G048303 (Patients' Request for Judicial Notice) Modiano v. City of Anaheim (California Disabled...

7/27/2019 G048303 (Patients' Request for Judicial Notice) Modiano v. City of Anaheim (California Disabled Persons Act) Requ

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Kn.4 H


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PAUQA_V JNP DQFBOBEI KNVBOA

\atbtbnkars mara`y gnva tmbs Onurt jnr ek nrfar tecbkh dufbobei kntboa nj4

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Nrfar - FapertgaktnjJebr Agpinygakt ekfMnusbkh v.Iew _omnni Efgbssbnks Onukobi (A.F.OE 0


3/41

e fbjjarakt durbsfbotbnk (jafarei onurt) bk raspaot tn ek bssua bk tmbs oesa (b.a.bkonrpnretbnk nj gnra prntaotbva rbhmts ukfar OF\E ekf Qkrum _5(j)). VmaNrfar Hrektbkh bk \ert ekf Fakybkh Bk \ert Fajakfekt) s Gntbnk tn Fbsgbssjrng IE_O mes `aak bkoiufaf es Axmb`bt 5 wbtm tmbs Gntbnk pursuekt Puia=.010(e)(?).

BVAG #0Btag 0 bs e trua ekf onrraot onpy nj ek njjbobei pniboy gagnrekfug

wrbttak `y Faputy Q._. Ettnrkay Hakarei Degas G. Onia tn eii Q._. Ettnrkaysfetaf Euhust 02, 0


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ekf Xaiikass Oaktar) Bko. (0


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Bkiekf Agpbra \etbakts Maeitm ekf Xaiikass Oaktar) Bko., supre. Nk bts iest peha,tma nrfar bs sbhkaf `y jafarei dufha Ekfraw Hubijnrf ekf bs saij-eutmaktboetbkh.(_aa Oe. Av. Onfa 561?(e)3 Iee`s v. Obty njZbotnrvz"iia, (0


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A]MB@BV 5


7/41

=2: J _upp.0f =62 (0


8/41

BB. JE OVQEI & \PNOAFQPEI @EOCHPNQKFI_EO bs e knk-prnjbt gagàrsmbp nrhekbzetbnk èsaf bk \akksyivekbe tmet, egnkh ntmar tmbkhs,efgbkbstars tma Iew _omnni Efgbssbnks Vast (I_EV) tn prnspaotbva iew stufakts. Vma I_EV bs estekferfbzaf tast tmet aveiuetas pntaktbei iew somnni eppiboekts nk tmabr eoqubraf raefbkh ekfvarèi raesnkbkh scbiis. Ongpi. 55 6:. Vma tast onksbsts nj e èttary nj jbva saotbnks ieàiaf esabtmar raefbkh ongpramaksbnk, ekeiytboei raesnkbkh, nr inhboei raesnkbkh. Bf. 55 62. Aeom nj tmasajbva saotbnks onksbsts nj guitbpia-omnboa typa quastbnks, ekf tast-tecars era eiinttaf tmbrty-jbvagbkutas tn ongpiata aeom saotbnk. Bf. 5568. Vma tast eisn bkoiufas ek uksonraf tmbrty-jbva gbkutawrbttak ongpnkakt, wmbom I_EO jnrwerfs tn iew somnnis einkh wbtm e tast-tecar's sonras. Bf.FJAM's Ongpiebkt jnousas nk I_EO's preotboas bk prnvbfbkh tastbkh eoonggnfetbnks tn tasttecars wmn oiebg tn à fbseìaf. I_EO oiebgs tn onksobaktbnusiy aveiueta raquasts jnr tastbkheoonggnfetbnk tn aksura tmet "bkfbvbfueis wbtm `nke jbfa fbse`bibtbas raoabva eoonggnfetbnks,ekf tmet tmnsa wbtmnut fbse`bibtbas fn knt raoabva eoonggnfetbnks" wmbom onuif prnvbfa tmagwbtm ek ukjebr efvekteha nk tma axeg. Fajs Gntbnk (Fnocat Kn. 5?) et 0 (quntbkh \nwaii v. Ket'!@f . nj Gaf. Axegbkars, ?:6 J.?f 82. ==-=2 (0f Obr.0


9/41

Qpnk raoabvbkh tmasa ongpiebkts, ek bkvastbhetbnk tn esoartebk wmatmareiiahaf fakbei njjuii ekf eooass ejjaotaf e ierhar oiess njtast-tecars./f. ~ 05. Nk Duiy0


10/41

Ongpi. ,-r,-r 5=8-05:. FJAM `rnuhmt tma jbrst tmraa oeusas nj eotbnk nk àmeij nj eii oiessgagàrs, wmbia tma jnurtm ekf jbjtm oeusas nj eotbnks wara `rnuhmt nkiy nk àmeij nj tmasavaktaak kegaf piebktbjjs. Bf.I_EO jbiaf e gntbnk tn fbsgbss pursuekt tn Jaf.P.Obv.\. 50(`)(5) ekf 50(`)(:). I_EO essarts jbvaerhugakts jnr fbsgbssei4 (5) tmet FJAM ieocs durbsfbotbnk nvar tma su`daot gettar nj tmbs ibtbhetbnk,(0) tmet tma oiebgs essartaf bk FJAM's ongpiebkt jebi tn steta e oiebg ukfar Jaf. P.Obv.\.50(`)(:), (?) tmet oartebk raquastaf gnkay fegehas era ukevebieìa es e gettar nj steta iew, (6)tmet oartebk oiess-èsaf oiebgs oekknt à pursuaf es e gettar nj iew àoeusa FJAM jebiaf tnjniinw prnpar efgbkbstretbva prnoafura et aeribar stehas bk tmbs ibtbhetbnk, ekf (1) tmet Fnafajakfekts gust à fbsgbssaf jrng tma ongpiebkt àoeusa FJAM jebis tn piaef eky jeotsraherfbkh tmabr eiiahaf eotbnks nr bkeotbnks.Esbfa jrng tma \iebktbjjs ekf Fajakfekt's `rbajs nk tmbs gntbnk, twn effbtbnkei knk-pertbas tn tmbsibtbhetbnk meva jbiaf getarbeis wbtm tma Onurt raherfbkh I_EO's gntbnk4 tma Iahei Ebf _nobatyAgpinygakt Iew Oaktar (IE_-AIO) ekf tma Qkbtaf _tetas Fapertgakt nj Dustboa (FND), wmbomjbiaf e _tetagakt nj Bktarast bk tmbs gettar pursuekt tn 0= Q._.O. 158.BBB. FB_OQ__BNKE. Iahei _tekferf - Gntbnk tn FbsgbssQkfar Jafarei Puia nj Obvbi \rnoafura 50(`)(:), e perty gey gnva tn fbsgbss èsaf nk tma jebiuratn steta e oiebg upnk wmbom raibaj gey à hrektaf. _aa Jaf. P.Obv.\. 50(`)(:). E gntbnk tnfbsgbss èsaf nk Puia 50(`)(:) omeiiakhas tma iahei sujjbobakoy nj tma oiebgs eiiahaf. _aa \ercs_om . nj @us . v. _vgbkhtnk, 15 J.?f 56=


11/41

Eitmnuhm hakareiiy "e fbstrbot onurt gey knt onksbfar eky getarbei `aynkf tma piaefbkhs bk ruibkhnk e Puia 50(`)(:) gntbnk ," "getarbei wmbom bs prnpariy su`gbttaf es pert nj tma ongpiebkt gey `aonksbfaraf" nk suom e gntbnk. Mei Pneom _tufbns. Bko. v. Pbomerf Jabkar & On., =2: J.0f 5160,5111 k. 52 (2tm Obr.522


12/41

I_EO's gntbnk omeiiakhas FJAM's stetutnry eutmnrbty tn bkvastbheta nr jbia ongpiebkts bkvnivbkheoonggnfetbnk raquasts nk stekferfbzaf efgbssbnks tasts, ekf tn pursua oiebgs nj fbse`bibtyfbsorbgbketbnk tmet era knt jbrst eiiahaf bk e varbjbaf ongpiebkt raoabvaf `y tma ehakoy. I_EOerhuas tmet (5) FJAM ieocs stetutnry durbsfbotbnk tn essart oiebgs jnr fbse`bibty fbsorbgbketbnk tmetera knt axprassiy oraetaf ukfar 15 nj tma Oeibjnrkbe Obvbi Onfa, saa Faj's Gntbnk et =-5


13/41

tma fbraotbva nj tma Oeibjnrkbe _upraga Onurt tn onkstrua tmet iew ib`areiiy. Bk Guksnk v. FaiVeon, Bko . 6: OeiEtm ::5, ::2, 26 Oei. Pptr.?f :=1, 0


14/41

_bkoa Vurkar fbf knt èsa bts ruibkh nk e onkstruotbnk nj 15 (j) nj tma Qkrum Eot, tma onurt stetafbts mnifbkh "fnas knt gaek tmet fbseìaf parsnks bk Oeibjnrkbe gey knt saac raesnkeìaeoonggnfetbnks jnr tmabr iaerkbkh ekf raefbkh-raietaf fbse`bibtbas wmak tecbkh e stekferfbzaftast." Bf. et 565


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Omerhaf wbtm akjnroagakt nj tma Qkrum Eot, tma FJAM n`vbnusiy mes durbsfbotbnk tn akjnroa ektbfbsorbgbketbnk rbhmts `aynkf gettars nj agpinygakt ekf mnusbkh. Xmbia "Oeibjnrkbe onurts meva,mbstnrboeiiy, radaotaf ettagpts `y piebktbjjs tn axpekf tma sonpa nj tma Qkrum Eot tn bkoiufaagpinygakt oiebgs," @ess, 61= J.?f et 2=5, mara tma rbhmts et bssua jeii squeraiy wbtmbk tmambstnrboei erake nj tma Qkrum Eot ekf era "hargeka tn tma stetutas' nrbhbkei su`daot gettar." _aaBf. et 2=


16/41

Xmbia 15 (j) rajars spaobjboeiiy tn tma nrbhbkei EFE's pu`ibo iew kug`ar, tma `rnef sonpa nj tmaEFE, avak es bt axbstaf bk 522


17/41

hrnw nut nj FJAM's bkvastbhetbnk nj tma eiiahafiy ukiewjui onkfuot," ekf (?) "wara knt tma su`daotnj hnnf jebtm onkobibetbnk ajjnrts `y FJAM." Fajs Gntbnk et 50. Bk tmbs oesa, Fajakfekt erhuastmet "knka nj tma Ongpiebkekts eiiahaf eky EFE vbnietbnk," ekf "knka nj tma Ongpiebkektseiiahaf tmet I_EO's jiehhbkh pniboy nr eky nj bts fnougaktetbnk pnibobas era ukiewjuI" Bf. Btonktakfs, `aoeusa tmasa bssuas wara knt spaobjboeiiy rebsaf `y tma Ongpiebkekts, "bt westmarajnra bgprnpar jnr FJAM tn bkoiufa bk tma Ongpiebkt eky EFE-`esaf oiebg." Bf. Vmbserhugakt jebis tn raonhkbza tma wbfa bkvastbhetbva ietbtufa ejjnrfaf FJAM ukfar Oeibjnrkbe iew,ekf tma kntboa nj tma onktakt nj tma ongpiebkts hbvak tn I_EO prbnr tn tma bkbtbetbnk nj btsakjnroagakt eotbnk.Oeibjnrkbe's Jebr Agpinygakt ekf Mnusbkh Eot agpnwars FJAM "tn raoabva, bkvastbheta, ekfonkobibeta ongpiebkts" tmet eiiaha vbnietbnks nj iew wbtmbk tma sonpa nj bts durbsfbotbnk . Oei. Hnv'tOnfa 502?


18/41

ongpiebkt, retmar tmek tma iahei tmanry" tmet onktrnis. Pnfrbhuaz, 0:1 J.?f et =22. Vmus, bk ibhmt njtma stekferf sat `y tma onurt bk Pnfrbhuaz, I_EO's erhugakt tmet bt wes bgprnpar "jnr FJAM tnbkoiufa bk tma Ongpiebkt eky EFE-èsaf oiebg" oekknt à eooaptaf. _aa Gnt. tn Fbsgbss et 50.Knr oek bt à gebktebkaf tmet, nk tma èsbs nj tma jeots eiiahaf bk tma varbjbaf ongpiebkts, "bt wesbgprnpar jnr FJAM tn bkoiufa oiebgs tmet omeiiakha tma hubfekoa tmet I_EO prnvbfas tnprnjassbnkeis wmn su`gbt aveiuetbnks bk suppnrt nj ek eoonggnfetbnk raquast," nr tn bkoiufaoiebgs omeiiakhbkh "I_EO's fnougaktetbnk raqubragakts jnr bkfbvbfueis raquastbkheoonggnfetbnks," Fajs Gntbnk et 50. Vma raonrf fagnkstretas qubta oiaeriy tmet tma nrbhbkeivarbjbaf ongpiebkts raoabvaf `y FJAM omeiiakhaf, et iaest bk pert, I_EO's eiiahafiyfbsorbgbketnry fnougaktetbnk prnoafuras. _aa Ongpi., Ax. 0 (Zarbjbaf Ongpiebkt nj KbomniesDnkas) (eiiahbkh e fakbei nj raesnkeìa eoonggnfetbnks àoeusa nj fbse`bibty bk onkkaotbnk wbtmI_EO's fnougaktetbnk raqubragakts)3 Ongpi. ,-r 56= ("Gr. Uuek onktastaf I_EO's kaaf jnreffbtbnkei fnougaktetbnk, essartbkh tmet bt wes ukkaoassery, ukejjnrfeìa, ekf ùrfaksnga."),,-r,-r 5=0-5=? (omeiiakhbkh raiavekoa nj I_EO's Hubfaibkas jnr Fnougaktetbnk nj OnhkbtbvaBgpebrgakts).I_EO essarts tmet e fbsorbgbketbnk oiebg bkvnivbkh snganka wmn mes àak fakbaf raesnkeìaeoonggnfetbnks nk tma I_EV bs knt "ibca nr raesnkeìy raietaf tn" e fbsorbgbketbnk oiebg `ysnganka wmn raoabvaf eoonggnfetbnks ekf n`daots tn I_EO's "jiehhbkh" pniboy. Vmet erhugakteisn ieocs garbt. Vma raietbnksmbp àtwaak fakybkh bkfbvbfueis eoonggnfetbnks nk tma I_EV ekffbsorbgbketbkh ehebkst fbseìaf bkfbvbfueis `y "kehhbkh" tmabr tast sonras bs knt es ettakuetaf esfbsorbgbketbnk oiebgs pravbnusiy maif knt "raesnkeìy raietaf" `y tma onurts. _aaa.hPnfrbhuaz, 0:1 J.?f et =2= (mnifbkh tmet piebktbjjs nrbhbkei ongpiebkt wbtm tma FJAM eiiahbkhreoa-èsaf fbsorbgbketbnk onuif knt à axtakfaf tn bkoiufa fbse`bibty fbsorbgbketbnk)3 Xbktar v.Onrraotbnks Onrp. njEgarboe, 0


19/41

ekf es e onksaquakoa oekknt bssua e wrbttak eoousetbnk wbtmnut jbrst axmeustbkh tmetraqubragakt. Fajs Gntbnk et 50. Vmbs erhugakt bs uksuppnrtaf `y tma iekhueha nj JAME, tmaoesas bktarpratbkh bt, ekf tma jeots nj tmbs oesa.Vma usa nj tma pargbssbva wnrf akfaevnr bk 502:?.8, nk bts jeoa, ukfarouts eky raefbkh nj tmbssaotbnk tmet wnuif bgpnsa onkobibetbnk es e kaoassery praraqubsbta tn bssubkh e wrbttakeoousetbnk. Oei. Hnv't Onfa 502:1(e), wmbom stetas tmet "SbWk tma oesa nj jebiura tn aibgbketa ekukiewjui preotboa ukfar tmbs pert tmrnuhm onkjarakoa, onkobibetbnk, nr parsuesbnk, nr bk efvekoatmaranj bj obrougstekoas werrekt, tma fbraotnr bk mbs nr mar fbsoratbnk gey oeusa tn `a bssuaf bktma kega nj tma fapertgakt e wrbttak eoousetbnk," eisn bkfboetas tmet onkobibetbnk bs knt raqubrafbk avary oesa. Bf. (agpmesbs effaf).Jurtmar, bk `ntm Gntnrs Bks. Onrp. v. Fbv. nj Jebr Agpinygakt \reotboas. ekf FJAM v. MnehGagnrbei Mnspbtei \ras`ytarbek, tma Oeibjnrkbe Onurt nj Eppaei ekf tma Jebr Agpinygakt ekfMnusbkh Onggbssbnk meva onkjbrgaf tmet onkobibetbnk ukfar JAME bs knt e onkfbtbnk praoafakttn jbibkh subt. _aa Gntnrs Bks. Onrp. v. Fbv. nj Jebr Agpinygakt \reotboas, 55= OeiEpp.?f 0


20/41

bkonrraot jeotuei pragbsa." Bf. Onktrery tn \iebktbjjs' eiiahetbnks, I_EO essarts tmet bt kavar"raqubraSfW" bkfbvbfueis wmn raquastaf eoonggnfetbnks tn "teca tma gafboetbnks prasorbàf jnrtmabr fbse`bibtbas wmbia àbkh aveiuetaf jnr eoonggnfetbnks nr axpiebk tmabr jebiura nr rajusei tn fnsn." Bf. Petmar, I_EO "sbgpiy suhhasts" tmet prnjassbnkei aveiuetnrs nj tmasa eppiboekts onkfuottmabr aveiuetbnks wmbia tma eppiboekts era tecbkh tmabr gafboetbnks nk tma essugptbnk tmet tmaeppiboekt wnuif à tecbkh tma sega gafboetbnk wmbia sbttbkh jnr tmabr I_EV axeg. Bf. Bj ekaveiuetnr omnnsas knt tn axegbka ek eppiboekt wmbia tmay era tecbkh tmabr gafboetbnks, I_EO"_bgpiy escs tma aveiuetnr tn prnvbfa ek axpieketbnk" nj tmet faobsbnk . Bf. Vmasa twn erhugaktswbii à effrassaf bk turk.5. Kn \rbveta Pbhmt nj EotbnkBk suppnrt nj bts essartbnk tmet tmara bs kn prbveta rbhmt nj eotbnk jnr "tma fajbkbtbnk nj fbse`bibty"vbnietbnk àoeusa tma taxt nj tma stetuta hrekts kn suom ragafy , I_EO obtasOnrt v. Esm, 600 Q._.::,8=-=1,21 _.Ot. 0


21/41

axegbketbnk nr onursa bs onkfuotaf bk ek bkeooassb`ia sbta nr wbtmnut ek eoonggnfetbnk." Akvertv. Ket'i Onkjarakoa nj@erAxegbkars, Bko., :?< J.?f 551?, 55:< (2tm Obr. 0


22/41

FJAM's _aonkf Oeusa nj Eotbnk erhuas tmet I_EO's pniboy nj jiehhbkh sonra rapnrts njbkfbvbfueis raoabvbkh effbtbnkei tbga jebis tn aksura tmet tma I_EV gaesuras eptbtufa, retmar tmekfbse`bibty, bk vbnietbnk nj tma futbas bgpnsaf nk tast prnvbfars ukfar Vbtia BBB nj tma EFE. Ongpi. gr52?-521. Es fbsoussaf e`nva, 505=2 raqubras tast prnvbfars ibca I_EO tn njjar EFE-hnvarkafaxegbketbnks "bk e pieoa ekf gekkar eooassbìa tn parsnks wbtm fbse`bibtbas nr njjar eitarketbvaeooassbìa errekhagakts jnr suom bkfbvbfueis." 60 Q._.O. 505=2. Vma Fapertgakt nj Dustboa,wmbom bs omerhaf wbtm bssubkh rahuietbnks tn oerry nut Vbtia Bii's prnvbsbnks, saa 60 Q._.O. 505=:(`), mes bktarprataf 505=2 es raqubrbkh tast prnvbfars tn efgbkbstar EFE-hnvarkafaxegbketbnks4sn es tn àst aksura tmet, wmak tma axegbketbnk bs efgbkbstaraf tn ek bkfbvbfuei wbtm e fbse`bibtytmet bgpebrs saksnry, gekuei, nr spaecbkh scbiis, tma axegbketbnk rasuits eoouretaiy rajiaot tmabkfbvbfuei's eptbtufa nr eombavagakt iavai nr wmetavar ntmar jeotnr tma axegbketbnk purpnrts tngaesura, retmar tmek rajiaotbkh tma bkfbvbfuei's bgpebraf saksnry, gekuei, nr spaecbkh scbiis.0= O.J.P. ?:.?


23/41

Bk ek ukrapnrtaf faobsbnk, Dufha Nrrboc bk tmbs Fbstrbot tnnc e sibhmtiy fbjjarakt vbaw nj tmbsquastbnk. @rabgmnrst v. Afuo. Vastbkh _arv . 0


24/41

Akvert, :?< J.?f et 55:0. Xmbia tma praobsa onktnurs nj tma "`ast aksura" stekferf era knt oiaer,bt bs gnra axeotbkh tmek e "raesnke`iakass" stekferf. _aa Akvert, :?< J.?f et 55:5 . _aaeisn @nkkatta v. Fbst. nj Oniug`be Onurt nj Eppaeis, 82: J._upp.0f 5:6, 5=6-=1(F.F.O0


25/41

Vma Onurt, tmarajnra, FAKBA_ I_EO's gntbnk tn fbsgbss FJAM's Vmbrf Oeusa nj Eotbnk.H. Jnurtm Oeusa njEotbnkFJAM's Jnurtm Oeusa nj Eotbnk erhuas tmet I_EO `raeomaf bts futy tn geca tma I_EVeooassbìa tn fbseìaf bkfbvbfueis `y raqubrbkh axoassbva fnougaktetbnk ekf `y fakybkhraesnkeìa eoonggnfetbnks bk vbnietbnk nj 60 Q._.O. 505=2 ekf 0= O.J.P. ?:.?


26/41

fbse`bibtbas nr njjar eitarketbva eooassbìa errekhagakts jnr suom bkfbvbfueis." 60 Q._.O. 505=2.Jebiura tn fn sn hbvas rbsa tn e prbveta rbhmt nj eotbnk "tn eky parsnk wmn bs àbkh su`daotaf tnfbsorbgbketbnk nk tma èsbs nj fbse`bibty bk vbnietbnk nj tmbs suòmeptar." 60 Q._.O. 505==(e)(5).Vma Kbktm Obroubt mes pravbnusiy onksbfaraf tma gaekbkh nj 505=2's iekhueha ekf maif tmet"S`Waoeusa 505=2 bs eg`bhunus wbtm raspaot tn bts raqubragakt tmet aktbtbas efgbkbstar iboakobkhaxegs bk e gekkar "eooassbìa" tn bkfbvbfueis wbtm fbse`bibtbas, wa fajar tn FND's bktarpratetbnk njtma stetuta sn inkh es tmet bktarpratetbnk bs èsaf upnk e pargbssbìa onkstruotbnk nj tmastetuta." Akyert v. Ket'i Onkjarakoa nj @er Axegbkars. Bko., :?< J.?f 551?. 55:0 (2tmObr.0


27/41

akugaretbkh tmbs inkhstekfbkh bktarpratetbnk nj 505=2, bt "garaiy snuhmt tn oierbjy tastbkhaktbtbas' raspnksb`bibtbas ukfar Ssaotbnk 505=2W" bk e wey "tmet smnuif iaef tn jawargbsbktarpratetbnks nj tma raqubragakts, gnra ongpibekoa wbtm tma EFE, ekf iass fbsorbgbketbnk bktastbkh." _tetagakt nj Bktarasts nj tma Qkbtaf _tetas nj Egarboe =8?*=8? et 55-50. Vmaonfbjboetbnk nj tmbs inkh stekfbkh bktarpratetbnk et 0= O.J.P. ?:.?


28/41

I_EO kaxt omeiiakhas FJAM's eutmnrbty tn saac oiess raibaj ukfar Oeibjnrkbe's Jebr Agpinygaktekf Mnusbkh Eot. Fajakfekt erhuas tmet FJAM nkiy mes eutmnrbty tn saac raibaj nk e oiess `esbswmara "ek ukiewjui preotboa eiiahaf bk e varbjbaf ongpiebkt efvarsaiy ejjaots , bk e sbgbier gekkar,e hrnup nr oiess nj parsnks nj wmbom tma ehhrbavaf parsnk jbibkh tma ongpiebkt bs e gag`ar, nrwmara suom ek ukiewjui preotboa rebsas quastbnks nj iew nr jeot wmbom era onggnk tn suom ehrnup nr oiess ." Fajs Gntbnk et 0


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eiiahetbnks nrbhbkeiiy prasaktaf bk tma varbjbaf ongpiebkts, tma Onurt radaots =81*=81 I_EO'serhugakt tmet bt fbf knt raoabva efaqueta kntboa nj tma sonpa nj eiiahetbnks tmet uitbgetaiy gefatmabr wey bktn tma Ongpiebkt.I_EO jurtmar erhuas tmet FJAM mes kn kaaf tn prnoaaf bk tmbs gettar nk e oiessèsbs. _aa Fajs Gntbnk et 05, Jk.8. I_EO stetas tmet e Kntboa nj Bkvastbhetbnk wes sakt tn ?55bkfbvbfueis, =2 nj wmng onksaktaf tn fbsoinsura nj tmabr kegas tn FJAM.if. Jrng tmnsa =2kegas, I_EO faobfaf tn saac raibaj nk àmeij nj nkiy savaktaak bkfbvbfueis. Bf. Vmus, I_EOerhuas, FJAM mes eiraefy mef e omekoa tn ravbaw "eppiboeìa raonrfs" ekf bfaktbjbaf vbeìaoiebgs. Mnwavar, I_EO njjars kn iahei suppnrt jnr bts essartbnk tmet FJAM's faobsbnk tn prnoaafnk e oiess èsbs bs bgpargbssbìa. Bt obtas kn oesas nr stetutas tmet faprbva FJAM nj tma e`bibty tngebktebk e obess ongpiebkt ukfar tma jeots nj tmbs oesa. \iebktbjjs' oiebgs era eii "wbtmbk tma sonpanj tma efgbkbstretbva bkvastbhetbnk wmbom oek raesnkeìy à axpaotaf tn hrnw nut nj tma SbkbtbeiomerhasW nj fbsorbgbketbnk." Pnfrbhuaz v. Ebr`nrka Axprass et =28.Vma Onurt tmarajnra radaots I_EO's erhugakts tmet tma sonpa nj FJAM's prnpnsaf oiess nuhmt tnà ibgbtaf.D. Paonvary nj Fegehas Qkfar tma Qkrum EotI_EO essarts tmet FJAM gey knt raonvar tma traìa fegehas FJAM saacs ukfar Oei. Obv. Onfa 10 jnr eiiahaf vbnietbnks nj tma Qkrum Eot. Fajs Gntbnk et 05. Petmar, I_EO erhuas tmetFJAM's fegehas oiebgs era hnvarkaf `y Oei. Hnv. Onfa 5028


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bkoiufas e raqubragakt tmet tma pertbas "jnrahn JAME fegehas bk jevnr nj fegehas ewerfafukfar tma Qkrum Eot." Fajs Papiy et 51. B k suppnrt nj =8:*=8: bts erhugakt tmet e onurt'seutmnrbty tn ewerf fegehas nuhmt tn pereiiai tma fegehas evebie`ia `ajnra JAMO, I_EO obtasOei. Hnvt. Onfa 5028


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bk Nyfzec, FJAM mes nkiy kegaf tak Fna Fajakfekts bk e oursnry gekkar ekf mes knt piaf ekyspaobjbo jeotuei eiiahetbnks àynkf tma essartbnks tmet suom fajakfekts wnrcaf bk snga oepeobtyjnr I_EO ekf era sngamnw getarbeiiy bkvnivaf bk I_EO's eiiahaf ukiewjui onkfuot. _aa Ongpi.gB1-:. Es suom, FJAM mes jebiaf tn gaat tma stekferf sat jnrtm `y Jaf. P.Obv.\. =. Bkfaaf,FJAM ongas oinsa tn onkoafbkh tmet bt mes kn strnkh iahei èsbs jnr ratebkbkh tma Fnafajakfekts wmak bt "escs tmbs Onurt's iaeva tn ratebk bts FNA eiiahetbnks tmrnuhm tma feta nj bkbtbeifbsoinsuras." \B's Npp. et 00.I_EO eisn erhuas tmet bkfbvbfuei ibe`bibty bs ukevebieìa es e ragafy ukfar tma EFE oiebgsefvekoaf `y FJAM. _aa Fajs Gntbnk et 0?. Jnousbkh nk tma saonkf ekf jnurtm oiebgs bkFJAM's ongpiebkt, I_EO onktakfs tmet oiebgs ehebkst bkfbvbfueis era ukevebieìa bk tmbs oesaukfar 60 Q._.O. 505=2, sbkoa, `y bts targs, tmbs saotbnk oek nkiy eppiy tn e parsnk tmet "njjars"e stekferfbzaf axegbketbnk. _aa bf. Es tma ongpiebkt rajiaots , kn bkfbvbfuei oek njjar tma I_EV3nkiy I_EO njjars tma I_EV. /f.Eitmnuhm I_EO fnas knt efvekoa eky fbraot iahei suppnrt tn smnwtmet oiebgs ehebkst bkfbvbfueis era knt evebieìa ukfar 60 Q._.O. 505=2, I_EO fnas suppnrt btserhugakt `y obtbkh tn savarei oesas wmara onurts rajusaf tn bgpnsa ragafbas ehebkst bkfbvbfueifajakfekts ukfar 60 Q._.O. 505=0(e), Vbtia Bii's puìbo eoonggnfetbnk prnvbsbnk. _aa FajsGntbnk et 0?. Bk Agarsnk v. Vmbai Oniiaha. 02: J.?f 5=6 (?f Obr.0


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gafboei onkfbtbnk, gerbtei stetus, nr saxuei nrbaktetbnk nr tn parsnks raherfiass nj tmabr hakatbo bkjnrgetbnk ." Oe i. Obv. Onfa 15 (o).Gi "Vbtia BBB nj tma EFE prnmb`bts fbsorbgbketbnk nk tma `esbs nj fbse`bibty `y pu`ibo eoonggnfetbnks, onggarobei jeobibtbas, ekfprbveta aktbtbas tmet njjar axegbketbnks nr onursas raietaf tn eppiboetbnks, iboaksbkh, oartbjboetbnk, nr orafaktbeibkh jnrsaonkfery nr pnstsaonkfery afuoetbnk, prnjassbnkei, nr trefa purpnsas." _tetagakt nj Bktarasts nj tma Qkbtaf _tetas njEgarboe (Fnocat Kn. 02) et0 (obtbkh 60 Q._.O. 505=5 at. saq., ekf 0= O.J.P. ?:.5


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]MB@BV 0


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Q_. Fapertgak . ., D B I . . ~ o aNjjboa nj tm Faputy m.ttngay Hakarei

----- - - -- -Vma FarDuty Ettnrkay Hakarei 4TtsmbkhiNk. F.O. 0


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Gagnrekfug jnr Eii Qkbtaf _tetas Ettnrkays_u`daot4 Hubfekoa Paherfbkh Gerbdueke Akjnroagakt

\ravaktbkh vbniakoa ekf tma usa njj braergs bk tma ouitbvetbnk ekf fbstrbùtbnk njgekDueke3 \ravaktbkh fruhhaf frbvbkh ekf tma axeoarètbnk nj ntmar efvarsa puìbo maeitm

onksaquakoas essnobetaf wbtm gerbdueke usa3

\eha 0

\ravaktbkh tma hrnwbkh njgerbdueke nk puìbo iekfs ekf tma ettakfekt puìbo sejaty ekfakvbrnkgaktei fekhars pnsaf `y gerbdueke prnfuotbnk nk puìbo iekfs3 ekf

\ravaktbkh gerbdueke pnssassbnk nr usa nk jafarei prnparty.Vmasa prbnrbtbas wbii onktbkua tn hubfa tma Fapertgakt's akjnroagakt nj tma O_E ehebkstgerbdueke-raietaf onkfuot. Vmus, tmbs gagnrekfug sarvas es hubfekoa tn Fapgbgakt ettnrkaysekf iew akjnroagakt tn jnous tmabr akjnroagakt rasnuroas ekf ajjnrts, bkoiufbkh prnsaoutbnk, nkparsnks nr nrhekbzetbnks wmnsa onkfuot bktarjaras wbtm ekynka nr gnra nj tmasa prbnrbtbas,raherfiass nj steta iew. BNutsbfa nj tmasa akjnroagakt prbnrbtbas, tma jafarei hnvarkgakt mes trefbtbnkeiiy raibaf nk

stetas ekf inoei iew akjnroagakt ehakobas tn effrass gerbdueke eotbvbty tmrnuhm akjnroagakt njtmabr nwk kerontbos iews. Jnr axegpia, tma Fapertgakt nj Dustboa mes knt mbstnrboeiiy favntafrasnuroas tn prnsaoutbkh bkfbvbfueis wmnsa onkfuot bs ibgbtaf tn pnssassbnk nj sgeii egnukts njgerbdueke jnr parsnkei usa nk prbveta prnparty. Bkstaef, tma Fapertgakt mes iajt suom inwar-iavainr inoeibzaf eotbvbty tn steta ekf inoei eutmnrbtbas ekf mes stappaf bk tn akjnroa tma O_E nkiywmak tma usa, pnssassbnk, ouitbvetbnk, nr fbstrbùtbnk nj gerbdueke mes tmraetakaf tn oeusa nka njtma mergs bfaktbjbaf e`nva.Vma akeotgakt nj steta iews tmet akfaevnr tn eutmnrbza gerbdueke prnfuotbnk,fbstrbùtbnk, ekf pnssassbnk `y asteìbsmbkh e rahuietnry somaga jnr tmasa purpnsas ejjaots tmbstrefbtbnkei dnbkt jafarei-steta epprneom tn kerontbos akjnroagakt Vma Fapertgakt's hubfekoa bktmbs gagnrekfiiiti rasts nk bts axpaotetbnk tmet stetas ekf inoei hnvarkgakts tmet meva akeotafiews eutmnrbzbkh gerbdueke-raietaf onkfuot wbii bgpiagakt strnkh ekf ajjaotbva rahuietnry ekfakjnroagakt systags tmet wbii effrass tma tmraet tmnsa steta iews onuif pnsa tn puìbo sejaty,puìbo maeitm, ekf ntmar iew akjnroagakt bktarasts. E systag efaqueta tn tmet tesc gQ1b knt nkiyonktebk rnùst onktrnis ekf prnoafuras nk pepar3 bt gust eisn à ajjaotbva bk preotboa.Durbsfbotbnks tmet meva bgpiagaktaf systags tmet prnvbfa jnr rahuietbnk j g e r ~ u e k e eotbvbty

5 Vmasa akjnroagakt prbnrbtbas era ibstaf bk hakarei targs3 aeom akongpessas e verbaty nj onkfuottmet gey garbt obvbi nr orbgbkei akjnroagakt nj tma O_E. @y wey nj axegpia nkiy, tmaFapertgakt's bktarast bk pravaktbkh tma fbstrbùtbnk nj gerbdueke tn gbknrs wnuif oeii jnrakjnroagakt knt dust wmak ek bkfbvbfuei nr aktbty saiis nr treksjars gerbdueke tn e gbknr, ùt eisnwmak gerbdueke trejjbocbkh tecas pieoa kaer ek erae essnobetaf wbtm gbknrs3 wmak gerbdueke nrgerbdueke-bkjusaf prnfuots era gercataf bk e gekkar tn eppaei tn gbknrs3 nr wmak gerbdueke bsàbkh fbvartaf, fbraotiy nr bkfbraotiy, ekf purpnsajuiiy nr ntmarwbsa, tn gbknrs.


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Gagnrekfug jnr Eii Qkbtaf _tetas Ettnrkays \eha ?_u`daot4 Hubfekoa Paherfbkh Gerbdueke Akjnroagakt

gust prnvbfa tma kaoassery rasnuroas ekf fagnkstreta tma wbiidkhkass tn akjnroa tmabr iews ekfrahuietbnks bk e gekkar tmet aksuras tmay fn knt ukfakkbka jafarei akjnroagakt prbnrbtbas.Bkdurbsfbotbnks tmet meva akeotaf iews iaheibzbkh gerbdueke bk snga jnrg ekf tmet meva

eisn bgpiagaktaf strnkh ekf ajjaotbva rahuietnry ekf akjnroagakt systags tn onktrni tmaouitbvetbnk, fbstrbùtbnk, seia, ekf pnssassbnk njgerbdueke, onkfuot bk ongpibekoa wbtm tmnsaiews ekf rahuietbnks bs iass ibcaiy tn tmraetak tma jafarei prbnrbtbas sat jnrtm e`nva. Bkfaaf, ernùst systag gey ejjugetbvaiy effrass tmnsa prbnrbtbas `y, jnraxerkpia, bgpiagaktbkh ajjaotbvagaesuras tn pravakt fbvarsbnk nj gerbdueke nutsbfa nj tma rahuietaf systag ekf tn ntmar stetas,prnmb`btbkh eooass tn gerbdueke `y gbknrs, ekf rapieobkh ek biibobt gerbdueke trefa tmet jukfsorbgbkei aktarprbsas wbtm e tbhmtiy rahuietaf gercat bk wmbom ravakuas era treocaf ekf eoonuktafjnr. Bk tmnsa obrougstekoas, onksbstakt wbtm tma trefbtbnkei eiinoetbnk nj jafarei-steta ajjnrts bktmbs erae, akjnroagakt nj steta iew `y steta ekf inoei iew akjnroagakt ekf rahuietnry `nfbassmnuif ragebk tma prbgery gaeks nj effrassbkh gerbdueke-raietaf eotbvbty. B j steta akjnroagaktajjnrts era knt sujjbobaktiy rnùst tn prntaot ehebkst tma mekks sat jnrtm e`nva, tma jafareihnvarkgakt gey saac tn omeiiakha tma rahuietnry struotura b tsaij bk effbtbnk tn onktbkubkh tn`rbkh bkfbvbfuei akjnroagakt eotbnks, bkoiufbkh orbgbkei prnsaoutbnks, jnousaf nk tmnsa mergs.

Vma Fapertgakt's pravbnus gagnrekfe spaobjboeiiy effrassaf tma axarobsa njprnsaoutnrbei fbsoratbnk bk stetas wbtm iews eutmnrbzbkh gerbdueke ouitbvetbnk ekf fbstrbùtbnk jnrgafboei usa. Bk tmnsa onktaxts, tma Fapertgakt efvbsaf tmet bt ibcaiy wes knt ek ajjbobakt usa njjafarei rasnuroas tn jnous akjnroagakt ajjnrts nk sarbnusiy bi i bkfbvbfueis, nr nk tmabr bkfbvbfueioerahbvars. Bk fnbkh sn, tma pravbnus hubfekoa fraw e fbstbkotbnk àtwaak tma sarbnusiy bii ekftmabr oerahbvars, nk tma nka mekf, ekf ierha-soeia, jnr-prnjbt onggarobei aktarprbsas, nk tma ntmar,ekf efvbsaf tmet tma iettar onktbkuaf tn à epprnprbeta terhats jnr jafarei akjnroagakt ekfprnsaoutbnk. Bk frewbkh tmbs fbstbkotbnk, tma Fapertgakt raibaf nk tma onggnk-saksa dufhgakttmet tma sbza nj e gerbdueke nparetbnk wes e raesnkeìa prnxy jnr essassbkh wmatmar gerbdueketrejjbocbkh bgpiboetas tma jafarei akjnroagakt prbnrbtbas sat jnrtm e`nva.

Es axpiebkaf e`nva, mnwavar, `ntm tma axbstakoa nj e strnkh ekf ajjaotbva steta rahuietnrysystag, ekf ek nparetbnk's ongpibekoa wbtm suom e systag, gey eiiey tma tmraet tmet eknparetbnk's sbza pnsas tn jafarei akjnroagakt bktarasts. Eoonrfbkhiy, bk axarobsbkh prnsaoutnrbeifbsoratbnk, prnsaoutnrs smnuif knt onksbfar tma sbza nr onggarobei ketura nj e gerbduekenparetbnk einka es e prnxy jnr essassbkh wmatmar gerbdueke trejjbocbkh bgpiboetas tmaFapertgakt's akjnroagakt prbnrbtbas ibstaf e`nva. Petmar, prnsaoutnrs smnuif onktbkua tn ravbawgerbdueke oesas nk e oesa-`y-oesa èsbs ekf wabhm eii evebieìa bkjnrgetbnk ekf avbfakoa,bkoiufbkh, ùt knt ibgbtaf tn, wmatmar tma nparetbnk bs fagnkstreìy bk ongpibekoa wbtm e strnkhekf ajjaotbva steta rahuietnry systag. E gerbdueke nparetbnk's ierha soeia nr jnr-prnjbt keturagey à e raiavekt onksbfaretbnk jnr essassbkh tma axtakt tn wmbom bt ukfargbkas e pertbouierjafarei akjnroagakt prbnrbty. Vma prbgery quastbnk bk eii oesas - ekf bk eii durbsfbotbnks - smnuifà wmatmar tma onkfuot et bssua bgpiboetas nka nr gnra nj tma akjnroagakt prbnrbtbas ibstaf e`nva.


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Gagnrekfug jnr Eii Qkbtaf _tetas Ettnrkays_u`daot4 Hubfekoa Paherfbkh Gerbdueke Akjnroagakt\eha 6

Es wbtm tma Fapertgakt's pravbnus stetagakts nk tmbs su`daot, tmbs gagnrekfug bsbktakfaf sniaiy es e hubfa tn tma axarobsa nj bkvastbhetbva ekf prnsaoutnrbei fbsoratbnk. Vmbsgagnrekfug fnas knt eitar bk eky wey tma Fapertgakt's eutmnrbty tn akjnroa jafarei iew,bkoiufbkh jafarei iews raietbkh tn gerbdueke, raherfiass nj steta iew. Kabtmar tma hubfekoa marabkknr eky steta nr inoei iew prnvbfas e iahei fajaksa tn e vbnietbnk njjafare55ew, bkoiufbkh ekyobvbi nr orbgbkei vbnietbnk nj tma O_E. Avak bk durbsfbotbnks wbtm strnkh ekf ajjaotbva rahuietnrysystags, avbfakoa tmet pertbouier onkfuot tmraetaks jafarei prbnrbtbas wbii su`daot tmet parsnk nraktbty tn jafarei akjnroagakt eotbnk, èsaf nk tma obrougstekoas. Vmbs gagnrekfug bs kntbktakfaf tn, fnas knt, ekf gey knt à raibaf upnk tn oraeta eky rbhmts, su`stektbva nr prnoafurei,akjnroaeìa et iew `y eky perty bk eky gettar obvbi nr orbgbkei. Bt eppibas prnspaotbvaiy tn tmaaxarobsa nj prnsaoutnrbei fbsoratbnk bk j`tura oesas ekf fnas knt prnvbfa fajakfekts nr su`daotsnjakjnroagakt eotbnk wbtm e èsbs jnr raonksbfaretbnk nj eky pakfbkh obvbi eotbnk nr orbgbkeiprnsaoutbnk. Jbkeiiy, kntmbkh marabk praoiufas bkvastbhetbnk nr prnsaoutbnk, avak bk tma e`sakoanj ekynka nj tma jeotnrs ibstaf e`nva, bk pertbouier obrougstekoas wmara bkvastbhetbnk ekfprnsaoutbnk ntmarwbsa sarvas ek bgpnrtekt jafarei bktarast.oo4 Gytmbib PegekEotbkh Essbstekt Ettnrkay Hakarei, Orbgbkei Fbvbsbnk

Inratte A. IykomQkbtaf _tetas EttnrkayAestark Fbstrbot njKaw RnrcOmebr, Ettnrkay Hakarei's Efvbsnry OnggbttaaGbomaia G. IankmertEfgbkbstretnrFruh Akjnroagakt EfgbkbstretbnkM. Gersmeii DerrattFbraotnrAxaoutbva Njjboa jnr Qkbtaf _tetas EttnrkaysPnkeif V. MnscnEssbstekt FbraotnrOrbgbkei Bkvastbhetbva FbvbsbnkJafarei @uraeu nj Bkvastbhetbnk


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]MB@BV ?


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es =450-ov-


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50?61:8=2

5

G048303 (Patients' Request for Judicial Notice) Modiano v. City of Anaheim (California Disabled...

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