Fungi (Chapter 31)
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Transcript of Fungi (Chapter 31)
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Fungi (Chapter 31)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12IOA6A11e8
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Pink ear rot of corn
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Fungi
Are they always a nuisance?
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Mold in the shower
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Death Cap (Amanita phalloides) Shaggy Mane (Coprinus comatus)
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Mycorrhizae:Fungus living in a mutualistic symbiosis with plant roots
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Fungal production of an antibiotic
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Budding yeast
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Psilocybes
psilocybin serotonin
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Decomposers
Mycology: Study of Fungi
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31.2 Structure of a multicellular fungus
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Septate hyphae (left) and nonseptate (coenocytic) hyphae (right)
31.3
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31.20 A fairy ring
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31.1. Can you spot the largest organism in this forest?
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31.7. Yeast: Asexually-reproducing, single-celled fungus
31.6. Mold: Asexually-reproducing, rapidly-growing fungus (Penicillium)
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Fungi may be
• Saprobes (absorb nutrients from dead organic material)
• Parasites (absorb nutrients from live organic material)
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31.25. Examples of fungal diseases of plants.
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Strawberries with Botrytis mold, a plant parasitic fungus
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Fungi may be
• Saprobes (absorb nutrients from dead organic material)
• Parasites (absorb nutrients from live organic material)
• Predators
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31.4 Specialized fungal hyphae
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Fungi may be
• Saprobes (absorb nutrients from dead organic material)
• Parasites (absorb nutrients from live organic material)
• Predators
• Mutualistic symbionts
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31.23. Lichens (mutualism between an alga/cyanobacterium and a fungus)
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31.24Anatomy of a lichen
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Anatomy of a lichen
Algal cells
Fungus
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Mycorrhizae:Fungus living in a mutualistic symbiosis with plant roots
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An experimental test of the benefits of mycorrhizae (soybean plants)
Compare with 31.21.InquiryDo endophytes (fungi within plants) benefit a woody plant
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31.22 Fungal-animal mutualistic symbiosisLeaf cutting ants depend on fungi to convert plant material into ant food. Ants feed the fungi the leaves
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxnmh4IDYaU
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Which of the following statements is sufficient by itself to identify an unknown organism as belonging to the kingdom Fungi?
a) It is multicellular and non-photosynthetic.
b) It has cell walls and reproduces by spores.
c) It has filamentous growth and obtains its food by absorption.
d) It has prokaryotic cells, and cell walls made of chitin.
e) It is unicellular and eukaryotic.
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31.5 Generalized life cycle of fungi
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Phylogeny of fungi
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31.11. Exploring fungal diversity.
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Deuteromycetes (imperfect fungi)
• Fungi without known sexual stages that cannot (yet) be classified.
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Phylogeny of fungi
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31.10 Chytridiomycota (chytrids) – aquatic (~1,000 species)
Flagellated stage (zoospore)
Some chytrids are devastating amphibian populations
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Phylogeny of fungi
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The common mold Rhizopus decomposing strawberries
Zygomycota - Conjugating Fungi
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31.13 The life cycle of the zygomycete Rhizopus (black bread mold)
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Young zygosporangium
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Mature zygosporangium
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Pilobolus
Dung cannon fungus (Pilobolus crystallinus) on rabbit pellets.
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Phylogeny of fungi
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31.15. Glomeromycetes: Arbuscular mycorrhizae with hyphae tips that push into plant roots and branch into tiny tree-like
structures
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Phylogeny of fungi
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Sac Fungi: Ascomycetes - Life cycle (31.17)
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Antheridia Developing asci Mature ascus with ascospores
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Budding yeast
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31.16. Ascomycetes (sac fungi)
Scarlet cup
Truffles Morel
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A moldy orange (left), Penicillium (right)
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Phylogeny of fungi
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31.19. The life cycle of a mushroom-forming basidiomycete
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Gills (reproduction)
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31.18 Basidiomycetes (club fungi): Greville's bolete (top left),turkey tail (bottom left), stinkhorn (right)
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Coprinus comatus, Shaggy Mane
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Amanita
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Review of Fungal Phyla (p. 652)
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What is the fungal process that has the opposite effect on chromosome number than the effect of meiosis?
• Mitosis
• Plasmogamy
• Crossing over
• Binary fission
• Karyogamy