Learning Through Service Projects Service projects are common in many

schools. However, in order for such projects to really impact students it must be emphasized that the purpose is not just for getting a school credit but to give to the community and to learn to be a contributing citizen. The project should connect with some subject matter being studied.

Intrapersonal Intrapersonal IntelligenceIntelligence “To construct an accurate

perception of oneself and to use such knowledge in planning and directing ones life.”

Theologians, psychologists, and philosophers have a deep awareness of this intelligence.

Getting to Know Yourself

One aspect of learning that is often neglected is the study of one’s self. Students should be given plenty of opportunities to reflect on themselves, their likes and dislikes, their abilities, their values, their feelings, and especially their life’s purpose.

Emotions in the Classroom More often than not, teachers and

administrators are fearful of emotional displays in the classroom. Rather than encouraging healthy outlets for emotional expression, teachers prefer to force students and themselves to bottle up emotions.

Naturalist IntelligenceNaturalist Intelligence

“To observe patterns in nature, identify and classify objects, and understand natural and human made systems.”

Farmers, botanists, hunters, ecologists, and landscapers are naturally inclined to use this intelligence.

Nature is All Around Us

Develop a “big picture” mentality in students.

The word museum actually means a place of inspiration and study.

ManilaOceanPark

Reporter:Leah Flor Francia