G. the upshot of English politics 1. As representatives of the people, Parliament had the right to...
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![Page 1: G. the upshot of English politics 1. As representatives of the people, Parliament had the right to choose rulers 2. English Declaration of Rights, 1689.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649eff5503460f94c1449b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
G. the upshot of English politics
1. As representatives of the people, Parliament had the right to choose rulers
2. English Declaration of Rights, 1689
- written rules limiting power of Monarchy
3. Toleration Act, 1688
- Religious freedom
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E. Justifying the Glorious Revolution and the “beginning” of the Enlightenment
John Locke
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II. The Enlightenment
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Review Sessions
• Wed., Feb. 4 - 3:00 pm HUMB 114» Rebecca
• Wed., Feb. 4 - 5:00 pm HUMB 116» Angie
• Thurs., Feb. 5 - 7:30 pm HUMB 360?» Bob
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D. Enlightenment and Rational Government
1. Locke - Two Treatises on Government
2. Montesquieu - The Spirit of the LawsThe Spirit of the Laws, 1748
a. each type of government has a spirit
b. govt.’s need checks/balances
c. justice must be blind
4. Jefferson - Declaration of Independence
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3. Rousseau, The Social Contract
justice achieved when needs of people balanced
with legitimate powers of government
So where does this bring us…?
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The Age of Revolutions?• English develop concepts of Natural Rights
• Philosophes critical of authority for tradition’s sake
• society can be built on secular/rational values
• the quality of a government should reflect the quality of its people
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III. Empire of Reason: the American Revolution
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A. Extensive Revolution1. Began as defense of “property rights”
a. Seven Years War , 1756-63
b. end of “benign neglect”
2. “conservative” leadership
a. North: merchants, lawyers
b. South: planters
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B. Intensive Revolution
1. “Rights of Englishmen” threatened
a. Proclamation of 1763
b. decline in eligible voters
2. Leaders turn anger against British
Sam Adams Patrick Henry
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3. Liberty
Declaration of Independence,
- Jefferson
“Give me Liberty, or give me death”
- Henry
Thomas Paine, Common Sense
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C. Unintended consequences
1. “The spirit of Liberty has spread where it was not intended to go…”
2. Decline in deference
3. Rise of the “new men”
The Spirit of ‘76
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4. Articles of Confederation, 1775-1789
dominated by states, new men
5. Pennsylvania State Constitution
“stay laws”
6. Shays’ Rebellion, 1786-87
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D. the Counter-revolution
1. Competing definitions of “liberty”
2. The U.S. Constitutional Convention, 1787
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3. Balancing property rights v. economic opportunity
- slavery approved
- the Bill of Rights
James Madison
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E. The Great Experiment
1. Republic of Enlightenment virtues
2. Republic of enlightened self-interest
liberty = the right of free (white) men to
control their own economic, political
destiny
Liberty not made universal