The Cold War Detonation of Nuclear Device "Badger" During Operation Upshot-Knothole Original...
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Transcript of The Cold War Detonation of Nuclear Device "Badger" During Operation Upshot-Knothole Original...
The Cold WarThe Cold War
Detonation of Nuclear Device "Badger" During Operation Upshot-Knothole Original caption: Badger, part of Operation Upshot-Knothole, was a 23 kiloton tower shot fired April 18, 1953 at the Nevada Test Site
Cold War Basics:Cold War Basics:
• Who?Who?– Tensions between 2 Tensions between 2
“superpowers” (The “superpowers” (The United States and United States and USSR)USSR)
• When?When?– 1945-1991 (End of 1945-1991 (End of
WWII to fall of Berlin WWII to fall of Berlin Wall)Wall)
Cold War Basics:Cold War Basics:
• Where?Where?– Whole WorldWhole World
• What?What?– Arms RaceArms Race– Space RaceSpace Race– SpyingSpying– PropagandaPropaganda
Cold War Basics:Cold War Basics:
• Why fear Why fear communism?communism?– They want to They want to
take away take away private property!private property!
– They take away They take away their people’s their people’s rights (ex. rights (ex. Speech, religion)Speech, religion)
– They want to They want to spread their spread their ideas worldwideideas worldwide
““Hot Wars”:Hot Wars”:
• Korean WarKorean War
• Vietnam WarVietnam War
Korean War Veterans Memorial - Washington, DC
Europe after WWII:Europe after WWII:
• USSR USSR occupies East occupies East EuropeEurope– Fall of “Iron Fall of “Iron
Curtain”Curtain”
• Europe Europe divides East & divides East & WestWest
View of Political Officials Talking at Iron Curtain
Soviet “Satellites”:Soviet “Satellites”:
• Satellites Satellites – East European East European
countries that countries that “revolve” “revolve” around the around the USSRUSSR
• Meant to protect Meant to protect USSR from US USSR from US influence, future influence, future German attackGerman attack
Truman Doctrine:Truman Doctrine:
• US will US will support all support all free peoples free peoples around the around the world from world from communist communist influenceinfluence– Ex. Greece & Ex. Greece &
TurkeyTurkeyHarry S. Truman 1948
Containment:Containment:
• US will stop US will stop communism communism from spreading from spreading (but not attack (but not attack existing existing communist communist countries)countries)
• Domino TheoryDomino Theory – if one country – if one country falls, then others falls, then others will too (like will too (like dominos)dominos)
Marshall Plan:Marshall Plan:
• What?What?– US gives billions US gives billions
to European to European countriescountries
• Why?Why?– Countries with Countries with
healthy healthy economies do economies do not go not go communistcommunist
Berlin Blockade & Airlift:Berlin Blockade & Airlift:
• What?What?– USSR blocks all USSR blocks all
supplies to West supplies to West BerlinBerlin
• Why?Why?– Wanted it to merge Wanted it to merge
with East Berlinwith East Berlin• Results?Results?
– US airlifts 2.3 US airlifts 2.3 million tons for 1 million tons for 1 year until Stalin year until Stalin gives up!gives up!
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Org):Org):
• What?What?– Alliance where an Alliance where an
attack on one is an attack on one is an attack on allattack on all
• Why?Why?– Contain Contain
communism by communism by working with other working with other democracies to democracies to protect each otherprotect each other
1949: A big year for 1949: A big year for communismcommunism
• 3 bad trends?3 bad trends?– Soviets get the Soviets get the
atomic bomb atomic bomb (Rosenbergs!)(Rosenbergs!)
– China becomes China becomes communistcommunist
– America America becomes becomes paranoid (fear!)paranoid (fear!)
A mushroom cloud towers 20,000 feet above Nagasaki
McCarthyism & Red Scare:McCarthyism & Red Scare:
• What?What?– Joseph McCarthy of Joseph McCarthy of
Wisconsin accuses Wisconsin accuses people of being people of being communists communists
– Ruined thousands Ruined thousands of livesof lives
– Stopped once he Stopped once he began to attack began to attack the armythe army
Korean War:Korean War:
• Who fights & why?Who fights & why?– North Korea, China North Korea, China
vs South Korea, vs South Korea, US, & UN US, & UN
– Communist North Communist North Korea invades Korea invades South Korea, South Korea, crossing 38crossing 38thth ParallelParallel
Korean War:Korean War:
• Truman’s Truman’s Response:Response:– Puts Douglas Puts Douglas
MacArthur in MacArthur in charge of forces charge of forces
– Leads amphibious Leads amphibious attack on Inchon attack on Inchon
– Keeps pushing Keeps pushing north until almost north until almost at Chinaat China
Korean War:Korean War:
• Truman and Truman and MacArthur:MacArthur:– MacArthur wants MacArthur wants
to take the war to to take the war to China to win China to win (includes using (includes using nukes on major nukes on major Chinese cities) Chinese cities)
– Truman says no – Truman says no – ends up firing ends up firing MacArthur MacArthur
– Seen as political Seen as political suicide for Trumansuicide for Truman
Korean War:Korean War:
• Armistice and Armistice and Today:Today:– Negotiated Negotiated
truce at 38truce at 38thth parallel parallel
Space race:Space race:
• Sputnik:Sputnik:– Soviets put 1Soviets put 1stst
satellite into satellite into space = fear! space = fear! (next time it (next time it could be bombs)could be bombs)
– US begins to US begins to “race” Soviets “race” Soviets to space to space
Guide Displays Model of Sputnik
Spying race:Spying race:
• U2 Crisis:U2 Crisis:– US U2 Spy plane US U2 Spy plane
is shot down is shot down over USSR = over USSR = crisiscrisis
– Hurts our Hurts our reputationreputation
Gary Powers, ca. 1960
Berlin Wall (Propaganda Berlin Wall (Propaganda race):race):• Why?:Why?:
– East Germans flee East Germans flee to West = to West = embarrassment for embarrassment for USSRUSSR
– Build a wall to Build a wall to keep them inkeep them in
– It becomes symbol It becomes symbol of cold warof cold war
Graffiti on Berlin Wall
Bay of Pigs Crisis:Bay of Pigs Crisis:
• Why?:Why?:– US trains US trains
revolutionaries to revolutionaries to overthrow Castro overthrow Castro in Cubain Cuba
• Why a problem?Why a problem?– US fails to provide US fails to provide
air support and air support and they are captured they are captured (embarrassing!)(embarrassing!)
Cuban Missile Crisis:Cuban Missile Crisis:
• Why?:Why?:– USSR begins to place USSR begins to place
missiles in Cuba that missiles in Cuba that could reach UScould reach US
• What happens?What happens?– For 13 days we sit on For 13 days we sit on
brink of WWIII with a brink of WWIII with a blockade of Cubablockade of Cuba
– Finally – a Finally – a compromise is compromise is reached! (Soviets reached! (Soviets back down)back down)