Future Energy Systems: Challenges on Modelling and Control Uncertainties + Big-Data
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Transcript of Future Energy Systems: Challenges on Modelling and Control Uncertainties + Big-Data
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 1/73
@fglongatt@fglongatt
Wind Farm
MTDC
Vice‐President
Venezuelan Wind Energy Association
Dr Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt
@fglongatt@fglongatt
3th April 2015Kasetsart University
Bangkok, Thailand
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 2/73
Overview of The Presentation • Where I am coming from…
• Future Energy Systems: structure and operation• Sources of Uncertainties• Sources of “Big-Data”
• Modelling and control Challenges• More data-driving Modelling and control
• Research Projects
• Closure
• Q&A Session…
Thinking about
potential solutions
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 3/73
@fglongatt@fglongattThis section presents a general introduction about where I am coming from.
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 4/73
1. Where is Loughborough located?• It began as a Saxon village. • At the time of the Domesday Book (1086) Loughborough probably had
a population of about 180-200.• Loughborough College of Technology and a grammar school
(founded in 1495).
• Population in 57,600, Leicestershire, central England, on the Soar River
99 miles (159km) north west of London
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 5/73
2. How the heck do you say that?!• 2. How the heck do you say that?!
Loughborough (lŭf´bәrә)
Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zv4vRbwSlBI
Uploaded on 21 Jun 2009An American friend of mine, having arrived from Arizona that very day, gets a bit thrown by having to pronounce "Loughborough".
It's Luth-bruh ;)Source: http://www.loughboroughecho.net/news/local‐news/town‐hard‐say‐5805363
WELCOME TO Lugabaruga!New research has found that Loughborough is one of the hardest places to pronounce for out-of-town visitors.
Aussies stop and say "Hey mate, can you tell us the way to Lugabaruga?" "You mean Loughborough"
Lugabaruga!
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 6/73
Loughborough University• Loughborough University created on 1966 from the Technical Institute (est
1906).• Over 16,000 full-and part-time students, around 4,000 postgraduates and over 2,500 are international
students• ~4000 members of staff of which ~1500 academic & research• Income of £245.2m of which 64% external research funding
Facts and Figures• Loughborough University features in the top 15 in all three
UK university rankings (13th of 121).• Loughborough is the only university to have been voted
England's Best Student Experience for six consecutive yearsin the Times Higher Education league table.
• Loughborough has been named University of the Year forSport by The Times Good University Guide 2014.
• Loughborough has been outstandingly successful in receivinga total of seven prestigious Queen’s Anniversary Prizes forHigher and Further Education.
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 7/73
Loughborough UniversityResearch intensive university, largest single-site campus in the UK
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 8/73
School of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering• The original pre-charter (1966) Electrical Engineering Department became the Department
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering.• Over 600 full-time students, 100 academic/admin/technical staff and 30 research staff.• 95% of our research was rated as of an ‘international standard’ in the 2008 UK Research Assessment
Exercise.• Research portfolio worth £130 million from world-leading engineering companies and Government
Research Councils.
Facts and Figures• Ranked 1st for graduate employability
(2013).• Ranked equal 1st in the UK for career
prospects (2012).• Ranked 7th in the UK, out of over 60
other universities for Electrical andElectronic Engineering (2013).
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 9/73
Research Group: Energy Division
Overall team• Gottschalg (HoV), Prof• Eames (Dir CREST), Prof• Novac, Prof• Smith, Prof• Walls, Prof• Watson, Prof• Iza, SL• Rowley, SL• Thomson, SL• Betts, L• Blanchard, L• Bowers, L• Claudio, L• Gonzalez-Longatt, L
14 FTE academics (2014)6 Prof, 4 SL, 5 L>80 RA&PhD
Holywell and Sir Denis Rooke buildings
Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology (CREST)
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 10/73
Research Group: Energy Division
Plasma Pulsed Power
Near room temperature atmospheric plasmas and ultrashort and highly repetitive pulsed electric fields for novel applications
Compact and repetitive high-power generators.Explosively-driven flux-compression generators.Fast transient diagnostics: Ultrahigh magnetic field indoor generation (up to 350T).
Applied Photovoltaics - APV (Gottschalg, Betts)Energy Storage (Eames)Networks and systems (Thomson, Rowley, Gonzalez-Longatt)Photovoltaic Materials – PV-Mat (Walls, Bowers, Claudio)RE for Development (Blanchard)Wind and water power (Watson)
11
22 33
Compact 10 GW generator
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 11/73
@fglongatt@fglongattBasic considerations of Future Energy Systems
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 12/73
Power Network (Present) Energy Systems FutureProliferation of nonconventionalrenewablegeneration – largelystochastic and intermittent(wind, PV, marine) at alllevels and of various sizes
• Large on-shore and offshore wind farms
Offshore wind power
Storage
Electric-vehicles
Renewable Energy Resources
@fglongatt@fglongatt
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 13/73
Power Network (Present) Energy Systems Future
MTDC
Multi-terminal HVDC
Increased use of HVDClines of both, LCC and predominantly VSCtechnology (in meshed networks and as a super grid)
• Liberalised market
• Increased cross-boarder bulk power transfers to facilitate effectiveness of market mechanisms
@fglongatt@fglongatt
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 14/73
Power Network (Present) Energy Systems Future• Integrated “intelligent” Power
Electronic devices• Integrated ICT & storage
• Small scale (widely• dispersed) technologies in
Distribution networks
• Active distribution networks• New types of loads within• customer premises
Bi-directional energy flowDifferent energy carriersMulti-directional info flow
@fglongatt@fglongatt
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 15/73
@fglongatt@fglongattUncertainties in Power Systems
Randomnes Incompletness
Statistical Cognitive
Stochastic FuzzyModelling
Analysis
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 16/73
Sources of Uncertainties
IM
MTDC
AC System
@fglongatt@fglongatt
• Topology, parameters & settings (e.g., tap settings, temperature dependent line ratings)
• Observability & controllability
• Pattern (size, output of generators, types and location of generators, i.e., conventional, renewable, storage).
• Parameters (conventional and renewable generation and storage).
• Parameters of generator controllers (AVRs, Governors, PSSs, PE interface), network controllers (secondary voltage controller), FACTS devices and HVDC line controllers.
• Contractual power flow (consequence of different market mechanisms and price)• Faults (type, location, duration, frequency, distribution, impedance)• Communications (noise, time delays and loss of signals)
• Time and spatial variation in load, load composition, models and parameters
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 17/73
@fglongatt@fglongatt
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 18/73
Sources of Big-Data
WAN
People
Smart Meters
Smart Appliances
Data concentrator
Applications server
PMU PMU
• SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) systems • WAMS (Wide Area Monitoring Systems) • Advanced metering devices (“Intelligent”/“Smart” meters)
Many measurementsnot just standard
Condition parameters
• New data sources: no knowledge / expertise• Data mining and online analytics for interpretation
PQ monitoring
Customer surveys
Dynamic Thermal Rate
Environment@fglongatt@fglongatt
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 19/73
@fglongatt@fglongatt
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 20/73
Three Massive Challenges
Need for data-driven modelling and control
Risk = Probability ConsequenceAffecting (?)
Affecting (?)
1122
Data mining and online analytics for interpretation
33
Analytics is the discovery and communication of meaningful patterns in data
@fglongatt@fglongatt
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 21/73
Three Massive Challenges11
Analytics is the discovery and communication of meaningful patterns in data
• Volume of data: too much for engineers to handle• Velocity of data: changing too rapidly for human effort• Variety of data: multiple sources, on-line/off-line tests
Power System
Data Infrastructure
Field Measurements
Weather Data
Market data
GIS Data
Real Time AnalysisStream Computing Platform
Retrospective Analysis
Data Integration
Knowledge Extraction
Operation-Control-Decision in the Loop AutonomousNo-supervised
Big-Data
Uncertainties• Randomness
• Incompleteness
22
• Statistical• Cognitive
Cloud
33
Operation
Protection
Control
Assets Management
@fglongatt@fglongatt
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 22/73
@fglongatt@fglongattThis Section presents a short introduction about projects related to Asia
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 23/73
Research Projects (1/2)
http://www.fglongatt.org/Desechable/SEMINAR%20Exploring%20Beyond%20frontier.pdf
@fglongatt@fglongatt
@fglongatt@fglongatt
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 24/73
Research Projects (2/2)@fglongatt@fglongatt
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 25/73
Research Projects (2/2)
@fglongatt@fglongatt
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 26/73
@fglongatt@fglongattA small step
Thinking about
FUTURE
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 27/73
Stream 1: New Technologies Modelling• A Simplified Model for Dynamic Behavior of Permanent Magnet
Synchronous Generator for Direct Drive Wind Turbines. mP
wP rwv
turb
setP
setQ
acac QP ,
sI
acac QP ,
,sV fsetP
x mK
e mK ,m mT
3
2 V
e
pKK
3
2 s
x
pLK
0 10 20 30 40 50
1.25
1.3
1.35
1.4
Time (s)
Rot
or S
peed
(p.
u)
0 10 20 30 40 500.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time (s)
Act
ive
Pow
er (
p.u)
Full modelProposed model
S
S
S
S
dc e m x m dcV K K I
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 28/73
Stream 2: Interactions Modelling• A Method for Estimation of Equivalent Model for Wind Farm using On-line
Response to a System Disturbance.
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Err
or [
%]
Reactive Power Compensation
PQ
Errors in active a reactive power simulated response using the the WFEq model estimation for the Test System II compared with the measured response.
4.99183.95342.91511.87670.8384-0.2000 [s]
-2.40
-2.60
-2.80
-3.00
-3.20
1.12
1.08
1.04
1.00
0.96
0.92
PQ Measurement: Active Power in p.u. PQ Measurement: Reactive Power in p.u.PQ Measurement File: Measurement value 3PQ Measurement File: Measurement value 2
Reactive Power
Active Power
DIg
SIL
EN
T
4.99183.95342.91511.87670.8384-0.2000 [s]
-2.40
-2.60
-2.80
-3.00
-3.20
2.52
2.48
2.44
2.40
2.36
2.32
2.28
PQ Measurement: Active Power in p.u. PQ Measurement: Reactive Power in p.u.PQ Measurement File: Measurement value 3PQ Measurement File: Measurement value 2
Active Power
Reactive Power
DIg
SIL
EN
T
Test System II
Test System I
Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO)Genetic Algorithm (GA)Variable Metric Method (VVM)
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Stream 3: Enabling Support• Synthetic Inertia from Wind Power and Novel Protection/Control Schemes of
Future Power Systems.
turb set
P
meas
d
dtFiltersys 2H
measP ,r ref
,r meas
rPI
MPPTPConverter
2 sysin sys
dP H
dt
r
P
MPPT
21
2sm
base
JH
S
refP
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 30/73
Stream 4: Integration and Interactions (1/2)
Emergency operations
Energy Balance
Market Operation
Preventive and Corrective actions
Reliability in the system (and how it is dealt with):• Dynamically (all
forms of stability) • Steady state
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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015 31/73
Stream 5: Optimal InteractionEqual droop reaction causes all converters connected to the HVDC
grid to contributeThe schedule with AC grid 2 is corrected, resulting
in only a contribution from AC grid 1
Control zone 1 of AC grid 1 takes the full unbalance over from the other systems
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Stream 6: Reducing Risk in Uncertain Scenarios• Online Risk-Based DC-Voltage Security Assessment of Multi-Terminal
HVDC Transmission System of Wind Power Plant.
General Considerations of oRB-VC
Methodology of risk-based DC-voltage security assessment (RB-VS)
Risk mapping process of (n=3)-Level risk matrix based on fuzzy-
logic rules.
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Thinking about
FUTURE
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Summary
11 22
33
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Orites Wind Farm,Paphos41xV90 2MW
Hagshaw Hill Wind Farm,Scotland
26x600kW Bonus
Causeymire Wind Farm21x 2MW = 42MW,
Achkeepster, Scotland
Thanet Wind Farm, Kent 100xV90 3MW
OffShore windfarm Egmond aan Zee,36 xV90 3 MWEgmond Aan Zee, Netherlands
Smøla Wind Farm, Norway, 20 x 2.0 MW + 48 x 2.3 MW
150 MW Any Question?
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