Garden Insects of Central WADermaptera – Earwigs Garden Insect # 6 = Dermaptera • Simple...
Transcript of Garden Insects of Central WADermaptera – Earwigs Garden Insect # 6 = Dermaptera • Simple...
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Garden Insects of Central WA
Ø Ruth Hardison Ø Mike Bush Ø Master Gardener
Training- January 27, 2016
Photo courtesy- Susan Spain, Yakima Co. Master Gardener
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A Little Taxonomy
• Kingdom = Animal
§ Phylum = Arthropoda • Class = Insecta or Hexapoda
J. Brunner, WSU Wenatchee
M. Bush, WSU Extension
M. Bush, WSU Extension
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A Little Taxonomy
§ Order = Lepidoptera • Family = Tortricidae
• Genus = Cydia • Species = pomonella
Common name = Codling Moth!
J. Brunner, W
SU W
enatchee
M. Bush, WSU Extension
J. Brunner, WSU Wenatchee
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To Be or Not To Be An Insect?
• An exoskeleton “Suit of Armor”
• Three body segments § Head § Thorax § Abdomen
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How Not to Be An Insect!
Class Arachnida = Spiders (not Class Insecta)
2 body segments 4 pairs of legs
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Insect Metamorphosis
Ametabolous- None
An insect’s skeleton is on the outside so insects shed their “skeleton” between each growth stage!
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Insect Metamorphosis
Hemimetabolous or simple
Note that nymphs look like adults without wings
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Insect Metamorphosis
Holometabolous- Complex
Radical change in shape and function. Larvae specialized for feeding; adults for mating & dispersal.
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Collembola – Springtails
• Ametabolic metamorphosis
Garden Insect #1= Collembola
• Wingless with forked tail (they “spring” around)
• Primarily detritivores on soil surface, >1/8” long
• Moist situations M. Bush, WSU Extension
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Hemiptera – True Bugs
• Simple metamorphosis
Garden Insect #2 = Hemiptera
• Half- winged, sucking mouthparts,
• Sizes- 1/8 to ¾” long • Herbivores, predators, “vampires”.
M. Bush, WSU Extension B. Higbee, USDA-ARS
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Hemiptera – Aphids, Scale Insects, Whiteflies
Garden Insect #2 = Hemiptera • Simple metamorphosis
• Sucking mouthparts • Soft-bodied, many with
cornicles, size 1/16 to ¼” • Herbivores, disease
vectors M. Bush, WSU Extension, MG Clinic
M. Bush
M. Bush
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Orthoptera – Grasshoppers & crickets
Garden Insect #3 = Orthoptera • Simple metamorphosis
• Straight winged, legs for jumping, chewing mouthparts,
• Variable size- 5/8 to 1 ½” • Herbivores, Scavengers.
S. Spain, Yakima MG
M. Klaus, WSDA- Yakima
M. Bush, WSU-Extension
M. Bush, WSU-Extension
M. Bush
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Mantodea – Praying mantids
Garden Insect # 4 = Mantodea • Simple metamorphosis
• Raptorial front legs, chewing mouthparts
• Large- 1- 4” long • Insect PREDATORS
G. Thompson, Yakima MG
M. Bush
D. Pieti, Yakima MG
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Thysanoptera – Thrips
Garden Insect # 5 = Thysanoptera • Simple metamorphosis • Fringed wings, rasping
mouthparts • Minute- 1/16-1/8” • Herbivores, • Pests
G. Thompson, Yakima MG
Photos- M. Bush, WSU Extension
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Dermaptera – Earwigs
Garden Insect # 6 = Dermaptera • Simple metamorphosis
• Skin-like wings, forceps-like cerci • Size = ½ to ¾ inches long
• Omnivores- feed on soft bodied arthropods & leaf/fruit tissues
• Nuisance- congregate in dark damp areas.
Bottom photos- M. Bush, WSU Extension
Photo- B. Beers, WSU
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Garden Insects # 7 Diptera
• Adults with sponging, piercing/sucking mouthparts.
• Complete metamorphosis
• “Two” wings; 1/16 to 1” long
M. Bush, WSU Extension
M. Bush, WSU Extension
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Garden Insects # 7 Diptera
• Complete metamorphosis • Larvae = maggots • Mostly found in
aquatic or moist habitats
Photos- M. Bush, WSU Extension
Photos- M. Klaus, WSDA
Photo- E. Beers, WSU Wenatchee
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Garden Insects # 8- Hymenoptera • Complete metamorphosis • 4 wings, size= 1/16 to 1.5” long • Narrow waste • Chewing mouthparts • Modified abdomen • Solitary/social • Predators, parasites &
herbivores
Photos- M. Bush, WSU Extension
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Garden Insects # 8- Hymenoptera • Complete metamorphosis • Solitary/social • Predators, parasites &
herbivores
Photos- M. Bush, WSU Extension
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Garden Insects #9 Neuroptera • Complete metamorphosis • Nerve-winged (Lots of
wing veins) • Size 3/8- 1 ¼” long • Predators
Photos- M. Bush, WSU Extension Photo- BugGuide
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Garden Insects #9 Neuroptera • Complete metamorphosis • Immatures are • All predators
Photos- M. Bush, WSU Extension
Photo- E. Beers, WSU
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• Well developed wings with forewing hard & meeting in line down middle of back
• Chewing mouthparts • Predators, herbivore,
crop pests
Garden Insect #10= Beetles
• Complex metamorphosis
• Variable size- • 1/16 to 2 ½”
long
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• Well developed wings with forewing hard & meeting in line down middle of back
• Chewing mouthparts • Predators, herbivore,
crop pests
Garden Insect #10= Beetles
• Complex metamorphosis
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• Well developed wings with minute scales
• Siphoning mouthparts • Adults are pollinators &
beautifully harmless
Garden Insect #11= Butterfly & Moth
• Complex metamorphosis
• Size variable ¼ to 8” long
Photo- George Bush
Photo- Sue Spain Yakima MG M. Bush
Photos by M. Bush
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• Larvae evolve to eat; thus our most serious crop & plants pests are from this order.
Garden Insect #11= Butterfly & Moth
• Complex metamorphosis
D. Kroon, Yakima MG
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Conclusion
• Conclusion- It is not just
about flowers and food, your garden is full of herbivores, detritivores, predators and occasionally “bugs!”
Photo- P. Shearer, OR State U
Photo- J. Loyd, WSU Extension
M. Bush