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Fundamentals of Audio Fundamentals of Audio ProductionProduction

Chapter Four:Chapter Four:MicrophonesMicrophones

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Microphone types

• Dynamic• Condenser• Ribbon• Piezoelectric• Carbon

(See Chapter 2, “Capturing Sound Electronically,” for details)

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Dynamic

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Condenser

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Ribbon

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Polar patterns

• Cardioid or “heart-shaped

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Polar patterns

• Hypercardioid

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Polar patterns

• Bidirectional

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Polar patterns

• Omnidirectional

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Specialized microphones

• Lavaliere

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Specialty microphonesBoundary effect

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Specialty microphonesBoundary effect

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Proximity effect

• In cardioid microphones, the closer the microphone to the audio source, the more emphasis on the low frequencies.

• That is, moving the microphone closes emphasizes low frequencies.

• Compensate with a bass roll-off switch

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Bass roll off