GAC Filters for More Than Just TOC Removal · 2018-04-02 · • Cationic DADMAC Polymer prior to...

2/18/2014

1

1

GAC Filters for More

Than Just TOC Removal

City of Phoenix

Brian Fayle

Deer Valley and 24th Street WTP’s

• Excellent Filtered Water Turbidity…providing the filter influent zeta potential is optimized

• Good for Short Term TOC Reductions

• Great for Long Term Chlorite Reductions

• Great for Long Term THM Reductions in the Reservoir Effluent and Distribution System When Practicing Pre-Oxidation

Benefits of GAC Filters

2/18/2014

2

3

Initial Implementation of GAC Filters

at the Deer Valley WTP Was Not Easy

• Deer Valley Started up Brand New Actiflo and GAC Filter Processes Simultaneously.

• Actiflo Effluent Filterability Issues

• Actiflo Anionic Polyacrylamide Polymer Created Extreme Negatively Charged Effluent, which caused High Filter Effluent Turbidity.

• Actiflo Cationic Polyacrylamide Polymer Created Excellent Filtered Water Turbidity, but Caused Extreme Filter Plugging Problems.

• Actiflo Effluent Ideal Chemical Combination

• Cationic DADMAC Polymer (Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride) Prior to Actifo, Anionic Emulsion Actiflo Polymer, and Post Actiflo Ferric

Deer Valley WTP GAC Filter Effluent NTU's at Start Up of Actiflo Process The Anionic Polymer Created Poorly Filterable Negatively Charged Water

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

11/14/10

7:0

0 AM

11/14/10

7:3

0 AM

11/14/10

8:0

0 AM

11/14/10

8:3

0 AM

11/14/10

9:0

0 AM

11/14/10

9:3

0 AM

11/14/10

10:

00 A

M

11/14/10

10:

30 A

M

11/14/10

11:

00 A

M

11/14/10

11:

30 A

M

11/14/10

12:

00 P

M

NT

U's

Filter

1

Filter

2

Filter

3

Filter

4

Actiflo Chemicals:Anionic Emulsion Polymer

Ferric Chloride 35 ppm

Filter Aid:Ferric Chloride 3 ppm

Start Up

Actiflo

Bypassing Filters

7 AM - 8:15 AM

Plant Shutdown

Due to

High Filter

Effluent NTU's

4

2/18/2014

3

Deer Valley Daily Average NTU

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

1/1

/11

1/3

0/1

1

2/2

8/1

1

3/2

9/1

1

4/2

7/1

1

5/2

6/1

1

6/2

5/1

1

7/2

4/1

1

8/2

2/1

1

9/2

0/1

1

10/1

9/1

1

11/1

7/1

1

12/1

7/1

1

1/1

5/1

2

2/1

3/1

2

3/1

3/1

2

4/1

1/1

2

5/1

0/1

2

6/9

/12

7/8

/12

8/6

/12

9/4

/12

10/3

/12

11/1

/12

12/1

/12

12/3

0/1

2

1/2

8/1

3

2/2

6/1

3

3/2

7/1

3

4/2

5/1

3

5/2

5/1

3

6/2

3/1

3

7/2

2/1

3

8/2

0/1

3

9/1

8/1

3

10/1

7/1

3

11/1

6/1

3

Co

mb

Flt

Eff

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

Co

mb

Flt

In

f

Comb Flt Eff

Daily Average

NTU

Comb Flt Inf

Daily Average

NTU

5

Deer Valley Hourly NTU’s During a Turbidity Event GAC Filters Can Limit Turbidity Breakthrough

if Zeta Potentials are Optimized

0.05

0.07

0.09

0.11

0.13

0.15

0.17

0.19

0.21

9/1

0/1

3 1

0:0

0 P

M

9/1

1/1

3 1

2:0

0 A

M

9/1

1/1

3 2

:00

AM

9/1

1/1

3 4

:00

AM

9/1

1/1

3 6

:00

AM

9/1

1/1

3 8

:00

AM

9/1

1/1

3 1

0:0

0 A

M

9/1

1/1

3 1

2:0

0 P

M

9/1

1/1

3 2

:00

PM

9/1

1/1

3 4

:00

PM

9/1

1/1

3 6

:00

PM

9/1

1/1

3 8

:00

PM

9/1

1/1

3 1

0:0

0 P

M

9/1

2/1

3 1

2:0

0 A

M

9/1

2/1

3 2

:00

AM

9/1

2/1

3 4

:00

AM

9/1

2/1

3 6

:00

AM

9/1

2/1

3 8

:00

AM

9/1

2/1

3 1

0:0

0 A

M

9/1

2/1

3 1

2:0

0 P

M

9/1

2/1

3 2

:00

PM

9/1

2/1

3 4

:00

PM

9/1

2/1

3 6

:00

PM

9/1

2/1

3 8

:00

PM

9/1

2/1

3 1

0:0

0 P

M

Co

mb

Flt

Eff

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Co

mb

Flt

In

f

Comb Flt

Eff

NTU

Comb Flt

Inf

NTU

6

2/18/2014

4

24th Street Daily Average NTU

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

1/1

/20

12

2/1

/20

12

3/1

/20

12

4/1

/20

12

5/1

/20

12

6/1

/20

12

7/1

/20

12

8/1

/20

12

9/1

/20

12

10

/1/2

01

2

11

/1/2

01

2

12

/1/2

01

2

1/1

/20

13

2/1

/20

13

3/1

/20

13

4/1

/20

13

5/1

/20

13

6/1

/20

13

7/1

/20

13

8/1

/20

13

9/1

/20

13

10

/1/2

01

3

11

/1/2

01

3

Co

mb

Flt

Eff

-0.10

0.10

0.30

0.50

0.70

0.90

1.10

1.30

Co

mb

Flt

In

f

Comb Flt

Eff

NTU

Comb Flt

Inf

NTU

7

• Turbidity Breakthrough Possible–Very Negative Zeta

• Ferric and Anionic Polyacrylamide Polymer at Actiflo

• Additional Ferric On Filters

• Extremely Plugged Filters

• Ferric and Cationic Polyacrylamide Polymer at Actiflo

• Finally Figured It Out – Good Turbidity Removal and Filter Run Times

• Cationic DADMAC Polymer prior to Actiflo to help Zeta P.

• Ferric and Anionic Polyacrylamide Polymer at Actiflo

• Additional Ferric On Filters

Turbidity Recap

Actiflo and GAC Filters

2/18/2014

5

Deer Valley WTP GAC Media TOC Exhaustion Curve

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

2.25

2.50

2.75

3.00

3.25

3.50

3.75

4.00

4.252

/9/2

01

1

3/9

/20

11

4/9

/20

11

5/9

/20

11

6/9

/20

11

7/9

/20

11

8/9

/20

11

9/9

/20

11

10

/9/2

01

1

11

/9/2

01

1

12

/9/2

01

1

1/9

/20

12

2/9

/20

12

3/9

/20

12

4/9

/20

12

5/9

/20

12

6/9

/20

12

7/9

/20

12

8/9

/20

12

9/9

/20

12

10

/9/2

01

2

11

/9/2

01

2

12

/9/2

01

2

1/9

/20

13

2/9

/20

13

3/9

/20

13

4/9

/20

13

5/9

/20

13

6/9

/20

13

7/9

/20

13

8/9

/20

13

9/9

/20

13

10

/9/2

01

3

11

/9/2

01

3

Sand

Ballasted

Flocculation

Eff

TOC

PPM

Combined

Filter Eff

TOC

PPM

Plant

Shutdown

GAC Filters Exhausted at

7.5 Months

(117 Average Filter Run

Days)

Placed 4 Regenerated

Filters in Service at

216 Average Filter

Run Days

2 On-line at a Time

(2 Duty

2 Standby)

Placed 2 Regenerated

Filters in Service at

363 Average Filter

Run Days

1 On-line at a Time

(1 Duty

1 Standby)

9

Deer Valley WTP – 4 Regen Filters Placed In Service .31 PPM TOC Reduction

1.57

1.88

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

2.25

2.50

2.75

3.00

3.25

3.50

3.75

4.00

4.25

4.50

4.75

5.00

5.25

5.50

5.75

6.00

6.25

8/1

5/2

01

2

8/1

6/2

01

2

8/1

7/2

01

2

8/1

8/2

01

2

8/1

9/2

01

2

8/2

0/2

01

2

8/2

1/2

01

2

8/2

2/2

01

2

8/2

3/2

01

2

8/2

4/2

01

2

8/2

5/2

01

2

8/2

6/2

01

2

8/2

7/2

01

2

8/2

8/2

01

2

8/2

9/2

01

2

8/3

0/2

01

2

8/3

1/2

01

2

9/1

/20

12

9/2

/20

12

9/3

/20

12

9/4

/20

12

9/5

/20

12

9/6

/20

12

9/7

/20

12

9/8

/20

12

9/9

/20

12

9/1

0/2

01

2

9/1

1/2

01

2

9/1

2/2

01

2

9/1

3/2

01

2

9/1

4/2

01

2

9/1

5/2

01

2

Sand BallastedFlocculationEffTOCPPM

CombinedFilter EffTOCPPM

Raw TOCPlaced 4 Regenerated Filters in Service at

216 Average Filter Run Days

2 On-line at a Time

2 Duty - 2 Standby

.31 ppm TOC Reduction

10

2/18/2014

6

Deer Valley WTP – 2 Regen Filters Placed In Service .21 PPM TOC Reduction

2.12

2.33

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

2.25

2.50

2.75

3.00

3.25

3.50

3.75

4.00

4.25

4.50

4.75

10/1

/2013

10/2

/2013

10/3

/2013

10/4

/2013

10/5

/2013

10/6

/2013

10/7

/2013

10/8

/2013

10/9

/2013

10/1

0/2

013

10/1

1/2

013

10/1

2/2

013

10/1

3/2

013

10/1

4/2

013

10/1

5/2

013

10/1

6/2

013

10/1

7/2

013

10/1

8/2

013

10/1

9/2

013

10/2

0/2

013

10/2

1/2

013

10/2

2/2

013

10/2

3/2

013

10/2

4/2

013

10/2

5/2

013

10/2

6/2

013

10/2

7/2

013

10/2

8/2

013

10/2

9/2

013

10/3

0/2

013

10/3

1/2

013

SandBallastedFlocculationEffTOCPPM

CombinedFilter EffTOCPPM

Raw TOCPlaced 2 Regenerated Filters in Service

at 363 Average Filter Run Days

1 On-line at a Time

(1 Duty - 1 Standy)

.21 ppm TOC Reduction

Increased Ferric

from 20 to 30

ppm for better

TOC removal

11

24th Street WTP GAC Media TOC Exhaustion Curve

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

2.25

2.50

2.75

3.00

3.25

3.50

3.75

2/7

/12

3/7

/12

4/7

/12

5/7

/12

6/7

/12

7/7

/12

8/7

/12

9/7

/12

10/7

/12

11/7

/12

12/7

/12

1/7

/13

2/7

/13

3/7

/13

4/7

/13

5/7

/13

6/7

/13

7/7

/13

8/7

/13

9/7

/13

10/7

/13

11/7

/13

Final Sed

Eff

TOC

PPM

Comb.

Filter Eff

TOC

PPMGAC Filters Exhausted

from a TOC Removal

Perspective at 4.5 Months

12

2/18/2014

7

• All 18 of Deer Valley’s GAC Filters Were Considered Exhausted from a TOC Removal Perspective at 7.5 Calendar Months. (117 average filter run days based on actual filtration time)

• All 16 of 24th Street’s GAC Filters Were Considered Exhausted from a TOC Removal Perspective at 4.5 Calendar Months.

TOC Recap

Deer Valley WTP GAC Media Chlorite Exhaustion Curve

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

2/9

/20

11

3/9

/20

11

4/9

/20

11

5/9

/20

11

6/9

/20

11

7/9

/20

11

8/9

/20

11

9/9

/20

11

10

/9/2

01

1

11

/9/2

01

1

12

/9/2

01

1

1/9

/20

12

2/9

/20

12

3/9

/20

12

4/9

/20

12

5/9

/20

12

6/9

/20

12

7/9

/20

12

8/9

/20

12

9/9

/20

12

10

/9/2

01

2

11

/9/2

01

2

12

/9/2

01

2

1/9

/20

13

2/9

/20

13

3/9

/20

13

4/9

/20

13

5/9

/20

13

6/9

/20

13

7/9

/20

13

8/9

/20

13

9/9

/20

13

10

/9/2

01

3

11

/9/2

01

3

Sand Ballasted

Flocculation Eff

Chlorite

PPM

Combined

Filter Eff

Chlorite

PPM

EPDS

Chlorite

PPM

Plant

Shutdown

Increased

Chlorine Dioxide Dose

Placed 4 Regenerated Filters

Inservice - 2 Duty - 2 Standby

Placed 2 Regenerated Filters

Inservice - 1 Duty - 1 Standby

Zoomed in View

on Next Slide

Chlorite Exhaustion Curve

Levels of after 18 Months

Excluding Plant Shutdowns

14

2/18/2014

8

Deer Valley WTP - Filter Eff and EPDS Chlorite Residuals go to Zero When Chlorite Applied to the GAC Media Goes to Zero

GAC Media Does NOT Leach Chlorite

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.79

/9/1

3

9/1

0/1

3

9/1

1/1

3

9/1

2/1

3

9/1

3/1

3

9/1

4/1

3

9/1

5/1

3

9/1

6/1

3

9/1

7/1

3

9/1

8/1

3

9/1

9/1

3

9/2

0/1

3

9/2

1/1

3

9/2

2/1

3

9/2

3/1

3

9/2

4/1

3

9/2

5/1

3

9/2

6/1

3

9/2

7/1

3

9/2

8/1

3

9/2

9/1

3

9/3

0/1

3

10

/1/1

3

10

/2/1

3

10

/3/1

3

10

/4/1

3

Sand Ballasted

Flocculation Eff

Chlorite

PPM

Combined

Filter Eff

Chlorite

PPM

EPDS

Chlorite

PPM

15

24th Street WTP GAC Media Chlorite Exhaustion Curve

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

2/7

/12

3/7

/12

4/7

/12

5/7

/12

6/7

/12

7/7

/12

8/7

/12

9/7

/12

10

/7/1

2

11

/7/1

2

12

/7/1

2

1/7

/13

2/7

/13

3/7

/13

4/7

/13

5/7

/13

6/7

/13

7/7

/13

8/7

/13

9/7

/13

10

/7/1

3

11

/7/1

3

Final Sed

Eff

Chlorite

PPM

EPDS

Chlorite

PPM

GAC Filters Chlorite Adsorption

Levels Off at 10 Months

16

2/18/2014

9

• Deer Valley’s GAC Media Still Removes Chlorite from

.6 to less than .2 ppm After 27 Months of Usage (6

regenerations)

• 24th Street’s GAC Media Still Removes Chlorite from .6

to less than .3 ppm After 20 Months of Usage (0

regenerations)

• Once the Applied Chlorite on top of the GAC Media is

Removed, the Chlorite Leaving the GAC Media is

Removed (GAC does not leach chlorite)

Chlorite Recap

• 30% - 40% THM Reductions at the Reservoir Effluent as Well as the Far Reaches of the Distribution System.

• Iron / Manganese Oxidation Prior to Filtration

• Very Economical

• Can Reduce GAC Regeneration Frequency (Big $)

---THM Reduction Intro---

Why are Municipalities Starting to Use

Pre-chlorination / Pre-oxidation Prior to

GAC

2/18/2014

10

2012 DV & 24th Street Mixed Oxidants Off - On - Off and Corresponding Distribution System TTHM's

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

6/1

8/1

2

6/2

2/1

2

6/2

6/1

2

6/3

0/1

2

7/4

/12

7/8

/12

7/1

2/1

2

7/1

6/1

2

7/2

0/1

2

7/2

4/1

2

7/2

8/1

2

8/1

/12

8/5

/12

8/9

/12

8/1

3/1

2

8/1

7/1

2

8/2

1/1

2

TT

HM

's

24th

EPDS

0 Hour

TTHM'sDV

0 Hour

TTHM

Site

620

Site

20

Site

910

Site

1060

Site

1350

Site

1040

Site

950

Mixed

Oxidants

OFF

Mixed

Oxidants

ON

Mixed

Oxidants

OFF

Mixed

Oxidants

ON

2013 DV & 24th Street Mixed Oxidants On - Off - On and Corresponding Distribution System TTHM's

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

5/1

/13

5/5

/13

5/9

/13

5/1

3/1

3

5/1

7/1

3

5/2

1/1

3

5/2

5/1

3

5/2

9/1

3

6/2

/13

6/6

/13

6/1

0/1

3

6/1

4/1

3

6/1

8/1

3

6/2

2/1

3

6/2

6/1

3

6/3

0/1

3

7/4

/13

7/8

/13

7/1

2/1

3

7/1

6/1

3

7/2

0/1

3

7/2

4/1

3

7/2

8/1

3

8/1

/13

TT

HM

's

24th0 HourTHM's

DV0 HourTTHM

Site1060

Site1350

Site1040

Site950

Site980

Mixed

Oxidants

ON

Chlorine

Dioxide

OnlyMixed

Oxidants

ON

24th PAC OFF / Ferric 10ppm

2/18/2014

11

Deer Valley 2011 TTHM's Mixed Oxidants vs Chlorine Dioxide Bt Itself

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

402

/10

/11

2/2

4/1

1

3/1

0/1

1

3/2

4/1

1

4/7

/11

4/2

1/1

1

5/5

/11

5/1

9/1

1

6/2

/11

6/1

6/1

1

6/3

0/1

1

7/1

4/1

1

7/2

8/1

1

8/1

1/1

1

8/2

5/1

1

9/8

/11

9/2

2/1

1

10

/6/1

1

10

/20

/11

11

/3/1

1

11

/17

/11

SBF EffTTHM

Comb FltEffTTHM

EPDSTTHM

EPDSTemp

Chlorine Dioxide

Upstream of GAC

Chlorine and

Chlorine Dioxide

Upstream of GAC

21

Deer Valley GAC Filters 2011 - 2013 THM Breakthrough Curve GAC Media Still Continues to Remove THM’s

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

8/1

9/1

1

9/1

9/1

1

10

/19

/11

11

/19

/11

12

/19

/11

1/1

9/1

2

2/1

9/1

2

3/1

9/1

2

4/1

9/1

2

5/1

9/1

2

6/1

9/1

2

7/1

9/1

2

8/1

9/1

2

9/1

9/1

2

10

/19

/12

11

/19

/12

12

/19

/12

1/1

9/1

3

2/1

9/1

3

3/1

9/1

3

4/1

9/1

3

5/1

9/1

3

6/1

9/1

3

7/1

9/1

3

8/1

9/1

3

9/1

9/1

3

10

/19

/13

11

/19

/13

Sand

Ballasted

Flocculation

Effluent

TTHM

GAC Eff

EPDS

TTHM's

Raw

Water

Temp

Plant Shutdown

22

2/18/2014

12

Deer Valley GAC Filters 2011 THM Breakthrough Curve

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

408/1

9/1

1

8/2

6/1

1

9/2

/11

9/9

/11

9/1

6/1

1

9/2

3/1

1

9/3

0/1

1

10/7

/11

10/1

4/1

1

10/2

1/1

1

10/2

8/1

1

11/4

/11

11/1

1/1

1

11/1

8/1

1

11/2

5/1

1

Sand

Ballasted

Flocculation

Effluent

TTHM

GAC Eff

EPDS

TTHM's

Raw

Water

Temp

ON

OFF

ON

OFF

Mixed Oxidant Cycles Chlorine

Only

Mixed

Oxidants

ON

Mixed

Oxidants

OFF

Mixed Oxidants

ON

Mixed Oxidants

OFF the Last

Day

23

Deer Valley GAC Filters 2012 THM Breakthrough Curve

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

4/1

1/1

2

4/2

5/1

2

5/9

/12

5/2

3/1

2

6/6

/12

6/2

0/1

2

7/4

/12

7/1

8/1

2

8/1

/12

8/1

5/1

2

8/2

9/1

2

9/1

2/1

2

9/2

6/1

2

10

/10

/12

10

/24

/12

11

/7/1

2

11

/21

/12

12

/5/1

2

12

/19

/12

Sand

Ballasted

Flocculation

Effluent

TTHM

GAC Eff

EPDS

TTHM's

Raw

Water

Temp

ON

OFF

ON

OFF

ON

Mixed Oxidant Status Off

24

2/18/2014

13

Deer Valley's GAC Filters 2013 THM Breakthrough Curve

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

452

/7/1

3

2/2

1/1

3

3/7

/13

3/2

1/1

3

4/4

/13

4/1

8/1

3

5/2

/13

5/1

6/1

3

5/3

0/1

3

6/1

3/1

3

6/2

7/1

3

7/1

1/1

3

7/2

5/1

3

8/8

/13

8/2

2/1

3

9/5

/13

9/1

9/1

3

10

/3/1

3

10

/17

/13

10

/31

/13

11

/14

/13

Sand

Ballasted

Flocculation

Effluent

TTHM

GAC Eff

TTHM

EPDS

TTHM

Raw

Water

Temp

ON

1:1

ClO2

OnlyON

1:1

Cl2

Only

ON

1:1

Mixed Oxidant Status

Plant

Shut

Down

ON

1:1

ON

1.5 : 1

25

Typical TOC, Chlorite, Chlorine, and THM's Applied to GAC Media

While Practicing Pre-Oxidation / Mixed Oxidants

PPM, 2.6

PPM, 0.63

PPM, 0.15

PPM, 0.01

TOC Chlorite

Chlorine THM's

26

2/18/2014

14

24th Street GAC Filters 2012 through 2013 THM Breakthrough Curve GAC Media Will Leach THM's - Unlike Chlorite

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

600

5/1

0/1

2

06

/10

/12

07

/10

/12

08

/10

/12

09

/10

/12

10

/10

/12

11

/10

/12

12

/10

/12

01

/10

/13

02

/10

/13

03

/10

/13

04

/10

/13

05

/10

/13

06

/10

/13

07

/10

/13

08

/10

/13

09

/10

/13

10

/10

/13

PP

B

Final Sed Eff

Total THM

Comb Flt Eff

Total THM

EPDS

Total THM

27

24th Street EPDS THM Speciations Under Mixed Oxidant, Ferric Chloride, & PAC Variations

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

4/2

/13

4/9

/13

4/1

6/1

3

4/2

3/1

3

4/3

0/1

3

5/7

/13

5/1

4/1

3

5/2

1/1

3

5/2

8/1

3

6/4

/13

6/1

1/1

3

6/1

8/1

3

6/2

5/1

3

7/2

/13

7/9

/13

7/1

6/1

3

7/2

3/1

3

7/3

0/1

3

8/6

/13

PP

B

EPDS

Total THM

EPDS

Bromodichloromethane

EPDS

Dibromochloromethane

EPDS

Bromoform

EPDS

Chloroform

Mixed Oxidants

(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)

Ferric at 20 ppm

PAC at 7 ppm

Mixed Oxidants OFF

(ClO2 by itself)

Cut Ferric 20 to 10 ppm

Turned PAC OFF

Mixed

Oxidants

Back

ON

Ferric 10

PAC OFF

Mixed Oxidants

Still ON

Increased Ferric

from 10 to 20 ppm

Turned PAC ON

at 7 ppm

28

2/18/2014

15

24th Street Chloroform through Plant Process Chloroform No Longer Removed through GAC – Small Impact on EPDS THM’s

0

5

10

15

20

25

4/2

/13

4/9

/13

4/1

6/1

3

4/2

3/1

3

4/3

0/1

3

5/7

/13

5/1

4/1

3

5/2

1/1

3

5/2

8/1

3

6/4

/13

6/1

1/1

3

6/1

8/1

3

6/2

5/1

3

7/2

/13

7/9

/13

7/1

6/1

3

7/2

3/1

3

7/3

0/1

3

8/6

/13

PP

B

Final Sed Eff

Chloroform

Comb Flt Eff

Chloroform

EPDS

Chloroform

Mixed Oxidants

(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)

Ferric at 20 ppm

PAC at 7 ppm

Mixed Oxidants OFF

(ClO2 by itself)


Turned PAC OFF

Mixed

Oxidants

Back

ON

Ferric 10

PAC OFF

Mixed Oxidants

Still ON

Increased Ferric

from 10 to 20 ppm

Turned PAC ON

at 7 ppm

29

24th Street - Chloroform Percentage of TTHM Through Process EPDS Chloroform Percentage Changed Due to Mixed Oxidants vs ClO2 Bt Itself

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

4/2

/13

4/9

/13

4/1

6/1

3

4/2

3/1

3

4/3

0/1

3

5/7

/13

5/1

4/1

3

5/2

1/1

3

5/2

8/1

3

6/4

/13

6/1

1/1

3

6/1

8/1

3

6/2

5/1

3

7/2

/13

7/9

/13

7/1

6/1

3

7/2

3/1

3

7/3

0/1

3

8/6

/13

Ind

ivid

ua

l T

HM

Pe

rc

en

t o

f T

ota

l T

HM

Final Sed Eff

Chloroform

Comb Flt Eff

Chloroform

EPDS

Chloroform

Mixed Oxidants

(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)

Ferric at 20 ppm

PAC at 7 ppm

Mixed Oxidants OFF

(ClO2 by itself)


Turned PAC OFF

Mixed

Oxidants

Back

ON

Ferric 10

PAC OFF

Mixed Oxidants

Still ON

Increased Ferric

from 10 to 20 ppm

Turned PAC ON

at 7 ppm

30

2/18/2014

16

24th Street Bromoform through Plant Process Bromoform is Still Removed through GAC – But Small Impact on EPDS THM’s

0

5

10

15

20

25

4/2

/13

4/9

/13

4/1

6/1

3

4/2

3/1

3

4/3

0/1

3

5/7

/13

5/1

4/1

3

5/2

1/1

3

5/2

8/1

3

6/4

/13

6/1

1/1

3

6/1

8/1

3

6/2

5/1

3

7/2

/13

7/9

/13

7/1

6/1

3

7/2

3/1

3

7/3

0/1

3

8/6

/13

PP

B

Final Sed Eff

Bromoform

Comb Flt Eff

Bromoform

EPDS

Bromoform

Mixed Oxidants

(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)

Ferric at 20 ppm

PAC at 7 ppm

Mixed Oxidants OFF

(ClO2 by itself)


Turned PAC OFF

Mixed

Oxidants

Back

ON

Ferric 10

PAC OFF

Mixed Oxidants

Still ON

Increased Ferric

from 10 to 20 ppm

Turned PAC ON

at 7 ppm

31

24th Street - Bromoform Percentage of TTHM Through Process EPDS Bromoform Percentage Mainly Unchanged

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

4/2

/13

4/9

/13

4/1

6/1

3

4/2

3/1

3

4/3

0/1

3

5/7

/13

5/1

4/1

3

5/2

1/1

3

5/2

8/1

3

6/4

/13

6/1

1/1

3

6/1

8/1

3

6/2

5/1

3

7/2

/13

7/9

/13

7/1

6/1

3

7/2

3/1

3

7/3

0/1

3

8/6

/13

Ind

ivid

ua

l T

HM

Pe

rc

en

t o

f T

ota

l T

HM

Final Sed Eff

Bromoform

Comb Flt Eff

Bromoform

EPDS

Bromoform

Mixed Oxidants

(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)

Ferric at 20 ppm

PAC at 7 ppm

Mixed Oxidants OFF

(ClO2 by itself)


Turned PAC OFF

Mixed

Oxidants

Back

ON

Ferric 10

PAC OFF

Mixed Oxidants

Still ON

Increased Ferric

from 10 to 20 ppm

Turned PAC ON

at 7 ppm

32

2/18/2014

17

24th Street Bromodichloromethane through Plant Process Bromodichloro is No Longer Removed through GAC – But it has a Large Impact on

EPDS THM’s

0

5

10

15

20

254

/2/1

3

4/9

/13

4/1

6/1

3

4/2

3/1

3

4/3

0/1

3

5/7

/13

5/1

4/1

3

5/2

1/1

3

5/2

8/1

3

6/4

/13

6/1

1/1

3

6/1

8/1

3

6/2

5/1

3

7/2

/13

7/9

/13

7/1

6/1

3

7/2

3/1

3

7/3

0/1

3

8/6

/13

PP

B

Final Sed Eff


Comb Flt Eff


EPDS


Mixed Oxidants

(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)

Ferric at 20 ppm

PAC at 7 ppm

Mixed Oxidants OFF

(ClO2 by itself)


Turned PAC OFF

Mixed

Oxidants

Back

ON

Ferric 10

PAC OFF

Mixed Oxidants

Still ON

Increased Ferric

from 10 to 20 ppm

Turned PAC ON

at 7 ppm

33

24th Street - Bromodichloromethane Percentage of TTHM Through Process EPDS Bromodichloro Percentage Mainly Unchanged

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

4/2

/13

4/9

/13

4/1

6/1

3

4/2

3/1

3

4/3

0/1

3

5/7

/13

5/1

4/1

3

5/2

1/1

3

5/2

8/1

3

6/4

/13

6/1

1/1

3

6/1

8/1

3

6/2

5/1

3

7/2

/13

7/9

/13

7/1

6/1

3

7/2

3/1

3

7/3

0/1

3

8/6

/13

Ind

ivid

ua

l T

HM

Pe

rc

en

t o

f T

ota

l T

HM

Final Sed Eff


Comb Flt Eff


EPDS


Mixed Oxidants

(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)

Ferric at 20 ppm

PAC at 7 ppm

Mixed Oxidants OFF

(ClO2 by itself)


Turned PAC OFF

Mixed

Oxidants

Back

ON

Ferric 10

PAC OFF

Mixed Oxidants

Still ON

Increased Ferric

from 10 to 20 ppm

Turned PAC ON

at 7 ppm

34

2/18/2014

18

24th Street Dibromochloromethane through Plant Process Dibromochloro is Still Removed through GAC – And has the Largest Impact on

EPDS THM’s

0

5

10

15

20

254

/2/1

3

4/9

/13

4/1

6/1

3

4/2

3/1

3

4/3

0/1

3

5/7

/13

5/1

4/1

3

5/2

1/1

3

5/2

8/1

3

6/4

/13

6/1

1/1

3

6/1

8/1

3

6/2

5/1

3

7/2

/13

7/9

/13

7/1

6/1

3

7/2

3/1

3

7/3

0/1

3

8/6

/13

PP

B

Final Sed Eff


Comb Flt Eff


EPDS


Mixed Oxidants

(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)

Ferric at 20 ppm

PAC at 7 ppm

Mixed Oxidants OFF

(ClO2 by itself)


Turned PAC OFF

Mixed

Oxidants

Back

ON

Ferric 10

PAC OFF

Mixed Oxidants

Still ON

Increased Ferric

from 10 to 20 ppm

Turned PAC ON

at 7 ppm

35

24th Street - Dibromochloromethane Percentage of TTHM Through Process EPDS Dibromochloro Percentage Changed Due to Mixed Oxidants vs ClO2 By Itself

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

4/2

/13

4/9

/13

4/1

6/1

3

4/2

3/1

3

4/3

0/1

3

5/7

/13

5/1

4/1

3

5/2

1/1

3

5/2

8/1

3

6/4

/13

6/1

1/1

3

6/1

8/1

3

6/2

5/1

3

7/2

/13

7/9

/13

7/1

6/1

3

7/2

3/1

3

7/3

0/1

3

8/6

/13

Ind

ivid

ual T

HM

Percen

t o

f T

ota

l T

HM Final Sed Eff


Comb Flt Eff


EPDS


Mixed Oxidants

(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)

Ferric at 20 ppm

PAC at 7 ppm

Mixed Oxidants OFF

(ClO2 by itself)


Turned PAC OFF

Mixed

Oxidants

Back

ON

Ferric 10

PAC OFF

Mixed Oxidants

Still ON

Increased Ferric

from 10 to 20 ppm

Turned PAC ON

at 7 ppm

36

2/18/2014

19

• 30% - 40% THM Reductions at the Reservoir Effluent as Well

as the Far Reaches of the Distribution System.

• Dibromochloromethane and Bromodichloromethane are

Reduced the Most.

• Dibromochloromethane and Chloroform Exchange Their

Percentage of the TTHM with Each Other. Chloroform Goes Up

and Dibromochloromethane Goes Down.

• GAC Media will leach THM’s – Unlike Chlorite

Recap - THM Reductions from Pre-

Oxidation Prior to GAC

A Special Thanks to the Deer Valley

and 24th Street Chemists

YuChu Hsu – Supervisor

• Shari Lange

• Dominique Ramirez

• Edna Bienz (retired)

• Tori Arnold

• Holly Bradley

• Abril Perez

• Allison Shepherd

2/18/2014

20

Statements of fact and opinion expressed are those of the author(s) and presenter(s).

AZ Water Association, AZAWWA and

AZWEA assume no responsibility for the content, nor do they represent official policy

of the Association.

Finish Line – Data Overload

Questions ???

GAC Filters for More Than Just TOC Removal · 2018-04-02 · • Cationic DADMAC Polymer prior to...

Documents

Transcript of GAC Filters for More Than Just TOC Removal · 2018-04-02 · • Cationic DADMAC Polymer prior to...