Fungi & Fungal-Like Organisms
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Transcript of Fungi & Fungal-Like Organisms
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The features that characterize fungi:
Have no chlorophyll.
Have typical true nuclei in their cells afeature which distinguishes them from thebacteria.
Reproduce by means of spores (some typeof sexual reproduction in addition to asexual
reproduction). Usually have thread-like bodies which
usually branch.
Have cellwalls.
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Hyphae (singular, hypha)
Cylindrical, branching filaments composedof a tubular cell wall filled with cytoplasmand organelles
Most fungal hyphae are 2-10 m diameter
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Importance of fungi: Fungi are both destructive and beneficial to agriculture.
Specifically, fungi are the agents responsible for much of thedisintegration of organic matter.
They cause the majority of known plant disease, and many
diseases of animals and man. They are the basis of a number of industrial processes involving
fermentation such as making (bread, wines and preparation ofsome cheeses).
They are responsible for the manufacture of a number of antibiotic
drugs. (Penicillin)
They increase the fertility of the soil by inducing various changeswhich eventually result in the release of plant nutrients in a formavailable to green plants.
They are research tools for chemists, geneticists and biologists.
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Classification of Fungi andFungal-like Organisms(Protists) (Circa, 2009)
1) Kingdom:Protozoa /Ambeoza
2) Kingdom:Chromista /
Stramenopiles
3) Kingdom:
Fungi
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The grouping or categories used in the
classification of fungi:
Categories endings
Kingdom no special endingsSubkingdom mycotera
Phylum mycota
Sub-phylum mycotina
Class mycetes
Sub-class mycetidae
Order ales
Family aceae
Genus Derived from Greek or
Latin
(No special endings)
Species
Mycologists have made efforts to classify these into nine categories or group:
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2. Kingdom: Chromista
Phylum: Oomycota
Class: Oomycetes
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A: SexualReproduction of
Class Oomycetes
B: Oospore
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Seedling damping off Pythium debaryanum
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The causal agent of whiterust of purslane is
Albugo portulacae
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Conidiophores and conidia
ofAlbugo portulacae
Club shaped
conidiophores
Chains of
conidia
Host
tissue
Asexual reproduction inAlbugo
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Sporangiophores and sporangia
ofAlbugo portulacae
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Thick walled oospores of
Albugo portulacae in plant tissue
Sexual reproduction in Albugo
oospores
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Late Blight of Potato and Tomato
Phytophthorainfestans
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Late Blight of Potato and Tomato
Phytophthorainfestans
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Soft Rot of Vegetables & Fruits
Rhiopusstolonifer
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Zygospores
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Kingdom: Fungi
3. Subkingdom: Eumycotera
It comprises 3 phyla as follows:
A. Phylum: Ascomycota (Ascus fungi)
B. Phylum: Basidiomycota (Basidial fungi)C. Phylum: Deuteromycota (Imperfect
fungi)
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Ascocarp Shapes
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Ascocarp Shapes
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Peach LeafCurl Taphrina deformans
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Taphrina deformans
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Blue cheese Penicillium
roqueforti
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P. roqueforti
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30
HEALTHY FRUIT
Blue rot
green rot
Penicillium
digitatum
Penicillium
italicum
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BLUEAND GREEN
MOULD ROTOF
ORANGE
Penicillium
Italicum(blue mould)
Fascicles
BLUE
GREEN
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Black Rot of Onion Aspergillusniger
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Black Rot of Onion Aspergillusniger
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Wh t St (Bl k) R t
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Wheat Stem (Black) Rust
Pucciniagraministritici
(Spermatia(+
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Puccinia graminis:Spermogonia andaecia on
Berberis vulgaris
(Spermatia(+
Receptive hyphae(-)
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Host tissue
Uredosorus ofPuccinia graminis
Stalked, echinulate
uredosporesHost epidermis
SEM
D k thi k ll d t ll d
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Clip_Leaf_Rust_wm7.wmv -
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38Teleutosori ofPuccinia graministritici on wheat stem
Dark, thick walled , two-celled ,
stalked teliospores
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Clip_Leaf_Rust_wm7.wmv -
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Loose Smut of Wheat Ustilagotritici
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Maize (Corn) Smut
Ustilagomaydis
M i (C ) S
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Maize (Corn) Smut
Ustilagomaydis
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Gray Rot of Strawberry
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Gray Rot of Strawberry
Botrytiscineria
http://images.google.com.sa/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mycolog.com/4b%20Botrytis%208.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mycolog.com/CHAP4b.htm&usg=__qijy3qUHwFxySPS4uYz0Dh_roUQ=&h=423&w=400&sz=37&hl=ar&start=44&um=1&tbnid=4BE9CxZYpqBs4M:&tbnh=126&tbnw=119&prev=/images?q=Botrytis+spore&ndsp=18&hl=ar&safe=active&sa=N&start=36&um=1 -
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Brown Rot (Bacteria Wilt) of
PotatoRalstoniasolanacearumStrict aerobic,Gram negative, non spore forming,
non capsulated and rod shaped bacterium
affecting a wide range of crops plant world wide.In Wet tropics, sub tropics and some warm
temperate regions and recently in cool temperateregions of northern and southern hemisphere.
Important plant hosts: potato, tomato,geranium, banana, tobacco, peanut, ginger,pepper.
Disease S mptoms
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Disease Symptoms
Wilting often without
Vascular discolorationDiagnostic
bacterial streaming
in water