The construction of Super High-rise Composite Structures ...
Galaxies and Super structures
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Transcript of Galaxies and Super structures
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GALAXIES AND SUPER STRUCTURES
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Hubble Deep Field
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What are galaxies? Galaxies are systems made up of stars,
gas, and dust. All galaxies have a center of mass that its
stars orbit around. Galaxies can have from around ten
million stars to a hundred trillion stars. In 1999 the Hubble telescope estimated
the total number of galaxies in the visible universe at 125 billion. http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/021127a.html
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Galaxy Shapes
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Elliptical Galaxy M87
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Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4649
http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/category/galaxies.html
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Galaxy ShapesElliptical (E0-E7)
Elliptical galaxies can range from nearly round to flatter, football-like shapes.
Elliptical galaxies are appear to be made up of older stars and have low rates of new star formation.
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Whirlpool Galaxy
http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/category/galaxies.html
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Spiral Galaxy M101
http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/category/galaxies.html
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Galaxy ShapesSpiral (Sa, Sb, Sc)
• Spiral galaxies have the following characteristics:• A flat, rotating disc of (mostly newly created)
stars and interstellar matter• A central stellar bulge of mainly older stars,
which resembles an elliptical galaxy• A supermassive black hole at the very center
of the central bulge • Arms of stars radiating out from the central
bulge.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_galaxy
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Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 2903
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NGC_2903_GALEX.jpg
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Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hubble2005-01-barred-spiral-galaxy-NGC1300.jpg
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Galaxy ShapesBarred Spiral (Sba, SBb, SBc)
Rather than a bulge, barred spirals have a bar shape in their centers.
The bar of barred spiral galaxies is thought to be the birthplace for new stars.
The Milky Way is a barred spiral.
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Hoag’s Object (Ring Galaxy)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hoag%27s_object.jpg
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NGC 5866 (Lenticular Galaxy)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:File-Ngc5866_hst_big.png
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Colliding GalaxiesAntennae Galaxies
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Galaxy ShapesIrregular
Although most galaxies in the universe are elliptical or spiral, some have irregular shapes.
Galaxies with irregular shapes are thought make up about ¼ of all galaxies.
These galaxies shapes are thought to be caused by gravitational forces of larger neighboring galaxies.
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What are Super Structures?
Super structures are clusters and superclusters of galaxies.
Clusters and superclusters form large, orderly structures called filaments and walls.