G048303 (Patients' Third Request for Judicial Notice) Modiano v. City of Anaheim (California...

7/22/2019 G048303 (Patients' Third Request for Judicial Notice) Modiano v. City of Anaheim (California Disabled Persons Act) …

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Jh.< K03>404

AJ SNG

Dhurt ho EppgebTSESG HO DEBAOH]JAE

OHW]SN EPPGBBESG CATS]ADSCA_ATAHJ SN]GG

FE]SAJ FHCAEJH, ej ajcavacueb9 NGBEAJG LHJGT,ej ajcavacueb9 IG_AJ MWSDNG], ej ajcavacueb9 FE]BE

LEFGT, ej ajcavacueb9 ejc PESAGJS FGC-EAC,e jhj-prhoat krhup ho petagjts esshdaetgc thkgtngr ujcgr

De. Ngebtn & Teogty Dhcg § 554?=.;;7,

Pbeajtaoos/Eppgbbejts,

vs.

DASQ HO EJENGAF, e Debaohrjae fujadapeb dhrphretahj9SHF SEAS, aj nas depedaty es Feyhr ho Ejengaf9 NGJ]Q [.

TSG]J, aj nas depedaty es Daty Srgesurgr ho Ejengaf,

Cgogjcejts/]gsphjcgjts .

Nhj. Cevac Dneoogg, LuckgTupgrahr Dhurt ho Hrejkg Dhujty Luckfgjt gjtgrgc Ferdn 53, =054

Jh. 40-=05=-00?05>74-DW-D]-DLD

EPPGBBEJST‑ SNA]C ]GUWGTSOH] LWCADAEB JHSADG

Fettngw Peppes, TMJ< 5;5>?0Bgg Curst, TMJ< ?1;03

==;?= Espej Ttrggt, #=0=-50;Beig Ohrgst, DE 1=?40

Sgbgpnhjg< (131) 4>=-53>?Oedsafabg< (131) =3=-=?07



5

]GUWGTS OH] LWCADAEB JHSADG

Eppgbbejts ngrgmy fhvg tnas Dhurt ohr ej hrcgr teiajk lucadaeb jhtadg ho<

ASGF #5

Atgf 5, pekg 5 ho Wjatgc Ttetgs Petgjt Jh. ??4070;, fggts ebb tng

rgquargfgjts ohr lucadaeb jhtadg my ej eppgbbetg dhurt. (Tgg De. Gv. Dhcg § 3719

De. ]ubg ho Dhurt >.=7=(e).) Wjcgr Gvacgjdg Dhcg § 37=, lucadaeb jhtadg fey

mg teigj ho tng ‒hooadaeb edts ho tng bgkasbetavg, gxgdutavg, ejc lucadaeb

cgpertfgjts ho tng Wjatgc Ttetgs ejc ho ejy stetg ho tng Wjatgc Ttetgs.‖ (Deb.

Gvac. Dhcg § 37=(d).) ‒Hooadaeb edts ajdbucg rgdhrcs, rgphrts, ejc hrcgrs ho

ecfajastretavg ekgjdags.‖ ( ]hces v. Tpagkgb (=005) >; Deb. Epp. 3tn 754, 75>9 sgg

ebsh, g.k., FdPnggtgrs v. Mc.ho Fgcadeb Gxefajgrs ho tng Ttetg ho Deb. (513?) ;3 Deb.

Epp. =c 3?, 3; Ydhurts ‒fey teig lucadaeb jhtadg ho tng rgdhrcs ho e pumbad

ekgjdy‖V.)

Fhrghvgr, dhurts nevg tng phwgr th teig lucadaeb jhtadg ho tng oabgs ho e

stetg hr ogcgreb ekgjdy. (Tgg, g.k., Oragjcs ho Tagrre Fecrg v. Daty ho Tagrre Fecrg

(=005) =7 Deb. 3tn 5?7, 5>? j.57 Yteiajk lucadaeb jhtadg ho chdufgjts orhf ej

5. Wjatgc Ttetgs Petgjt #??4070;, Dejjemajhacs es Ejtahxacejts ejc Jgurhprhtgdtejts , pekg 5, Petgjt nhbcgr<W.T. Cgpt. ho Ngebtn ejc Nufej Tgrvadgs hj mgnebo ho tngWjatgc Ttetgs ho Efgrade, Petgjt assugc< 50/;/=0049

=. Dejjemas ejc Dejjemajhacs (PCU®), Ngebtn Prhogssahjeb_grsahj, Jetahjeb Dejdgr Ajstatutg et tng JetahjebAjstatutgs ohr Ngebtn, 55/=5/=0549



=

ekgjdy‑s rubgfeiajk oabgV9 sgg ebsh Nhkgj v. _ebbgy Nhsp. (51>4) 53; Deb. Epp. 4c

551, 5=7 Yteiajk lucadaeb jhtadg ho ej ecfajastretavg mherc‑s oabgs ujcgr Gvacgjdg

Dhcg § 37=V.) Dhurts fey ebsh teig lucadaeb jhtadg ‒ho ekgjdy fgfhrejce.‖

(Srute v. Evas ]gjt E Der Tystgf (51>;) 514 Deb. Epp. 4c >0=, >01 j.?,

supgrsgcgc aj jhj-rgbgvejt pert my stetutg es rgdhkjazgc my Tdnjebb v. Ngrtz

Dhrp. (=000) ;> Deb. Epp. 3tn 5533, 5577 j.79 sgg ebsh Pghpbg v. Orgjdn (51;>) ;;

Deb. Epp. 4c 755, 7=5 j.5= Yteiajk lucadaeb jhtadg ho ej ekgjdy‑s fgfhrejcufV9

EMD Eddgptejdg v. Cgbmy (517;) 570 Deb. Epp. =c Tupp. >=?, >=> Yteiajk lucadaeb

jhtadg ho e fgfhrejcuf assugc my tng Bemhr DhffassahjgrV. Atgf #5 as ej

hooadaeb chdufgjt ho tng Wjatgc Ttetgs Petgjt Hooadg, ej ekgjdy ho tng ogcgreb

khvgrjfgjt, ejc tngrgohrg fggts lucadaeb jhtadg rgquargfgjts.

Atgf #5 as rgbgvejt mgdeusg at snhws tng Wjatgc Ttetgs ho Efgrade,

tnrhukn ats Cgpertfgjt ho Ngebtn ejc Nufej Tgrvadgs, hmteajgc e petgjt

gxpbeajajk<

Dejjemajhacs nevg mggj ohujc th nevg ejtahxacejt prhpgrtags, ujrgbetgc

th JFCE rgdgpthr ejtekhjasf. Snas jgw ohujc prhpgrty feigs

dejjemajhacs usgoub aj tng trgetfgjt ejc prhpnybexas ho wacg veragty ho

hxacetahj esshdaetgc casgesgs, sudn es asdngfad, ekg-rgbetgc,

ajobeffethry ejc euthaffujg casgesgs. Sng dejjemajhacs erd ohujc th

nevg pertaduber eppbadetahj es jgurhprhtgdtejts, ohr gxefpbg aj bafatajk

jgurhbhkadeb cefekg ohbbhwajk asdngfad ajsubts, sudn es strhig ejctreufe, hr aj tng trgetfgjt ho jgurhcgkgjgretavg casgesgs, sudn es

Ebzngafgr's casgesg, Periajshj's casgesg ejc NA_ cgfgjtae. (Atgf #5 et

p. 5, Emstredt .)



4

Snas as pertaduberby rgbgvejt aj tnas desg mgdeusg Fertaj Fhcaejh, hjg ho tng

petagjt Eppgbbejts ngrg, suoogrs orhf Edquargc Affujg Cgoadagjdy Tyjcrhfg, e

pnysadeb dhjcatahj tnet bafats e felhr baog edtavaty ejc e casemabaty es cgoajgc aj

Debaohrjae bew. Es ebbgkgc aj tng Eppgbbejts‑ dhfpbeajt tnet as tng sumlgdt ho tnas

eppgeb, tng stetg bew dhbbgdtavg systgf as prhvacgc hjby ohr casembgc ajcavacuebs

ajdbucajk Fertaj Fhcaejh wnh usgs fgcadeb dejjemas th ebbgvaetg dhjcatahjs

esshdaetgc watn Edquargc Affujg Cgoadagjdy Tyjcrhfg, ajdbucajk fabc dnrhjad

cgfgjtae.

ASGF #=

Atgf =, e rgphrt tatbgc Dejjemas ejc Dejjemajhacs (PCU®), Ngebtn

Prhogssahjeb _grsahj, Jetahjeb Dejdgr Ajstatutg et tng Jetahjeb Ajstatutgs ohr

Ngebtn, 55/=5/=054, fggts ebb tng rgquargfgjts ohr lucadaeb jhtadg my ej

eppgbbetg dhurt. (Tgg De. Gv. Dhcg § 3719 De. ]ubg ho Dhurt >.=7=(e).) Wjcgr

Gvacgjdg Dhcg § 37=, lucadaeb jhtadg fey mg teigj ho tng ‒hooadaeb edts ho tng

bgkasbetavg, gxgdutavg, ejc lucadaeb cgpertfgjts ho tng Wjatgc Ttetgs ejc ho ejy

stetg ho tng Wjatgc Ttetgs.‖ (Deb. Gvac. Dhcg § 37=(d).) ‒Hooadaeb edts ajdbucg

rgdhrcs, rgphrts, ejc hrcgrs ho ecfajastretavg ekgjdags.‖ ( ]hces v. Tpagkgb

(=005) >; Deb. Epp. 3tn 754, 75>9 sgg ebsh, g.k., FdPnggtgrs v. Mc.ho Fgcadeb

Gxefajgrs ho tng Ttetg ho Deb. (513?) ;3 Deb. Epp. =c 3?, 3; Ydhurts ‒fey teig

lucadaeb jhtadg ho tng rgdhrcs ho e pumbad ekgjdy‖V.)



3

Fhrghvgr, dhurts nevg tng phwgr th teig lucadaeb jhtadg ho tng oabgs ho e

stetg hr ogcgreb ekgjdy. (Tgg, g.k., Oragjcs ho Tagrre Fecrg v. Daty ho Tagrre Fecrg

(=005) =7 Deb. 3tn 5?7, 5>? j.57 Yteiajk lucadaeb jhtadg ho chdufgjts orhf ej

ekgjdy‑s rubgfeiajk oabgV9 sgg ebsh Nhkgj v. _ebbgy Nhsp. (51>4) 53; Deb. Epp. 4c

551, 5=7 Yteiajk lucadaeb jhtadg ho ej ecfajastretavg mherc‑s oabgs ujcgr Gvacgjdg

Dhcg § 37=V.) Dhurts fey ebsh teig lucadaeb jhtadg ‒ho ekgjdy fgfhrejce.‖

(Srute v. Evas ]gjt E Der Tystgf (51>;) 514 Deb. Epp. 4c >0=, >01 j.?,

supgrsgcgc aj jhj-rgbgvejt pert my stetutg es rgdhkjazgc my Tdnjebb v. Ngrtz

Dhrp. (=000) ;> Deb. Epp. 3tn 5533, 5577 j.79 sgg ebsh Pghpbg v. Orgjdn (51;>) ;;

Deb. Epp. 4c 755, 7=5 j.5= Yteiajk lucadaeb jhtadg ho ej ekgjdy‑s fgfhrejcufV9

EMD Eddgptejdg v. Cgbmy (517;) 570 Deb. Epp. =c Tupp. >=?, >=> Yteiajk lucadaeb

jhtadg ho e fgfhrejcuf assugc my tng Bemhr DhffassahjgrV. Atgf #5 as ej

hooadaeb chdufgjt ho tng Wjatgc Ttetgs Petgjt Hooadg, ej ekgjdy ho tng ogcgreb

khvgrjfgjt, ejc tngrgohrg fggts lucadaeb jhtadg rgquargfgjts.

Atgf #5 as rgbgvejt mgdeusg at snhws tng Wjatgc Ttetgs ho Efgrade,

tnrhukn ats Jetahjeb Dejdgr Ajstatutg (www.dejdgr.khv), pert ho ats Jetahjeb

Ajstatutgs ho Ngebtn, rgphrtgc<

Hjg stucy aj fadg ejc rets sukkgstgc tnet dejjemajhacs fey nevg e

prhtgdtavg googdt ekeajst tng cgvgbhpfgjt ho dgrteaj typgs ho tufhrs.Y4V

Curajk tnas =-yger stucy, krhups ho fadg ejc rets wgrg kavgj verahus

chsgs ho SND my kevekg. E chsg-rgbetgc cgdrgesg aj tng ajdacgjdg ho

ngpetad ecgjhfe tufhrs ejc ngpethdgbbuber derdajhfe (NDD) wes

hmsgrvgc aj tng fadg. Cgdrgesgc ajdacgjdgs ho mgjakj tufhrs (phbyps ejc

ecgjhfes) aj htngr hrkejs (feffery kbejc, utgrus, patuatery, tgstas, ejc



7

pejdrges) wgrg ebsh jhtgc aj tng rets. Aj ejhtngr stucy, cgbte-1-SND,

cgbte->-SND, ejc dejjemajhb wgrg ohujc th ajnamat tng krhwtn ho Bgwas

bujk ecgjhderdajhfe dgbbs aj vatrh ejc aj vavh .Y3V Aj eccatahj, htngr

tufhrs nevg mggj snhwj th mg sgjsatavg th dejjemajhac-ajcudgc krhwtn

ajnamatahj.Y7->V Dejjemajhacs fey deusg ejtatufhr googdts my verahus

fgdnejasfs, ajdbucajk ajcudtahj ho dgbb cgetn, ajnamatahj ho dgbb krhwtn,ejc ajnamatahj ho tufhr ejkahkgjgsas ajvesahj ejc fgtestesas.Y1-5=V Hjg

rgvagw sufferazgs tng fhbgduber fgdnejasfs ho edtahj ho dejjemajhacs

es ejtatufhr ekgjts.Y54V Dejjemajhacs eppger th iabb tufhr dgbbs mut ch

jht eoogdt tngar jhjtrejsohrfgc dhujtgrperts ejc fey gvgj prhtgdt tngf

orhf dgbb cgetn. Sngsg dhfphujcs nevg mggj snhwj th ajcudg ephpthsas

aj kbahfe dgbbs aj dubturg ejc ajcudg rgkrgssahj ho kbahfe tufhrs aj fadg

ejc rets. Dejjemajhacs prhtgdt jhrfeb kbaeb dgbbs ho estrhkbaeb ejc

hbakhcgjcrhkbaeb bajgekgs orhf ephpthsas fgcaetgc my tng DM5rgdgpthr.Y53V (Atgf #= et p. 5, ¿¿ =-4.)

Snas as pertaduberby rgbgvejt aj tnas desg mgdeusg at snhws tng fgcadeb mgjgoats ho

dejjemas ohr casembgc ajcavacuebs prhtgdtgc my tng stetg‑s Casembgc Pgrshjs Edt . At

as ebsh rgbgvejt mgdeusg Deb. Ngebtn & Teogty Dhcg § 554?=.;(n)(7) sgts ohrtn

dejdgr es e dhjcatahj ohr wnadn fgcadeb dejjemas as prhpgrby prgsdramgc th e

pgrshj pertadapetajk aj tng sumsgqugjtby cgoajgc ejc prhvacgc Ngebtn & Teogty

Dhcg § 554?=.;;7 dhbbgdtavg ejc dhhpgretavg dubtavetahj systgf.

DHJDBWTAHJ

Ohr tng ohrgkhajk rgeshjs, Eppgbbejts ngrgmy rgqugst tnet tng Dhurt

krejt tngar fhtahj rgqugstajk lucadaeb jhtadg ho tng twh (=) eohrgfgjtahjgc

atgfs.

]gspgdtoubby sumfattgc hj Cgdgfmgr 1, =054<

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXFettngw Peppes, TMJ< 5;5>?0



Atgf #5



(5=) Wjatgc Ttetgs etgjtNefpshj gt et.

(73) DEJJEMAJHACT ET EJSAH^ACEJST EJC

JGW]HP]HSGDSEJST

(;7) Ajvgjthrs< Eacej L. Nefpshj, Arvajg, DE (WT)9

Lubaus Exgbruc, ]hdivabi, FC (WT)9

Feurazah Krafebca, Mgtngsce, FC

(WT)

(;4) E7sakjgg< Sng Wjatgc Ttetgs ho Efgrade es

rgprgsgjtgc ny tng Cgpertfgjt ho

Ngebtn ejc Nufej Tgrvadgs,

[esnajkthj, CD (WT)

* ) Jhtadg< Tumlgdt th ejy casdbeafgr, tng tgrf ho tnas

petgjt as gxtgjcgc hr eclustgc ujcgr 47

W.T.D 573(m) my 0 ceys.

(=5) Epp5. Jh.< 01/?;3,0=>

(==)pg

Oabgc< Epr. =5, 5111

(>?) PDS Jh.< PDS/WT11/0>;?1

§ 4;5 (d)(b),

(=), (3) Cetg< Ogm . =, =005

(>;) PDS Pum. Jh.< [011/7415;

PDS Pum. Cetg< Hdt. =>, 5111

(?0)

(75)

(7=)(7>)

(7?)

GPGPGPGP[H

[H

[H

[H

[H

[H

]gbetgc W.T. Eppbadetahj Cete

Prhvasahjeb eppbadetahj Jh. ?0/0>=,7>1, oabgc hj Epr. =5-511>, ejc prhvasahjeb eppbadetahj Jh. ?0/017,114, oabgc hjEuk. 50, 511>.

Ajt. DR.' ................................................ E?5I 45/47

W.T. DA. 753/373Oagbc ho Tgerdn .......................................... 753/373

]gogrgjdgs Datgc

W.T. PESGJS CHDWFGJST

=,403,??1 E

3,>;?,=;? E

7,==;,74; E

7,=>3,>?; E

7,343,=17 E

7,3?=,13? E

7.75=,=;0 E

7.7=5,=57 E

7.74>,114 E

7,?47,740 E

7,?1?,501 E

?,350,7>> M5

5=/513= Ecefs .......... ....... ...... 7?>/;34

50/51>1 Fgdnhubef gt eb. ..... .. 753/373

;/5114 Tthss gt eb. 7?>/>55

=/5113 Ibhhk gt eb. ........... ..... 753/373

;/5117 Fgdnhubef gt eb. ..... .. 7?0/535

50/5117 Fabdngbb gb eb. .... .... .... 753/457

3/511? Knah gt eb. ....... ........ .... 3=3/37

7/511? Fgdnhubef gt eb. 753/373

;/511? Fgdnhubef gt eb. ..... .. 753/373

?/511; Fgdnhubef gt eb. ..... .. 753/373

5=/511; Feborhy-Defajg gt eb. . 753/5>7

?/=00= Ogbcfejj gt eb. .. .... .... 753/373

PH]GAKJ PESGJS CHDWFGJST

3=;75> Eb

7;?47; Eb?7?473 Eb

?7>73? Eb[01407D545 Eb

[HU35=()(); EA

[01?5=3>7 Eb[01?A>?D5D5 Eb

[01;510?4 Eb

11/7415;

7/5105

5=/5114

?/5117

?/5117

4/5114oa/5UU3

7/511?

?/511?

7/511;

* 50/5111

WTHH??4070;M 5

(50) Petgjt Jh.<

(37) Cetg ho Petgjt<

WT ?,?40,70; AHdt. ;,=004

HSNG] PWMBADESAHJT

[ajcnhbz gt eA., Sng Fgrdi Ajcgx, Sgjtn Gcatahj (51>4) p.=35, emstredt Jh. 5;=4.*

Fgdnhubef gt eA., E Shteb Tyjtngsas ho c5-bb. -Sgtrenycrhdejjemajhb, tng Edtavg Dhjstatugjt ho Nesnasn , Lhur

jeb ho tng Efgradej Dngfadeb Thdagty, >;<53<4=;4-4=;7

(51?7).

FgdnHbbbef gt eA., Dngfadeb Mesas ho Nesnasn Edtavaty,

Tdagjdg, 5><?55-?5= (51;0).Httgrsgj gt eb., 'Sng Drysteb ejc Fhbgduber Ttrudturg ho

Dejjemacahb, Edte Dngf. Tdejc. M 45, 1<>0;->5= (51;;).

Dujne gt eb., Dnrhjad Ecfajastretahj ho Dejjemacahb th

Ngebtny _hbujtggrs ejc Gpabgptad Petagjts , Pnerfedhbhky,

=5<5;7-5>7 (51>0).

Dhjsrhg gt eb., Edutg ejc Dnrhjad Ejtagpabgptad Cruk

Googdts aj Eucahkgjad Tgazurg-Tusdgptambg ]ets, Gxpgra

fgjteb Jgurhbhky, Edecgfad Prgss Ajd., ;0<?=?-?4; (51>0).

Sfiejas gt eA., Gbgdtrhpnysahbhkad Prhpgrtags ho tng Dej

jemajhacs, L Dbaj. Pnerfedeb., =5<331T-3?4T (51>5).

Derbaja gt eA., Nypjhtad ejc Ejtagbpabgptad Googdts ho Dejjemacahb, L Dbaj. Pnerfedeb., =5<35;T-3=;T (51>5).

Iecgr gt eA., Sng Dejjemajhacs es Phtgjtaeb Ejtagpabgp

tads, L. Dbaj. Pnerfedeb., =5<34;T-33>T (51>5).Dhjsrhg gt eA., Ejtagpabgptad Phtgjtaeb ho Dejjemacahb Ejeb

khs, L. Dbaj. Pnerfedeb., =5<3=>T-34?T (51>5).

(Bast dhjtajugc hj jgxt pekg.)

Prafery baxefajgr Igvaj G [gccajkthj

;3) Etthrjgy, Ekgjt, hr Oarf-Iberquast Tperifej, BBP

(7;) EMTS]EDS

Dejjemajhacs nevg mggj ohujc th nevg ejtahxacejt

prhpgrtags, ujrdbetgc th JFCE rgdgpthr ejtekhjasf. Snas

jgw ohujc prhpgrty feigs dejjemajhacs usgoub aj tng trgetfgjt ejc prhpnybexas ho wacg veragty ho hxacetahj esshda

etgc casgesgs, sudn es asdngfad, ekg-rgbetgc, ajobeffethryejc euthaffujg casgesgs. Sng dejjemajhacs erd ohujc th

nevg pertaduber eppbadetahj es jgurhprhtgdtejts, ohr gxefpbg

aj bafatajk jgurhbhkadeb cefekg ohbbhwajk asdngfad ajsubts,

sudn es strhig ejc treufe, hr aj tng trgetfgjt ho jgurhcg

kgjgretavg casgesgs, sudn es Ebzngafgr's casgesg, Periaj

shj's casgesg ejc NA_ cgfgjtae. Jhjpsydnhedtavg

dejjemajhacs, sudn es dejjemachab, erg pertaduberby ecyej

tekghus th usg mgdeusg tngy evhac thxadaty tnet as gjdhuj

tgrgc watn psydnhedtavg gejjemajhacs et nakn chsgs usgoub aj

tng fgtnhc ho tng prgsgjt ajvgjtahj. E pertaduber casdbhsgc

dbess ho dejjemajhacs usgoub es jgurhprhtgdtavg ejtahxacejts

as ohrfube (A) wngrgaj tng ] krhup as ajcgpgjcgjtby sgbgdtgc

orhf tng krhup dhjsastajk ho AA, D5A 4 , ejc DHDAA4 .

A)

=? Dbeafs, ; Crewajk Tnggts



Atgf #=



Jetahjeb Dejdgr Ajstatutg et tng Jetahjeb Ajstatutgs ho Ngebtn

Best Fhcaoagc< 55/=5/=054

Bemhrethry/Ejafeb/Prgdbajadeb Ttucags

Ejtatufhr Googdts

Eppgtatg Ttafubetahj Ejebkgsae

Dejjemajhacs erg e krhup ho =5 -dermhj—dhjteajajk tgrpgjhpngjhbad dhfphujcs prhcudgc ujaqugby my

Dejjemas spgdags (g.k., Dejjemas setave B.) .Y5,=V S ngsg pbejt-cgra vgc dhfphujcs fey mg rgogrrgc th es

pnythdejjemajhacs. Ebtnhukn cgbte-1-tgtrenycrhdejjemajhb (S ND) as tng prafery psydnhedtavg

ajkrgcagjt, htngr ijhwj dhfphujcs watn mahbhkad edtavaty erg dejjemajhb, dejjemacahb (DMC),

dejjemadnrhfgjg, dejjemakgrhb, tgtrenycrhdejjemaveraj, ejc cgbte->-SND. DMC, aj pertaduber, as

tnhuknt th nevg sakjaoadejt ejebkgsad ejc ejta-ajobeffethry edtavaty watnhut tng psydnhedtavg googdt

(nakn) ho cgbte-1-SND.

Ejtatufhr Googdts

Hjg stucy aj fadg ejc rets sukkgstgc tnet dejjemajhacs fey nevg e prhtgdtavg googdt ekeajst tng

cgvgbhpfgjt ho dgrteaj typgs ho tufhrs.Y4V Curajk tnas =-yger stucy, krhups ho fadg ejc rets wgrg kavgj

verahus chsgs ho S ND my kevekg. E chsg-rgbetgc cgdrgesg aj tng ajdacgjdg ho ngpetad ecgjhfe tufhrs

ejc ngpethdgbbuber derdajhfe (NDD) wes hmsgrvgc aj tng fadg. Cgdrgesgc ajdacgjdgs ho mgjakj tufhrs

(phbyps ejc ecgjhfes) aj htngr hrkejs (feffery kbejc, utgrus, patuatery, tgstas, ejc pejdrges) wgrg

ebsh jhtgc aj tng rets. Aj ejhtngr stucy, cgbte-1-SND, cgbte->-SND, ejc dejjemajhb wgrg ohujc th ajnamat

tng krhwtn ho Bgwas bujk ecgjhderdajhfe dgbbs aj vatrh ejc aj vavh .Y3V Aj eccatahj, htngr tufhrs nevg

mggj snhwj th mg sgjsatavg th dejjemajhac-ajcudgc krhwtn ajnamatahj.Y7->V

Dejjemajhacs fey deusg ejtatufhr googdts my verahus fgdnejasfs, ajdbucajk ajcudtahj ho dgbb cgetn,

ajnamatahj ho dgbb krhwtn, ejc ajnamatahj ho tufhr ejkahkgjgsas ajvesahj ejc fgtestesas.Y1-5=V Hjg rgvagw

sufferazgs tng fhbgduber fgdnejasfs ho edtahj ho dejjemajhacs es ejtatufhr ekgjts.Y54V Dejjemajhacs

eppger th iabb tufhr dgbbs mut ch jht eoogdt tngar jhjtrejsohrfgc dhujtgrperts ejc fey gv gj prhtgdt

tngf orhf dgbb cgetn. Sngsg dhfphujcs nevg mggj snhwj th ajcudg ephpthsas aj kbahfe dgbbs aj dubturg

ejc ajcudg rgkrgssahj ho kbahfe tufhrs aj fadg ejc rets. Dejjemajhacs prhtgdt jhrfeb kbaeb dgbbs ho

estrhkbaeb ejc hbakhcgjcrhkbaeb bajgekgs orhf ephpthsas fgcaetgc my tng DM5 rgdgpthr.Y53 V

Dejjemas ejc Dejjemajhacs (PCU®)

Ngebtn Prhogssahjeb _grsahj

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Sng googdts ho cgbte-1-SND ejc e syjtngtad ekhjast ho tng DM= rgdgpthr wgrg ajvgstaketgc aj NDD.Y57V

Mhtn ekgjts rgcudgc tng vaemabaty ho NDD dgbbs aj vatrh ejc cgfhjstretgc ejtatufhr googdts aj NDD

sumdutejghus xgjhkreots aj jucg fadg. Sng ajvgstaketahjs chdufgjtgc tnet tng ejta-NDD googdts erg

fgcaetgc my wey ho tng DM= rgdgpthr. Tafaber th oajcajks aj kbahfe dgbbs, tng dejjemajhacs wgrg snhwj th

trakkgr dgbb cgetn tnrhukn stafubetahj ho ej gjchpbesfad rgtadubuf strgss petnwey tnet edtavetgs

euthpneky ejc prhfhtgs ephpthsas. Htngr ajvgstaketahjs nevg dhjoarfgc tnet DM5 ejc DM= rgdgpthrs

fey mg phtgjtaeb terkgts aj jhj-sfebb dgbb bujk derdajhfe Y5?V ejc mrgest dejdgr.Y5;V

Ej aj vatrh stucy ho tng googdt ho DMC hj prhkreffgc dgbb cgetn aj mrgest dejdgr dgbb bajgs ohujc tnet

DMC ajcudgc prhkreffgc dgbb cgetn, ajcgpgjcgjt ho tng DM5, DM=, hr vejabbhac rgdgpthrs. DMC ajnamatgc

tng survaveb ho mhtn gstrhkgj rgdgpthr—phsatavg ejc gstrhkgj rgdgpthr—jgketavg mrgest dejdgr dgbb bajgs,

ajcudajk ephpthsas aj e dhjdgjtretahj-cgpgjcgjt fejjgr wnabg nevajk battbg googdt hj jhjtufhrakgjad,

feffery dgbbs.Y5>V

DMC nes ebsh mggj cgfhjstretgc th gxgrt e dngfhprgvgjtavg googdt aj e fhusg fhcgb ho dhbhj dejdgr.

Y51V Aj tng gxpgrafgjteb systgf, ezhxyfgtnejg ajdrgesgc prgfebakjejt ejc febakjejt bgsahjs aj tng

fhusg dhbhj. Ejafebs trgetgc watn ezhxyfgtnejg ejc DMC dhjdurrgjtby wgrg prhtgdtgc orhf

cgvgbhpajk prgfebakjejt ejc febakjejt bgsahjs. Aj aj vatrh gxpgrafgjts ajvhbvajk dhbhrgdteb dejdgr dgbbbajgs, tng ajvgstakethrs ohujc tnet DMC prhtgdtgc CJE orhf hxacetavg cefekg, ajdrgesgc

gjchdejjemajhac bgvgbs, ejc rgcudgc dgbb prhbaogretahj.

Ejhtngr ajvgstaketahj ajth tng ejtatufhr googdts ho DMC gxefajgc tng rhbg ho ajtgrdgbbuber ecngsahj

fhbgdubg-5 (ADEF-5).Y5=V ADEF-5 gxprgssahj nes mggj rgphrtgc th mg jgketavgby dhrrgbetgc watn dejdgr

fgtestesas. Aj bujk dejdgr dgbb bajgs, DMC uprgkubetgc ADEF-5, bgecajk th cgdrgesgc dejdgr dgbb

ajvesavgjgss.

Aj ej aj vavh fhcgb usajk sgvgrg dhfmajgc affujhcgoadagjt fadg, sumdutejghus tufhrs wgrg kgjgretgc

my ajhdubetajk tng ejafebs watn dgbbs orhf nufej jhj-sfebb dgbb bujk derdajhfe dgbb bajgs.Y=0V Sufhrkrhwtn wes ajnamatgc my ?0% aj SND-trgetgc fadg dhfpergc watn vgnadbg-trgetgc dhjtrhb fadg. S ufhr

spgdafgjs rgvgebgc tnet SND nec ejtaejkahkgjad ejc ejtaprhbaogretavg googdts. Nhwgvgr, rgsgerdn watn

affujhdhfpgtgjt furajg tufhr fhcgbs nes cgfhjstretgc affujhsupprgssahj ejc gjnejdgc tufhr

krhwtn aj fadg trgetgc watn SND.Y=5,==V

Aj eccatahj, mhtn pbejt-cgravgc ejc gjchkgjhus dejjemajhacs nevg mggj stucagc ohr ejta-ajobeffethry

googdts. E fhusg stucy cgfhjstretgc tnet gjchkgjhus dejjemajhac systgf sakjebajk as baigby th prhvacg

ajtrajsad prhtgdtahj ekeajst dhbhjad ajobeffetahj.Y=4V Es e rgsubt, e nyphtngsas tnet pnythdejjemajhacs

ejc gjchdejjemajhacs fey mg usgoub aj tng rasi rgcudtahj ejc trgetfgjt ho dhbhrgdteb dejdgr nes mggj

cgvgbhpgc.Y=3-=;V

DMC fey ebsh gjnejdg upteig ho dyththxad cruks ajth febakjejt dgbbs. Edtavetahj ho tng trejsagjt

rgdgpthr phtgjtaeb vejabbhac typg = (S]P_=) nes mggj snhwj th ajnamat prhbaogretahj ho nufej

kbahmbesthfe fubtaohrfg dgbbs ejc hvgrdhfg rgsastejdg th tng dngfhtngrepy ekgjt derfustajg.Y=>V Aj

ej aj vatrh fhcgb, DMC ajdrgesgc S]P_= edtavetahj ejc ajdrgesgc upteig ho dyththxad cruks, bgecajk th

ephpthsas ho kbahfe dgbbs watnhut eoogdtajk jhrfeb nufej estrhdytgs. Snas sukkgsts tnet

dhecfajastretahj ho DMC watn dyththxad ekgjts fey ajdrgesg cruk upteig ejc phtgjtaetg dgbb cgetn aj

nufej kbahfe dgbbs.






























Eppgtatg Ttafubetahj

Fejy ejafeb stucags nevg prgvahusby cgfhjstretgc tnet cgbte-1-SND ejc htngr dejjemajhacs nevg e

stafubethry googdt hj eppgtatg ejc ajdrgesg ohhc ajteig. At as mgbagvgc tnet tng gjchkgjhus dejjemajhac

systgf fey sgrvg es e rgkubethr ho oggcajk mgnevahr. Sng gjchkgjhus dejjemajhac ejejcefacg phtgjtby

gjnejdgs eppgtatg aj fadg.Y=1V Fhrghvgr, DM5 rgdgpthrs aj tng nyphtnebefus fey mg ajvhbvgc aj tng

fhtavetahjeb hr rgwerc espgdts ho getajk.Y40V

Ejebkgsae

Wjcgrstejcajk tng fgdnejasf ho dejjemajhac-ajcudgc ejebkgsae nes mggj ajdrgesgc tnrhukn tng stucy

ho dejjemajhac rgdgpthrs, gjchdejjemajhacs, ejc syjtngtad ekhjasts ejc ejtekhjasts. Sng DM5 rgdgpthr

as ohujc aj mhtn tng dgjtreb jgrvhus systgf (DJT) ejc aj pgrapngreb jgrvg tgrfajebs. Tafaber th hpahac

rgdgpthrs, ajdrgesgc bgvgbs ho tng DM5 rgdgpthr erg ohujc aj rgkahjs ho tng mreaj tnet rgkubetg jhdadgptavg

prhdgssajk.Y45V DM= rgdgpthrs, bhdetgc prgchfajejtby aj pgrapngreb tassug, gxast et vgry bhw bgvgbs aj tng

DJT. [atn tng cgvgbhpfgjt ho rgdgpthr-spgdaoad ejtekhjasts, eccatahjeb ajohrfetahj emhut tng rhbgs ho

tng rgdgpthrs ejc gjchkgjhus dejjemajhacs aj tng fhcubetahj ho peaj nes mggj hmteajgc.Y4=,44V

Dejjemajhacs fey ebsh dhjtramutg th peaj fhcubetahj tnrhukn ej ejta-ajobeffethry fgdnejasf9 e DM=

googdt watn dejjemajhacs edtajk hj fest dgbb rgdgpthrs th ettgjuetg tng rgbgesg ho ajobeffethry ekgjts,

sudn es nastefajg ejc sgrhthjaj, ejc hj igretajhdytgs th gjnejdg tng rgbgesg ho ejebkgsad hpahacs nes

mggj cgsdramgc.Y43-4?V Hjg stucy rgphrtgc tnet tng gooadedy ho syjtngtad DM5- ejc DM=-rgdgpthr

ekhjasts wgrg dhfperembg watn tng gooadedy ho fhrpnajg aj e furajg fhcgb ho tufhr peaj.Y4;V

]gogrgjdgs

5. Ecefs AM, Fertaj M]< Dejjemas< pnerfedhbhky ejc thxadhbhky aj ejafebs ejc nufejs. Eccadtahj

15 (55)< 57>7-?53, 511?. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

=. Krhtgjngrfgj O, ]ussh G, gcs.< Dejjemas ejc Dejjemajhacs< Pnerfedhbhky, Shxadhbhky, ejc

Sngrepgutad Phtgjtaeb. Majknefthj, JQ < Sng Newhrtn Prgss, =00=.

4. Jetahjeb Shxadhbhky Prhkref .< JSP thxadhbhky ejc derdajhkgjgsas stucags ho 5-trejs-cgbte(1)-

tgtrenycrhdejjemajhb (DET Jh. 51;=-0>-4) aj O433 rets ejc M?D4O5 fadg (kevekg stucags). Jetb

Shxadhb Prhkref Sgdn ]gp Tgr 33 ? ()< 5-45;, 5 11?. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

3. Maoubdh F, Begzze D, Pasejta T, gt eb.< Dejjemajhacs ejc dejdgr< prhs ejc dhjs ho ej ejtatufhurstretgky. Mr L Pnerfedhb 53 > (=)< 5=4-47, =00?. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

7. Tåjdngz D, cg Dgmebbhs FB, Khfgz cgb Pubker S, gt eb.< Ajnamatahj ho kbahfe krhwtn aj vavh my

sgbgdtavg edtavetahj ho tng DM(=) dejjemajhac rgdgpthr. Dejdgr ]gs ?5 (57)< 7;>3-1, =005.

YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

?. FdIebbap ]L, Bhfmerc D, Oasngr F, gt eb.< Serkgtajk DM= dejjemajhac rgdgpthrs es e jhvgb tngrepy

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th trget febakjejt byfpnhmbestad casgesg. Mbhhc 500 (=)< ?=;-43, =00=. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

;. Desejhve FB, Mbåzqugz D, Fertæjgz-Pebedah L, gt eb.< Ajnamatahj ho siaj tufhr krhwtn ejc

ejkahkgjgsas aj vavh my edtavetahj ho dejjemajhac rgdgpthrs. L Dbaj Ajvgst 555 (5)< 34-70, =004.

YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

>. Mbåzqugz D, Khjzåbgz-Ograe B, Ebvergz B, gt eb.< Dejjemajhacs ajnamat tng vesduber gjchtngbaebkrhwtn oedthr petnwey aj kbahfes. Dejdgr ]gs ?3 (5?)< 7?5; -=4, =003. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

1. Kuzfåj F< Dejjemajhacs< phtgjtaeb ejtadejdgr ekgjts. Jet ]gv Dejdgr 4 (50)< ;37-77, =004.

YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

50. Mbåzqugz D, Desejhve FB, Pbejes E, gt eb.< Ajnamatahj ho tufhr ejkahkgjgsas my dejjemajhacs.

OETGM L 5; (4)< 7=1-45, =004. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

55. _eddeja E, Fessa P, Dhbhfmh E, gt eb.< Dejjemacahb ajnamats nufej kbahfe dgbb fakretahj tnrhukn e

dejjemajhac rgdgpthr-ajcgpgjcgjt fgdnejasf. Mr L Pnerfedhb 533 (>)< 504=-?, =007. YPWMFGC

E mst re dtV

5=. ]efgr ], Mumbatz I, Orgafutn J, gt eb.< Dejjemacahb ajnamats bujk dejdgr dgbb ajvesahj ejc

fgtestesas vae ajtgrdgbbuber ecngsahj fhbgdubg-5. OETGM L =? (3)< 5747-3>, =05=. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

54. _gbesdh K, Tåjdngz D, Kuzfåj F< Shwercs tng usg ho dejjemajhacs es ejtatufhur ekgjts. Jet ]gv

Dejdgr 5= (?)< 34?-33, =05=. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

53 . Shrrgs T, Bhrgjtg F, ]hcrækugz-Ohrjás O, gt eb.< E dhfmajgc prgdbajadeb tngrepy ho dejjemajhacs

ejc tgfhzhbhfacg ekeajst kbahfe. Fhb Dejdgr Sngr 50 (5)< 10-504, =05 5. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

57. _ere C, Tebezer F, Hbge-Ngrrgrh J, gt eb.< Ejta-tufhreb edtahj ho dejjemajhacs hj ngpethdgbbuber

derdajhfe< rhbg ho EFPI-cgpgjcgjt edtavetahj ho euthpneky. Dgbb Cgetn Caoogr 5> (;)< 5011-555,

=055. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

5?. Prggt E, Uefra \, Jessgr F[, gt eb.< Dejjemajhac rgdgpthrs, DM5 ejc DM=, es jhvgb terkgts ohr

ajnamatahj ho jhj-sfebb dgbb bujk dejdgr krhwtn ejc fgtestesas. Dejdgr Prgv ]gs (Pnabe) 3 (5)< ?7-

;7, =055. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

5; . Jessgr F[, Uefra \, Cghb QT, gt eb.< Drhsstebi mgtwggj dngfhiajg rgdgpthr D^D]3 ejc

dejjemajhac rgdgpthr DM= aj fhcubetajk mrgest dejdgr krhwtn ejc ajvesahj. PBhT Hjg ? (1)<

g=4105, =055. YPWMFGC EmstredtV















5>. Tnravesteve E, Iuzhjtihsia PF, Krhhpfej LG, gt eb.< Dejjemacahb ajcudgs prhkreffgc dgbb cgetn

aj mrgest dejdgr dgbbs my dhhrcajetajk tng drhss-tebi mgtwggj ephpthsas ejc euthpneky. Fhb

Dejdgr Sngr 50 (;)< 55?5-;=, =055. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

51. Evagbbh K, ]hfejh M, Mhrrgbba O, gt eb.< Dngfhprgvgjtavg googdt ho tng jhj-psydnhtrhpad

pnythdejjemajhac dejjemacahb hj gxpgrafgjteb dhbhj dejdgr. L Fhb Fgc (Mgrb) 10 (>)< 1=7-43,=05=. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

=0. Prggt E, Kejlu ]I, Krhhpfej LG< Cgbte1-Sgtrenycrhdejjemajhb ajnamats gpatngbaeb krhwtn oedthr-

ajcudgc bujk dejdgr dgbb fakretahj aj vatrh es wgbb es ats krhwtn ejc fgtestesas aj vavh. Hjdhkgjg

=; (4)< 441-3?, =00>. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

=5. \nu B^, Tnerfe T, Tthbaje F, gt eb.< Cgbte-1-tgtrenycrhdejjemajhb ajnamats ejtatufhr affujaty my

e DM= rgdgpthr-fgcaetgc, dythiajg-cgpgjcgjt petnwey. L Affujhb 5?7 (5)< 4;4->0, =000.

YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

==. FdIebbap ]L, Jekerietta F, Jekerietta PT< Cgbte-1-tgtrenycrhdejjemajhb gjnejdgs mrgest dejdgr

krhwtn ejc fgtestesas my supprgssahj ho tng ejtatufhr affujg rgsphjsg. L Affujhb 5;3 (?)<

4=>5-1, =007. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

=4. Fesse O, Fersadejh K, Ngrfejj N, gt eb.< Sng gjchkgjhus dejjemajhac systgf prhtgdts ekeajst

dhbhjad ajobeffetahj. L Dbaj Ajvgst 554 (>)< 5=0=-1, =003 . YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

=3. Petshs NE, Nadis CL, Krggjnhukn E, gt eb.< Dejjemajhacs ejc dejdgr< phtgjtaeb ohr dhbhrgdteb

dejdgr tngrepy. Mahdngf Thd Srejs 44 (Pt 3)< ;5=-3, =007. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

=7. Bau [F, Ohwbgr C[, Cebkbgasn EK< Dejjemas-cgravgc sumstejdgs aj dejdgr tngrepy--ej gfgrkajk

ejta-ajobeffethry rhbg ohr tng dejjemajhacs. Durr Dbaj Pnerfedhb 7 (3)< =>5-;, =05 0. YPWMFGC

E mst re dtV

=?. Feboatejh EF, Daekbae G, Kejkgfa K, gt eb.< Wpcetg hj tng gjchdejjemajhac systgf es ejejtadejdgr terkgt. Gxpgrt Hpaj Sngr Serkgts 57 (4)< =1;-40>, =055. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

=;. Teroerez T, Ecnefa _F, Tygc CJ, gt eb.< Dejjemajhacs ohr dejdgr trgetfgjt< prhkrgss ejc

prhfasg. Dejdgr ]gs ?> (=)< 441-3=, =00>. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

=>. Jemassa F, Fhrgbba FM, Tejthja F, gt eb.< Srakkgrajk ho tng S]P_= dnejjgb my dejjemacahb

sgjsatazgs kbahmbesthfe dgbbs th dy ththxad dngfhtngrepgutad ekgjts. Derdajhkgjgsas 43 (5)< 3>-7;,













=054. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

=1. Fgdnhubef ], Mgrry GF, Evrenef Q, gt eb.< Gjchdejjemajhacs, oggcajk ejc sudibajk--orhf hur

pgrspgdtavg. Ajt L Hmgs (Bhjc) 40 (Tuppb 5)< T=3->, =00?. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

40. Oracg G, Mrgkfej S, Iarinef SD< Gjchdejjemajhacs ejc ohhc ajteig< jgwmhrj sudibajk ejc

eppgtatg rgkubetahj aj ecubtnhhc. Gxp Mahb Fgc (Feywhhc) =40 (3)< ==7-43, =007. YPWMFGC

E mst re dtV

45. [ebigr LF, Nhnfejj EK, Fertaj [L, gt eb.< Sng jgurhmahbhky ho dejjemajhac ejebkgsae. Baog Tda

?7 (?-;)< ??7-;4, 5111. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

4=. Fgjk AC, Fejjajk MN, Fertaj [L, gt eb.< Ej ejebkgsae darduat edtavetgc my dejjemajhacs. Jeturg

417 (?;00)< 4>5-4, 511>. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

44. [ebigr LF, Nuejk TF, Ttrejkfej JF, gt eb.< Peaj fhcubetahj my rgbgesg ho tng gjchkgjhus

dejjemajhac ejejcefacg. Prhd Jetb Edec Tda W T E 1? (=5)< 5=51>-=04, 5111. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

43. Oedda B, Ceb Shsh ], ]hfejgbbh T, gt eb.< Fest dgbbs gxprgss e pgrapngreb dejjemajhac rgdgpthr watn

caoogrgjtaeb sgjsatavaty th ejejcefacg ejc pebfathybgtnejhbefacg. Prhd Jetb Edec Tda W T E 1=

(>)< 44;?->0, 5117. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

47. Amrenaf FF, Phrrgde O, Bea L, gt eb.< DM= dejjemajhac rgdgpthr edtavetahj prhcudgs

ejtajhdadgptahj my stafubetajk pgrapngreb rgbgesg ho gjchkgjhus hpahacs. Prhd Jetb Edec Tda W T E

50= (>)< 4014->, =007. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

4?. ]adnercshj LC, Iabh T, Nerkrgevgs IF< Dejjemajhacs rgcudg nypgrebkgsae ejc ajobeffetahj vae

ajtgredtahj watn pgrapngreb DM5 rgdgpthrs. Peaj ;7 (5)< 555-1, 511>. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

4;. Inesemhve AE, Kagbassgj L, Dnejcarefeja E, gt eb.< DM5 ejc DM= rgdgpthr ekhjasts prhfhtg

ejebkgsae tnrhukn syjgrky aj e furajg fhcgb ho tufhr peaj. Mgnev Pnerfedhb == (7-?)< ?0;-5?,

=055. YPWMFGC EmstredtV















Nufej/Dbajadeb Ttucags

Dejjemas Pnerfedhbhky

Dejdgr ]asi Dejdgr Srgetfgjt

Ejtagfgtad Googdt

Dejjemajhacs

Dejjemas


Dejjemajhacs

Dejjemas

Ejebkgsae

Dejjemajhacs

Dejjemas

Ejxagty ejc Tbggp

Dejjemas

Durrgjt Dbajadeb S raebs

Dejjemas Pnerfedhbhky

[ngj Dejjemas as ajkgstgc my fhutn, tngrg as e bhw (?%—=0%) ejc veraembg hreb maheveabemabaty.Y5,=V

Pgei pbesfe dhjdgjtretahjs ho cgbte-1-tgtrenycrhdejjemajhb (SND) hddur eotgr 5 th ? nhurs ejc rgfeaj

gbgvetgc watn e tgrfajeb nebo-baog ho =0 th 40 nhurs. S eigj my fhutn, cgbte-1-SND as ajataebby

fgtemhbazgc aj tng bavgr th 5 5-HN-SND, e phtgjt psydnhedtavg fgtemhbatg. [ngj ajnebgc, dejjemajhacs

erg repacby emshrmgc ajth tng mbhhcstrgef watn e pgei dhjdgjtretahj aj = th 50 fajutgs, cgdbajajk

repacby ohr e pgrahc ho 40 fajutgs ejc watn bgss kgjgretahj ho tng psydnhedtavg 55 -HN fgtemhbatg.

Dejjemajhacs erg ijhwj th ajtgredt watn tng ngpetad dy thdnrhfg P3 70 gjzyfg systgf.Y4,3V Aj hjg

stucy, =3 dejdgr petagjts wgrg trgetgc watn ajtrevgjhus arajhtgdej (?00 fk, j 6 5=) hr chdgtexgb (5>0

fk, j 6 5=), ohbbhwgc 4 wggis betgr my tng sefg cruks dhjdhfatejt watn fgcadajeb Dejjemas teigj aj tng



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ohrf ho ej ngrmeb tge ohr 57 dhjsgdutavg ceys, stertajk 5= ceys mgohrg tng sgdhjc trgetfgjt.Y3V Sng

ecfajastretahj ho Dejjemas cac jht sakjaoadejtby ajobugjdg gxphsurg th ejc dbgerejdg ho arajhtgdej hr

chdgtexgb, ebtnhukn tng ngrmeb tge rhutg ho ecfajastretahj fey jht rgprhcudg tng googdts ho ajnebetahj hr

hreb ajkgstahj ho oet-shbumbg dejjemajhacs.

Dejdgr ]asi

E jufmgr ho stucags nevg yagbcgc dhjobadtajk gvacgjdg rgkercajk tng rasis ho verahus dejdgrs esshdaetgc

watnDejjemas usg.

E phhbgc ejebysas ho tnrgg desg-dhnhrt stucags ho fgj aj jhrtnwgstgrj Eorade (340 desgs ejc ;;>

dhjtrhbs) snhwgc e sakjaoadejtby ajdrgesgc rasi ho bujk dejdgr efhjk thmeddh sfhigrs wnh ebsh ajnebgc

Dejjemas.Y7V

E berkg, rgtrhspgdtav g dhnhrt stucy ho ?3,>77 fgj ekgc 57 th 3 1 ygers orhf tng Wjatgc Ttetgs ohujc tnet

Dejjemas usg wes jht esshdaetgc watn thmeddh-rgbetgc dejdgrs ejc e jufmgr ho htngr dhffhj

febakjejdags. Nhwgvgr, tng stucy cac oajc tnet, efhjk jhjsfhigrs ho thmeddh, gv gr nevajk usgc

Dejjemas wes esshdaetgc watn ej ajdrgesgc rasi ho prhstetg dejdgr.Y?V

E phpubetahj-mesgc desg-dhjtrhb stucy ho ?55 bujk dejdgr petagjts rgvgebgc tnet dnrhjad bhwDejjemas

gxphsurg wes jht esshdaetgc watn ej ajdrgesgc rasi ho bujk dejdgr hr htngr uppgr egrhcakgstavg tredt

dejdgrs ejc ohujc jh phsatavg esshdaetahjs watn ejy dejdgr typg (hreb, pneryjkgeb, beryjkgeb, bujk, hr

gshpnekus) wngj eclustajk ohr sgvgreb dhjohujcgrs, ajdbucajk dakergttg sfhiajk.Y;V

E systgfetad rgvagw essgssajk 51 stucags tnet gvebuetgc prgfebakjejt hr febakjejt bujk bgsahjs aj

pgrshjs 5> ygers hr hbcgr wnh ajnebgc feralueje dhjdbucgc tnet hmsgrvetahjeb stucags oeabgc th

cgfhjstretg stetastadebby sakjaoadejt esshdaetahjs mgtwggj feralueje ajnebetahj ejc bujk dejdgr eotgr

eclustajk ohr thmeddh usg.Y>V

[atn e nyphtngsas tnet dnrhjad feralueje usg prhcudgs ecvgrsg googdts hj tng nufej gjchdrajg ejc

rgprhcudtavg systgfs, tng esshdaetahj mgtwggj feralueje usg ejc ajdacgjdg ho tgstaduber kgrf dgbb

tufhrs (SKDSs) nes mggj gxefajgc.Y1-55V Snrgg phpubetahj-mesgc desg-dhjtrhb stucags rgphrt ej

esshdaetahj mgtwggj feralueje usg ejc gbgvetgc rasi ho SKDSs, gspgdaebby jhjsgfajhfe hr faxgc-

nasthbhky tufhrs.Y1-55V Nhwgvgr, tng sefpbg sazgs aj tngsg stucags wgrg ajecgquetg th eccrgss feralueje

chsg my eccrgssajk esshdaetahjs watn rgspgdt th rgdgjdy, orgqugjdy, ejc curetahj ho usg. Sngsg gerby

rgphrts ho feralueje usg ejc SKDSs gstembasn tng jggc ohr berkgr, wgbb-phwgrgc, prhspgdtavg stucags,

gspgdaebby stucags gvebuetajk tng rhbg ho gjchdejjemajhac sakjebajk ejc dejjemajhac rgdgpthrs aj SKDSs.

E dhfprgngjsavg Ngebtn Dejece fhjhkrepn hj feralueje dhjdbucgc tnet wnabg tngrg erg fejy dgbbuberejc fhbgduber stucags tnet prhvacg strhjk gvacgjdg tnet ajnebgc feralueje as derdajhkgjad, tng

gpacgfahbhkad gv acgjdg ho e baji mgtwggj feralueje usg ejc dejdgr as stabb ajdhjdbusavg.Y5=V

Dejdgr Srgetfgjt

Jh dbajadeb traebs ho Dejjemas es e trgetfgjt ohr dejdgr aj nufejs wgrg acgjtaoagc aj e PumFgc sgerdn9

nhwgvgr, e sajkbg, sfebb stucy ho ajtretufhreb ajlgdtahj ho cgbte-1-SND aj petagjts watn rgdurrgjt

kbahmbesthfe fubtaohrfg rgphrtgc phtgjtaeb ejtatufhreb edtav aty.Y54,53 V




































Ejtagfgtad Googdt

Dejjemajhacs

Cgspatg ecvejdgs aj pnerfedhbhkad ejc jhjpnerfedhbhkad fejekgfgjt, jeusge ejc vhfatajk (J/_)

rgfeaj castrgssajk sacg googdts ohr dejdgr petagjts ejc tngar oefabags. Crhjemajhb, e syjtngtadebby

prhcudgc cgbte-1-SND, wes epprhvgc aj tng Wjatgc Ttetgs aj 51>? es ej ejtagfgtad th mg usgc aj dejdgr

dngfhtngrepy. Jemabhjg, e syjtngtad cgravetavg ho cgbte-1-SND, wes oarst epprhvgc aj Dejece aj 51>=

ejc as jhw ebsh eveabembg aj tng Wjatgc Ttetgs.Y57V Mhtn crhjemajhb ejc jemabhjg nevg mggj epprhvgc my

tng W.T. Ohhc ejc Cruk Ecfajastretahj ohr tng trgetfgjt ho J/_ esshdaetgc watn dejdgr dngfhtngrepy

aj petagjts wnh nevg oeabgc th rgsphjc th dhjvgjtahjeb ejtagfgtad tngrepy. Jufgrhus dbajadeb traebs ejc

fgte-ejebysgs nevg snhwj tnet crhjemajhb ejc jemabhjg erg googdtavg aj tng trgetfgjt ho J/_ ajcudgc

my dngfhtngrepy.Y5?-51V Sng Jetahjeb Dhfprgngjsavg Dejdgr Jgtwhri Kuacgbajgs rgdhffgjc

dejjemajhacs es mrgeitnrhukn trgetfgjt ohr dngfhtngrepy-rgbetgc J/_.

Hjg systgfetad rgvagw stucagc 40 rejchfazgc dhfperashjs ho cgbte-1-SND prgperetahjs watn pbedgmh hr

htngr ejtagfgtads orhf wnadn cete hj gooadedy ejc nerf wgrg eveabembg.Y=0V Hreb jemabhjg, hreb

crhjemajhb, ejc ajtrefusduber bgvhjejtrechb (e syjtngtad ejebhk ho crhjemajhb) wgrg tgstgc. Ajnebgc

Dejjemas traebs wgrg jht ajdbucgc. Efhjk ebb 5,4?? petagjts ajdbucgc aj tng rgvagw, dejjemajhacs wgrg

ohujc th mg fhrg googdtavg tnej tng dhjvgjtahjeb ejtagfgtads prhdnbhrpgrezajg, fgthdbhprefacg,

dnbhrprhfezajg, tnagtnybpgrezajg, nebhpgrachb, chfpgrachjg, ejc ebazepracg. Dejjemajhacs, nhwgvgr,

wgrg jht fhrg googdtav g ohr petagjts rgdgavajk vgry bhw hr vgry nakn gfgthkgjad dngfhtngrepy. Tacg

googdts ajdbucgc e oggbajk ho mgajk nakn, gupnhrae, sgcetahj hr crhwsajgss, cazzajgss, cyspnhrae hr

cgprgssahj, nebbudajetahjs, perejhae, ejc nyphtgjsahj.Y=0V Jgwgr ejtagfgtads (g.k., 7-NS4 rgdgpthr

ejtekhjasts) nevg jht mggj cargdtby dhfpergc watn Dejjemas hr dejjemajhacs aj dejdgr petagjts.

Ejhtngr ejebysas ho 57 dhjtrhbbgc stucags dhfpergc jemabhjg watn pbedgmh hr ev eabembg ejtagfgtad cruks.

Y=5V Efhjk ?00 dejdgr petagjts, jemabhjg wes ohujc th mg supgrahr th prhdnbhrpgrezajg, chfpgrachjg,

ejc ebazepracg, watn jemabhjg oevhrgc ohr dhjtajuhus usg.

(]gogr th tng Dejjemas sgdtahj aj tng PCU suffery hj Jeusge ejc _hfatajk ohr fhrg ajohrfetahj.)

Dejjemas

Snrgg traebs nevg gvebuetgc tng gooadedy ho ajnebgc feralueje aj dngfhtngrepy-ajcudgc J/_.Y==-=3V Aj

twh ho tng stucags, ajnebgc Dejjemas wes fecg eveabembg hjby eotgr crhjemajhb oeaburg. Aj tng oarst traeb,

jh ejtagfgtad googdt wes ednagvgc watn feralueje aj petagjts rgdgavajk dydbhpnhspnefacg hr

chxhrumadaj,Y==V mut aj tng sgdhjc traeb, e stetastadebby sakjaoadejt supgrahr ejtagfgtad googdt ho ajnebgc

Dejjemas vgrsus pbedgmh wes ohujc efhjk petagjts rgdgavajk nakn-chsg fgtnhtrgxetg.Y=4V Sng tnarc

traeb wes e rejchfazgc, chumbg-mbajc, pbedgmh-dhjtrhbbgc, drhss-hvgr traeb ajvhbvajk =0 ecubts aj wnadn

mhtn ajnebgc feralueje ejc hreb SND wgrg gvebuetgc. Hjg-quertgr ho tng petagjts rgphrtgc e oevhrembg

ejtagfgtad rgsphjsg th tng dejjemajhac tngrepags. Snas bettgr stucy wes rgphrtgc aj emstredt ohrf aj

51>3. E oubb rgphrt, cgteabajk tng fgtnhcs ejc hutdhfgs eppergjtby nes jht mggj pumbasngc, wnadn bafats

e tnhrhukn ajtgrprgtetahj ho tng sakjaoadejdg ho tngsg oajcajks.Y=3V








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Ejhrgxae, gerby setagty, wgaknt bhss, ejc dedngxae erg prhmbgfs gxpgragjdgc my dejdgr petagjts. Tudn

petagjts erg oedgc jht hjby watn tng casoakurgfgjt esshdaetgc watn westajk mut ebsh watn ej ajemabaty th

gjkekg aj tng shdaeb ajtgredtahj ho fgebs.

Dejjemajhacs

Snrgg dhjtrhbbgc traebs cgfhjstretgc tnet hreb SND nes veraembg googdts hj eppgtatg stafubetahj ejc wgaknt bhss aj petagjts watn ecvejdgc febakjejdags ejc nufej affujhcgoadagjdy varus (NA_) ajogdtahj.

Y=5V Hjg stucy gvebuetgc wngtngr crhjemajhb ebhjg hr watn fgkgstrhb edgtetg wes krgetgr, bgss, hr gqueb

aj gooadedy th fgkgstrhb edgtetg ebhjg ohr fejekajk dejdgr-esshdaetgc ejhrgxae.Y=7V Aj tnas rejchfazgc,

chumbg-mbajc stucy ho 3?1 ecubts watn ecvejdgc dejdgr ejc wgaknt bhss, petagjts rgdgavgc =.7 fk ho hreb

SND twadg ceaby, >00 fk ho hreb fgkgstrhb ceaby, hr mhtn. Eppgtatg ajdrgesgc my ;7% aj tng fgkgstrhb

krhup ejc wgaknt ajdrgesgc my 55 %, dhfpergc watn e 31% ajdrgesg aj eppgtatg ejc e 4% ajdrgesg aj

wgaknt aj tng hreb SND krhup eotgr > th 55 wggis ho trgetfgjt. Sngsg twh caoogrgjdgs wgrg stetastadebby

sakjaoadejt. Ourtngrfhrg, tng dhfmajgc tngrepy cac jht hoogr eccatahjeb mgjgoats mgyhjc tnhsg prhvacgc

my fgkgstrhb edgtetg ebhjg. S ng eutnhrs dhjdbucgc tnet crhjemajhb cac battbg th prhfhtg eppgtatg hr

wgaknt keaj aj ecvejdgc dejdgr petagjts dhfpergc watn fgkgstrhb edgtetg. Nhwgvgr, e sfebbgr, pbedgmh-

dhjtrhbbgc traeb ho crhjemajhb aj dejdgr petagjts cgfhjstretgc afprhvgc ejc gjnejdgc dngfhsgjshry

pgrdgptahj aj tng dejjemajhac krhup–ohhc testgc mgttgr, eppgtatg ajdrgesgc, ejc tng prhphrtahj ho

debhrags dhjsufgc es prhtgaj wes krgetgr tnej aj tng pbedgmh rgdapagjts.Y=?V

Aj e rejchfazgc dbajadeb traeb, rgsgerdngrs dhfpergc tng seogty ejc googdtavgjgss ho hrebby ecfajastgrgc

Dejjemas gxtredt (=.7 fk SND ejc 5 fk dejjemacajhb), SND (=.7 fk), hr pbedgmh ohr tng trgetfgjt ho

dejdgr-rgbetgc ejhrgxae-dedngxae aj =34 petagjts watn ecvejdgc dejdgr wnh rgdgavgc trgetfgjt twadg

ceaby ohr ? wggis. ]gsubts cgfhjstretgc tnet ebtnhukn tngsg ekgjts wgrg wgbb thbgretgc my tngsg petagjts,

jh caoogrgjdgs wgrg hmsgrvgc aj petagjt eppgtatg hr quebaty ho baog efhjk tng tnrgg krhups et tnas chsgbgvgb ejc curetahj ho ajtgrvgjtahj.Y=;V

Ejhtngr dbajadeb traeb tnet ajvhbvgc 541 petagjts watn NA_ hr EACT ejc wgaknt bhss ohujc tnet, dhfpergc

watn pbedgmh, hreb crhjemajhb wes esshdaetgc watn e stetastadebby sakjaoadejt ajdrgesg aj eppgtatg eotgr 3 th

? wggis ho trgetfgjt. Petagjts rgdgavajk crhjemajhb tgjcgc th nevg wgaknt stemabazetahj, wngrges petagjts

rgdgavajk pbedgmh dhjtajugc th bhsg wgaknt.Y=>V

Dejjemas

Aj traebs dhjcudtgc aj tng 51>0s tnet ajvhbvgc ngebtny dhjtrhb sumlgdts, ajnebajk Dejjemas bgc th ej

ajdrgesg aj debhrad ajteig, feajby aj tng ohrf ho mgtwggj-fgeb sjedis, watn ajdrgesgc ajteigs ho oetty ejc

swggt ohhcs.Y=1,40V Jh pumbasngc stucags nevg gxpbhrgc tng googdt ho ajnebgcDejjemas hj eppgtatg aj

dejdgr petagjts.

Ejebkgsae

Dejjemajhacs





















Peaj fejekgfgjt afprhvgs e petagjt‑s quebaty ho baog tnrhuknhut ebb stekgs ho dejdgr. Snrhukn tng stucy

ho dejjemajhac rgdgpthrs, gjchdejjemajhacs, ejc syjtngtad ekhjasts ejc ejtekhjasts, tng fgdnejasfs ho

dejjemajhac-ajcudgc ejebkgsae nevg mggj ejebyzgc. Sng DM5 rgdgpthr as ohujc aj tng dgjtreb jgrvhus

systgf (DJT) ejc aj pgrapngreb jgrvg tgrfajebs.Y45V DM= rgdgpthrs erg bhdetgc feajby aj pgrapngreb

tassug ejc erg gxprgssgc aj hjby bhw efhujts aj tng DJT. [ngrges hjby DM5 ekhjasts gxgrt ejebkgsad

edtavaty aj tng DJT, mhtn DM5 ejc DM= ekhjasts nevg ejebkgsad edtavaty aj pgrapngreb tassug.Y4=,44V

Dejdgr peaj rgsubts orhf ajobeffetahj, ajvesahj ho mhjg hr htngr peaj-sgjsatavg strudturgs, hr jgrvg

ajlury. [ngj dejdgr peaj as sgvgrg ejc pgrsastgjt, at as hotgj rgsastejt th trgetfgjt watn hpahacs.

Swh stucags gxefajgc tng googdts ho hreb cgbte-1-SND hj dejdgr peaj. Sng oarst, e chumbg-mbajc pbedgmh-

dhjtrhbbgc stucy ajvhbvajk tgj petagjts, fgesurgc mhtn peaj ajtgjsaty ejc peaj rgbago.Y43V At wes rgphrtgc

tnet 57 fk ejc =0 fk chsgs ho tng dejjemajhac cgbte-1-SND wgrg esshdaetgc watn sumstejtaeb ejebkgsad

googdts, watn ejtagfgtad googdts ejc eppgtatg stafubetahj.

Aj e ohbbhw-up, sajkbg-chsg stucy ajvhbvajk 4? petagjts, at wes rgphrtgc tnet 50 fk chsgs ho cgbte-1-SND

prhcudgc ejebkgsad googdts curajk e ;-nhur hmsgrvetahj pgrahc tnet wgrg dhfperembg th ?0 fk chsgs ho

dhcgajg, ejc =0 fk chsgs ho cgbte-1-SND ajcudgc googdts gquavebgjt th 5=0 fk chsgs ho dhcgajg.Y47V

Nakngr chsgs ho S ND wgrg ohujc th mg fhrg sgcetavg tnej dhcgajg.

Ejhtngr stucy gxefajgc tng googdts ho e wnhbg-pbejt gxtredt watn dhjtrhbbgc dejjemajhac dhjtgjt aj ej

hrhfudhseb sprey. Aj e fubtadgjtgr, chumbg-mbajc, pbedgmh-dhjtrhbbgc stucy, tng SND<dejjemacahb

jemaxafhbs (SND<DMC) gxtredt ejc SND gxtredt ebhjg wgrg dhfpergc aj tng ejebkgsad fejekgfgjt ho

petagjts watn ecvejdgc dejdgr ejc watn fhcgretg-th-sgvgrg dejdgr-rgbetgc peaj. Petagjts wgrg essakjgc

th hjg ho tnrgg trgetfgjt krhups< SND<DMC gxtredt, SND gxtredt, hr pbedgmh. S ng rgsgerdngrs

dhjdbucgc tnet tng SND<DMC gxtredt wes gooadedahus ohr peaj rgbago aj ecvejdgc dejdgr petagjts wnhsg

peaj wes jht oubby rgbagvgc my strhjk hpahacs.Y4?V Aj e rejchfazgc, pbedgmh-dhjtrhbbgc, krecgc-chsg

traeb, hpahac-trgetgc dejdgr petagjts watn phhrby dhjtrhbbgc dnrhjad peaj cgfhjstretgc sakjaoadejtby mgttgr dhjtrhb ho peaj ejc sbggp casruptahj watn SND<DMC hrhfudhseb sprey et bhwgr chsgs (5—3 ejc ?—

50 spreys/cey), dhfpergc watn pbedgmh. Ecvgrsg gvgjts wgrg chsg rgbetgc, watn hjby tng nakn-chsg

krhup (55—5 ? spreys/cey) dhfperajk ujoevhremby watn tng pbedgmh erf. Sngsg stucags prhvacg

prhfasajk gvacgjdg ho ej ‒ecluvejt ejebkgsad‖ googdt ho SND<DMC aj tnas hpahac-rgoredthry petagjt

phpubetahj ejc fey prhvacg ej hpphrtujaty th eccrgss tnas sakjaoadejt dbajadeb dnebbgjkg.Y4;V Ej hpgj-

bemgb gxtgjsahj stucy ho 34 petagjts wnh nec pertadapetgc aj tng rejchfazgc traeb ohujc tnet shfg

petagjts dhjtajugc th hmteaj rgbago ho tngar dejdgr-rgbetgc peaj watn bhjk-tgrf usg ho tng SND<DMC

hrhfudhseb sprey watnhut ajdrgesajk tngar chsg ho tng sprey hr tng chsg ho tngar htngr ejebkgsads.Y4>V

Ej hmsgrv etahjeb stucy essgssgc tng googdtavgjgss ho jemabhjg aj ecvejdgc dejdgr petagjts wnh wgrggxpgragjdajk peaj ejc htngr syfpthfs (ejhrgxae, cgprgssahj, ejc ejxagty). Sng rgsgerdngrs rgphrtgc

tnet petagjts wnh usgc jemabhjg gxpgragjdgc afprhvgc fejekgfgjt ho peaj, jeusge, ejxagty, ejc

castrgss wngj dhfpergc watn ujtrgetgc petagjts. Jemabhjg wes ebsh esshdaetgc watn e cgdrgesgc usg ho

hpahacs, jhjstgrhaceb ejta-ajobeffethry cruks, tradydbad ejtacgprgssejts, kemepgjtaj, cgxefgtneshjg,

fgthdbhprefacg, ejc hjcejsgtrhj.Y41V

Dejjemas

Ejafeb stucags nevg sukkgstgc e syjgrkastad ejebkgsad googdt wngj dejjemajhacs erg dhfmajgc watn





























hpahacs. Sng rgsubts orhf hjg pnerfedhiajgtad ajtgredtahj stucy nevg mggj rgphrtgc. Aj tnas stucy, =5

petagjts watn dnrhjad peaj wgrg ecfajastgrgc vephrazgc Dejjemas ebhjk watn susteajgc-rgbgesg fhrpnajg

hr hxydhchjg ohr 7 ceys.Y30V Sng petagjts wnh rgdgavgc vephrazgc Dejjemas ejc susteajgc-rgbgesg

fhrpnajg nec e stetastadebby sakjaoadejt cgdrgesg aj tngar fgej peaj sdhrg hvgr tng 7-cey pgrahc9 tnhsg

wnh rgdgav gc vephrazgc Dejjemas ejc hxydhchjg cac jht. Sngsg oajcajks snhubc mg vgraoagc my ourtngr

stucags mgohrg rgdhffgjcetahjs oevhrajk sudn ej epprhedn erg werrejtgc aj kgjgreb dbajadeb predtadg.

Jgurhpetnad peaj as e syfpthf dejdgr petagjts fey gxpgragjdg, gspgdaebby ao trgetgc watn pbetajuf-

mesgc dngfhtngrepy hr texejgs. Sh cetg, jh dbajadeb traeb nes gxefajgc tng googdtavgjgss ho dejjemajhac

prgperetahjs aj tng trgetfgjt ho dngfhtngrepy-ajcudgc jgurhpetnad peaj.

Swh rejchfazgc dhjtrhbbgc traebs ho ajnebgcDejjemas aj petagjts watn pgrapngreb jgurhpetny hr

jgurhpetnad peaj ho verahus gtahbhkags ohujc tnet peaj wes rgcudgc aj petagjts wnh rgdgavgc ajnebgc

Dejjemas, dhfpergc watn tnhsg wnh rgdgavgc pbedgmh.Y35 ,3=V S wh eccatahjeb traebs ho ajnebgc Dejjemas

nevg ebsh cgfhjstretgc tng mgjgoat ho Dejjemas hv gr pbedgmh aj NA_-esshdaetgc jgurhpetnad peaj.

Y34,33V

Ejxagty ejc Tbggp

Dejjemas

Petagjts hotgj gxpgragjdg fhhc gbgvetahj eotgr gxphsurg th Dejjemas, cgpgjcajk hj tngar prahr

gxpgragjdg. Aj e oavg-petagjt desg sgrags ho ajnebgc feralueje tnet gxefajgc tng ejebkgsad googdts ho SND,

at wes rgphrtgc tnet petagjts ecfajastgrgc SND nec afprhvgc fhhc, afprhvgc sgjsg ho wgbb-mgajk, ejc

bgss ejxagty.Y37V

Ejhtngr dhffhj googdt ho Dejjemas as sbggpajgss. Aj e traeb ho e sumbajkueb sprey, e Dejjemas-mesgcfaxturg wes embg th afprhvg sbggp quebaty.Y3?V E sfebb pbedgmh-dhjtrhbbgc stucy ho crhjemajhb aj dejdgr

petagjts watn ebtgrgc dngfhsgjshry pgrdgptahj ebsh jhtgc ajdrgesgc quebaty ho sbggp ejc rgbexetahj aj

SND-trgetgc petagjts.Y=?V

Durrgjt Dbajadeb Sraebs

Dngdi JDA‑s bast ho dejdgr d bajadeb traebs ohr dejdgr DEF dbajadeb traebs hj crhjemajhb, feralueje,

jemaxafhbs ejc jemabhjg tnet erg edtavgby gjrhbbajk petagjts.

Kgjgreb ajohrfetahj emhut dbajadeb traebs as ebsh eveabembg orhf tng JDA [gm satg.

]gogrgjdgs



=. Ekurgbb T, Nebbcaj F, Bajckrgj LG, gt eb.< Pnerfedhiajgtads ejc fgtemhbasf ho cgbte 5-

tgtrenycrhdejjemajhb ejc htngr dejjemajhacs watn gfpnesas hj fej. Pnerfedhb ]gv 4> (5)< =5-

34, 51>?. YPWMFGC EmstredtV



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4. Qefefhth A, [etejemg I, Jerafetsu T, gt eb.< ]gdgjt ecvejdgs aj tng fgtemhbasf ho

dejjemajhacs. Ajt L Mahdngf Dgbb Mahb =; (>)< ;3 5-?, 5117. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

3. Gjkgbs OI, cg Lhjk OE, Tperrgmhhf E, gt eb.< Fgcadajeb dejjemas chgs jht ajobugjdg tng dbajadeb

pnerfedhiajgtads ho arajhtgdej ejc chdgtexgb. Hjdhbhkast 5= (4)< =15-400, =00;. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

7. Mgrtnabbgr L, Ttreao I, Mhjahb F, gt eb.< Dejjemas sfhiajk ejc rasi ho bujk dejdgr aj fgj< e phhbgc

ejebysas ho tnrgg stucags aj Feknrgm. L Snhred Hjdhb 4 (5=)< 541>-304, =00>. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

?. Tacjgy T, Uugsgjmgrry DP Lr, Oragcfej KC, gt eb.< Feralueje usg ejc dejdgr ajdacgjdg (Debaohrjae,

Wjatgc Ttetgs). Dejdgr Deusgs Dhjtrhb > (7)< ;==->, 511;. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

;. Nesnamg F, Fhrkgjstgrj N, Dua Q, gt eb.< Feralueje usg ejc tng rasi ho bujk ejc uppgr

egrhcakgstavg tredt dejdgrs< rgsubts ho e phpubetahj-mesgc desg-dhjtrhb stucy. Dejdgr GpacgfahbMahferigrs Prgv 57 (50)< 5>=1-43, =00?. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

>. Fgnre ], Fhhrg ME, Drhtngrs I, gt eb.< Sng esshdaetahj mgtwggj feralueje sfhiajk ejc bujk

dejdgr< e systgfetad rgv agw. Erdn Ajtgrj Fgc 5?? (54)< 5471-?;, =00?. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

1. Cebajk L], Chhcy C], Tuj ^, gt eb.< Esshdaetahj ho feralueje usg ejc tng ajdacgjdg ho tgstaduber

kgrf dgbb tufhrs. Dejdgr 557 (?)< 5=57-=4, =001. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

50. Sremgrt M, Takurcshj EL, Twggjgy EF, gt eb.< Feralueje usg ejc tgstaduber kgrf dgbb tufhrs.

Dejdgr 55 ; (3)< >3>-74, =055 . YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

55 . Bedshj LD, Derrhbb LC, Suezhj G, gt eb.< Phpubetahj-mesgc desg-dhjtrhb stucy ho rgdrgetahjeb cruk

usg ejc tgstas dejdgr rasi dhjoarfs ej esshdaetahj mgtwggj feralueje usg ejc jhjsgfajhfe rasi.

Dejdgr 55> (=5)< 74;3->4, =05=. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

5=. Ngebtn Dejece.< Feranueje (Feralueje, Dejjemas)< Cragc Pbejt ohr Ecfajastretahj my Ajkgstahj hr

Htngr Fgejs. Httewe, Dejece< Ngebtn Dejece, =050. Eveabembg hjbajg . Best eddgssgc Hdthmgr 40,

=054.

54. Kuzfåj F, Cuertg FL, Mbåzqugz D, gt eb.< E pabht dbajadeb stucy ho Cgbte1-tgtrenycrhdejjemajhb aj

petagjts watn rgdurrgjt kbahmbesthfe fubtaohrfg. Mr L Dejdgr 17 (=)< 51;-=04, =00?. YPWMFGC

E mst re dtV

53. _gbesdh K, Tåjdngz D, Kuzfåj F< Shwercs tng usg ho dejjemajhacs es ejtatufhur ekgjts. Jet ]gv


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Dejdgr 5= (?)< 34?-33, =05=. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

57. Tutthj A], Cegjajdi P< Dejjemajhacs aj tng fejekgfgjt ho ajtredtembg dngfhtngrepy-ajcudgc

jeusge ejc vhfatajk ejc dejdgr-rgbetgc peaj. L Tupphrt Hjdhb 3 (50)< 745-7, =00? Jhv-Cgd.

YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

5?. Enfgczea T, Derbybg CB, Debcgr AS, gt eb.< Ejta-gfgtad gooadedy ejc thxadaty ho jemabhjg, e syjtngtaddejjemajhac, aj bujk dejdgr dngfhtngrepy. Mr L Dejdgr 3> (7)< ?7;-?4, 51>4. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

5; . Dnej NT, Dhrrgae LE, FedBghc TF< Jemabhjg vgrsus prhdnbhrpgrezajg ohr dhjtrhb ho dejdgr

dngfhtngrepy-ajcudgc gfgsas aj dnabcrgj< e chumbg-mbajc, drhsshvgr traeb. Pgcaetrads ;1 (?)< 13?-

7=, 51>;. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

5>. Lhnejsshj ], Iabiiu P, Krhgjrhhs F< E chumbg-mbajc, dhjtrhbbgc traeb ho jemabhjg vs.

prhdnbhrpgrezajg ohr rgoredthry gfgsas ajcudgc my dejdgr dngfhtngrepy. Dejdgr Srget ]gv 1

(Tuppb M)< =7-44, 51>=. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

51. Jaarejgj E, Fettshj I< E drhss-hvgr dhfperashj ho jemabhjg ejc prhdnbhrpgrezajg ohr gfgsas

ajcudgc my dejdgr dngfhtngrepy. Ef L Dbaj Hjdhb > (3)< 44?-30, 51>7. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

=0. Srefîr F], Derrhbb C, Defpmgbb OE, gt eb.< Dejjemajhacs ohr dhjtrhb ho dngfhtngrepy ajcudgc

jeusge ejc vhfatajk< quejtatetavg systgfetad rgvagw. MFL 4=4 (;404)< 5?-=5, =005 . YPWMFGC

E mst re dtV

=5. Mgj Efer F< Dejjemajhacs aj fgcadajg< E rgvagw ho tngar tngrepgutad phtgjtaeb. L

Gtnjhpnerfedhb 507 (5-=)< 5-=7, =00?. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

==. Dnejk EG, Tnabajk CL, Ttabbfej ]D, gt eb.< E prhspgdtavg gvebuetahj ho cgbte-1-

tgtrenycrhdejjemajhb es ej ejtagfgtad aj petagjts rgdgavajk ecraefydaj ejc dy thxej

dngfhtngrepy. Dejdgr 3; (;)< 5;3?-75, 51>5. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

=4. Dnejk EG, Tnabajk CL, Ttabbfej ]D, gt eb.< Cgbte-1-tgtrenycrhdejjemajhb es ej ejtagfgtad aj dejdgr

petagjts rgdgav ajk nakn-chsg fgtnhtrgxetg. E prhspgdtavg, rejchfazgc gvebuetahj. Ejj Ajtgrj

Fgc 15 (?)< >51-=3, 51;1. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

=3. Bgvatt F, Oeafej D, Newis ], gt eb.< ]ejchfazgc chumbg mbajc dhfperashj ho cgbte-1-

tgtrenycrhdejjemajhb ejc feralueje es dngfhtngrepy ejtagfgtads. YEmstredtV Prhdggcajks ho tng

Efgradej Thdagty ho Dbajadeb Hjdhbhky 4< E-D473 , 15, 51>3.













=7. Letha E, [ajcsdnatb NG, Bhprajza DB, gt eb.< Crhjemajhb vgrsus fgkgstrhb edgtetg vgrsus

dhfmajetahj tngrepy ohr dejdgr-esshdaetgc ejhrgxae< e Jhrtn Dgjtreb Dejdgr Srgetfgjt Krhup

stucy. L Dbaj Hjdhb =0 (=)< 7?;-;4, =00=. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

=?. Mrasmhas SC, cg Ihdi AN, [etejemg TF, gt eb.< Cgbte-1-tgtrenycrhdejjemajhb fey pebbaetg ebtgrgc

dngfhsgjshry pgrdgptahj aj dejdgr petagjts< rgsubts ho e rejchfazgc, chumbg-mbajc, pbedgmh-

dhjtrhbbgc pabht traeb. Ejj Hjdhb == (1)< =0>?-14, =055. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

=;. Ttressgr O, Buotjgr C, Phssajkgr I, gt eb.< Dhfperashj ho hrebby ecfajastgrgc dejjemas gxtredt ejc

cgbte-1-tgtrenycrhdejjemajhb aj trgetajk petagjts watn dejdgr-rgbetgc ejhrgxae-dedngxae

syjcrhfg< e fubtadgjtgr, pnesg AAA, rejchfazgc, chumbg-mbajc, pbedgmh-dhjtrhbbgc dbajadeb traeb

orhf tng Dejjemas-Aj-Dedngxae-Ttucy-Krhup. L Dbaj Hjdhb =3 (=5)< 4413-300, =00?. YPWMFGC

E mst re dtV

=>. Mgeb LG, Hbshj ], Beumgjstgaj B, gt eb.< Crhjemajhb es e trgetfgjt ohr ejhrgxae esshdaetgc watn

wgaknt bhss aj petagjts watn EACT. L Peaj Tyfpthf Fejekg 50 (=)< >1-1;, 5117. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

=1. Ohbtaj ][, Mrecy L_, Oasdnfej F[< Mgnevahreb ejebysas ho feralueje googdts hj ohhc ajteig aj

nufejs. Pnerfedhb Mahdngf Mgnev =7 (4)< 7;;->=, 51>?. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

40. Ohbtaj ][, Oasdnfej F[, Myrjg FO< Googdts ho sfhigc feralueje hj ohhc ajteig ejc mhcy

wgaknt ho nufejs bavajk aj e rgsacgjtaeb bemhrethry . Eppgtatg 55 (5)< 5-53 , 51>>. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

45. [ebigr LF, Nhnfejj EK, Fertaj [L, gt eb.< Sng jgurhmahbhky ho dejjemajhac ejebkgsae. Baog Tda?7 (?-;)< ??7-;4, 5111. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

4=. Debakjejh E, Be ]eje K, Kauoorace E, gt eb.< Dhjtrhb ho peaj ajataetahj my gjchkgjhus dejjemajhacs.

Jeturg 413 (??10)< =;; ->5, 511>. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

44. Oagbcs NB, Fgjk AC< [etdnajk tng pht mhab. Jet Fgc 3 (1)< 500>-1, 511>. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

43. Jhygs ] Lr, Mruji TO, Meref CE, gt eb.< Ejebkgsad googdt ho cgbte-1-tgtrenycrhdejjemajhb. L Dbaj

Pnerfedhb 57 (=-4)< 541-34, 51;7 Ogm-Fer. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

47. Jhygs ] Lr, Mruji TO, Evgry CE, gt eb.< Sng ejebkgsad prhpgrtags ho cgbte-1-tgtrenycrhdejjemajhb

ejc dhcgajg. Dbaj Pnerfedhb Sngr 5> (5)< >3-1, 51;7. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

4?. Lhnjshj L], Murjgbb-Jukgjt F, Bhssakjhb C, gt eb.< Fubtadgjtgr, chumbg-mbajc, rejchfazgc,

pbedgmh-dhjtrhbbgc, perebbgb-krhup stucy ho tng gooadedy , seogty, ejc thbgremabaty ho SND<DMC














gxtredt ejc SND gxtredt aj petagjts watn ajtredtembg dejdgr-rgbetgc peaj. L Peaj Tyfpthf Fejekg

41 (=)< 5?;-;1, =050. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

4;. Phrtgjhy ]I, Kejeg-Fhtej GC, Ebbgjcg T, gt eb.< Jemaxafhbs ohr hpahac-trgetgc dejdgr petagjts

watn phhrby-dhjtrhbbgc dnrhjad peaj< e rejchfazgc, pbedgmh-dhjtrhbbgc, krecgc-chsg traeb. L Peaj

54 (7)< 34>-31, =05=. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

4>. Lhnjshj L], Bhssakjhb C, Murjgbb-Jukgjt F, gt eb.< Ej hpgj-bemgb gxtgjsahj stucy th ajvgstaketg

tng bhjk-tgrf seogty ejc thbgremabaty ho SND/DMC hrhfudhseb sprey ejc hrhfudhseb SND sprey

aj petagjts watn tgrfajeb dejdgr-rgbetgc peaj rgoredthry th strhjk hpahac ejebkgsads. L Peaj

Tyfpthf Fejekg 3? (=)< =0;-5>, =054. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

41. Feace _, Gjjas F, Areja T, gt eb.< Eclujdtavg jemabhjg aj dejdgr peaj ejc syfpthf fejekgfgjt< e

prhspgdtavg hmsgrvetahjeb stucy usajk prhpgjsaty sdhrajk. L Tupphrt Hjdhb ? (4)< 55 1-=3, =00>.

YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

30. Emrefs CA, Dhugy P, Tnecg TM, gt eb.< Dejjemajhac-hpahac ajtgredtahj aj dnrhjad peaj. Dbaj

Pnerfedhb S ngr 10 (?)< >33 -75, =055. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

35 . [absgy M, Ferdhttg S , Cgutsdn ], gt eb.< Bhw-chsg vephrazgc dejjemas sakjaoadejtby afprhvgs

jgurhpetnad peaj. L Peaj 53 (=)< 54?-3>, =054. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

3=. [absgy M, Ferdhttg S, Sshcaihv E, gt eb.< E rejchfazgc, pbedgmh-dhjtrhbbgc, drhsshvgr traeb ho

dejjemas dakergttgs aj jgurhpetnad peaj. L Peaj 1 (?)< 70?-=5, =00>. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

34. Emrefs CA, Ley DE, Tnecg TM, gt eb.< Dejjemas aj peajoub NA_-esshdaetgc sgjshry jgurhpetny< e

rejchfazgc pbedgmh-dhjtrhbbgc traeb. Jgurhbhky ?> (;)< 757-=5, =00;. YPWMFGC EmstredtV

33 . Gbbas ]L, Shpgrhoo [, _eace O, gt eb.< Tfhigc fgcadajeb dejjemas ohr jgurhpetnad peaj aj NA_< e

rejchfazgc, drhsshvgr dbajadeb traeb. Jgurhpsydnhpnerfedhbhky 43 (4)< ?;=->0, =001. YPWMFGC

E mst re dtV

37. Jhygs ] Lr, Meref CE< Dejjemas ejebkgsae. Dhfpr Psydnaetry 57 (?)< 745-7, 51;3 Jhv-Cgd.

YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

3?. ]ussh GM, Kuy K[, ]hmshj PL< Dejjemas, peaj, ejc sbggp< bgsshjs orhf tngrepgutad dbajadeb traebs

ho Tetavgx, e dejjemas-mesgc fgcadajg. Dngf Mahcavgrs 3 (>)< 5;=1-34, =00;. YPWMFGC Emstre dtV
















Ecvgrsg Googdts

Dejjemas ejc Dejjemajhacs

Dejjemas ejc Dejjemajhacs

Mgdeusg dejjemajhac rgdgpthrs, ujbaig hpahac rgdgpthrs, erg jht bhdetgc aj tng mreajstgf erges

dhjtrhbbajk rgsparetahj, bgtneb hvgrchsgs orhf Dejjemas ejc dejjemajhacs ch jht hddur.Y5-3V Nhwgvgr,

dejjemajhac rgdgpthrs erg prgsgjt aj htngr tassugs tnrhuknhut tng mhcy, jht lust aj tng dgjtreb jgrvhus

systgf, ejc ecvgrsg googdts ajdbucg tednydercae, nyphtgjsahj, dhjlujdtaveb ajlgdtahj, mrhjdnhcabetahj,

fusdbg rgbexetahj, ejc cgdrgesgc kestrhajtgstajeb fhtabaty.

Ebtnhukn dejjemajhacs erg dhjsacgrgc my shfg th mg eccadtavg cruks, tngar eccadtavg phtgjtaeb as

dhjsacgremby bhwgr tnej tnet ho htngr prgsdramgc ekgjts hr sumstejdgs ho emusg.Y3V S ng mreaj cgvgbhps e

thbgrejdg th dejjemajhacs.

[atncreweb syfpthfs sudn es arratemabaty, ajshfjae watn sbggp gbgdtrhgjdgpnebhkref casturmejdg,

rgstbgssjgss, nht obesngs, ejc, rergby, jeusge ejc drefpajk nevg mggj hmsgrvgc. Nhwgvgr, tngsg

syfpthfs eppger th mg fabc dhfpergc watn watncreweb syfpthfs esshdaetgc watn hpaetgs hr

mgjzhcaezgpajgs, ejc tng syfpthfs usuebby cassapetg eotgr e ogw ceys.

Wjbaig htngr dhffhjby usgc cruks, dejjemajhacs erg sthrgc aj ecaphsg tassug ejc gxdrgtgc et e bhw retg

(nebo-baog 5—4 ceys), sh gv gj emrupt dgssetahj ho dejjemajhac ajteig as jht esshdaetgc watn repac cgdbajgs

aj pbesfe dhjdgjtretahjs tnet whubc prgdapatetg sgvgrg hr emrupt watncreweb syfpthfs hr cruk

drevajks.

Tajdg Dejjemas sfhig dhjteajs fejy ho tng sefg dhfphjgjts es thmeddh sfhig, tngrg erg v ebac

dhjdgrjs emhut tng ecvgrsg pubfhjery googdts ho sfhigcDejjemas. E bhjkatucajeb stucy aj e jhjdejdgr

phpubetahj gvebuetgc rgpgetgc fgesurgfgjts ho pubfhjery oujdtahj hvgr =0 ygers aj 7,557 fgj ejc

whfgj wnhsg sfhiajk nasthrags wgrg ijhwj.Y7V [nabg thmeddh gxphsurg wes esshdaetgc watn cgdrgesgc

pubfhjery oujdtahj, tng ajvgstakethrs dhjdbucgc tnet hddesahjeb ejc bhw-dufubetavg Dejjemas usg wes



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jht esshdaetgc watn ecvgrsg googdts hj pubfhjery oujdtahj (ohrdgc gxparethry v hbufg aj tng oarst sgdhjc

ho gxparetahj YOG_5V ejc ohrdgc vateb depedaty YO_DV).

]gogrgjdgs



=. Krhtgjngrfgj O, ]ussh G, gcs.< Dejjemas ejc Dejjemajhacs< Pnerfedhbhky, Shxadhbhky, ejc

Sngrepgutad Phtgjtaeb. Majknefthj, JQ < Sng Newhrtn Prgss, =00=.

4. Tutthj A], Cegjajdi P< Dejjemajhacs aj tng fejekgfgjt ho ajtredtembg dngfhtngrepy-ajcudgc

jeusge ejc vhfatajk ejc dejdgr-rgbetgc peaj. L Tupphrt Hjdhb 3 (50)< 745-7, =00? Jhv-Cgd.

YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

3. Kuzfåj F< Dejjemajhacs< phtgjtaeb ejtadejdgr ekgjts. Jet ]gv Dejdgr 4 (50)< ;37-77, =004.

YPWMFGC Emstre dtV

7. Pbgtdngr FL, _attajknhoo G, Iebnej ], gt eb.< Esshdaetahj mgtwggj feralueje gxphsurg ejc

pubfhjery oujdtahj hvgr =0 ygers. LEFE 40; (=)< 5;4->5, =05=. YPWMFGC EmstredtV







P]HHO HO TG]_ADG MQ FEAB

A, Tgmestaej Peppes, ef e datazgj ho tng Wjatgc Ttetgs ejc rgsacgjt ho Fassahj_aglh, Debaohrjae. Fy eccrgss as ==;?= Espej Tt., #=0=-50;, Debaohrjae. Hj Cgdgfmgr1, =054, A sgrvgc tng Eppgbbejts‑ Snarc ]gqugst ohr Lucadaeb Jhtadg hj tng ajtgrgstgcpertags aj tnas desg snhwj mgbhw my cgphsatajk sgperetg gjvgbhpgs eccrgssgc th gedn hotngf aj wnadn tng eohrgfgjtahjgc chdufgjts wgrg gjdbhsgc ejc phstekg peac ejceooaxgc ajth tng W.T. Feab et Beig Ohrgst, Debaohrjae<

Fhsgs Lhnjshj, A_Esst. Daty EtthrjgyEjengaf Daty Etthrjgy=00 T. Ejengaf Mbvc., Tuatg 47?Ejengaf, DE 1=>07

Dbgri ho tng Hrejkg Dhujty Tupgrahr DhurtOhr< Nhj. Cevac Dneoogg;00 Davad Dgjtgr Cravg [gst

Tejte Eje, DE 1=;05

Lgoorgy CujjMgst, Mgst, ejc Irgakgr5>505 _hj Ierfej Evg, Ttg. 5000Arvajg, DE 1=?5=

Hooadg ho tng Debaohrjae Etthrjgy Kgjgreb5400 ‒A‖ TtrggtP.H. Mhx 133=77Tedrefgjth, DE 13=33-=770

A cgdberg ujcgr pgjebty ho pgrlury ujcgr tng bews ho tng Wjatgc Ttetgs ejc tng

bews ho tng stetg ho Debaohrjae tnet tng eohrgfgjtahjgc as trug ejc dhrrgdt<

G^GDWSGC tnas 1tn cey ho Cgdgfmgr, =054 et Beig Ohrgst, DE, Wjatgc Ttetgs

ho Efgrade.

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXTgmestaej Peppes

G048303 (Patients' Third Request for Judicial Notice) Modiano v. City of Anaheim (California...

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Transcript of G048303 (Patients' Third Request for Judicial Notice) Modiano v. City of Anaheim (California...