Fume Extraction Systems by Team ABS Air Tech

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Fume Extraction Systems


About Fume Extraction System• Local and international health and safety legislation

(such as COSHH, NIOSHH, OSHA etc) states that it is the employers responsibility to protect the health, welfare and safety of their employees. Failure to do so can result in expensive legal action, potential fines and poor employee relations.


The Need for Fume Extraction Many types of dust and fume are hazardous to

health if inhaled. People can become permanently sensitised to fumes which means that continued exposure, even to very small amounts of fume, may cause asthma attacks or other respiratory diseases.


The Need for Fume Extraction A high performance fume extraction system will help to:-• Protect employee health.• Ensure compliance with Health & Safety regulations such as

OSHA, NIOSH C.O.S.H.H, MAK, AFNOR, or equivalent.• Increase production speeds.• Reduce complaints by operators due to odours, dust and vapours.• Avoid possible cost of health compensation claims.• Reduce the cost & time to cleaning laser lenses, conveyors,

guarding, soldering machines and other equipment.• Reduce product contamination.• Provide a better working environment.• Reduce downtime.


Which Extraction System? These are usually two types of extraction system available:-• External - pump contaminated air into the environment outside the building• Internal - at source capture and filtration or LEV (local exhaust ventillation) system In our opinion the best system to use is an LEV system such as a Purex. These

capture fumes at the source thereby preventing fumes escaping into the workplace. They also filter hazardous particles and gasses which would otherwise be pumped into the outside environment causing pollution.

Using an internal filter system also avoids issues with environmental regulations and potential complaints from neighbouring businesses about fumes and odours.Purex LEV systems sit next to the process and the extraction rate can be altered precisely to suit the application. Purex machines are also easy to move if the process moves.

LEV systems have additional benefits over external exhaust systems.


Why use a Recirculating Fume Extractor

• External venting systems pump dust and fumes outside, polluting the environment. The alternative is a Purex Recirculating Filter System. The Purex extractor captures dust and fumes in specialized filters and returns clean, purified air to the workplace.


Recirculating Fume Extractor


Question Venting to the Environment System Recirculation System (Purex)How long will the system take to install?

Several days on average. In many cases just minutes.

Will there be any disruption in the workplace?

Expensive contractors and scaffold etc. may be required, disrupting work for lengthy periods.

Minor if any.

Can the system be moved?

Only by contractors with scaffold etc. meaning extra cost and disruption to work.

Yes. Simply unplug, move to new location and reconnect.

Are holes in the building required?

Yes. They need to be specially cut and sealed.

No.

Are external emissions regulations a problem?

Company must investigate and obey local laws.

Not applicable. No problem.

Is there any energy lost e.g. heating/conditioning costs?

Energy and therefore money is wasted when heated or conditioned air is pumped outside.

No energy or heat is lost as the air is recycled.

Are there any ducting / installation costs?

Expensive - as ducting needs to be purchased and specialist installation is required.

Minimal if any, depending on process.


Examples of Hazardous fumesProcesses that create hazardous dust and fumeMany industrial processes can generate harmful dust and fume. Essentially any operation where a material is cut, marked or physically altered in any way has the potential to produceharmful materials.


Harmful fumesSome common processes which produce harmful fumes:

• Laser & Inkjet Coding• Laser Engraving• Printing• Hand & Machine Soldering• Pharmaceutical Manufacture• Laboratory & Clean room Work


• Soldering - An example of a hazardous process.


Possible Effect of Emissions on Personnel

Emission Possible effect on personnel

Respirable dust Occupational asthma

Cresol Damage to liver/kidneys, dermatitis,cancer

NO/NO2 Asphyxia

Phenol Damage to liver/kidneys, digestive disorders

Phosgene Pulmonary oedema

Benzene Known carcinogen - Leukaemia

HCN Respiratory failure

Chromium Lung cancer, damage to liver and kidneys

Methanal Severe skin and eye irritant

Nickel Lung cancer, dermatitis

Styrene Poisonous, irritant of respiratory tract

Laser Marking - An example of a hazardous process.


Emissions Produced During Laser Processing of Non-metals

Material Emissions Other emissions

Kevlar Respirable dust Benzene, HCN, No2, PAHs

Polycarbonate (PC) Respirable dust, Cresol Phenol, Benzene

Polyamide (PA) Respirable dust, Methanal 1,3-Butadiene, PAHs, Propenal, Benzene

Polypropylene (PP) Respirable dust 1,3-Butadiene, Propenal, Benzene

Polyethylene (PE) Respirable dust 1,3-Butadiene, Propenal, Benzene

Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) Respirable dust, HCL Benzene, Methanal, PAHs, Phosgene

Rubber (SBR-man made) Respirable dust, 1,3-Butadiene Styrene, PAHs, Propenal, Benzene

Polyester (PET) Respirable dust Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene

Polystyrene (PS) Respirable dust, Styrene Benzene, Toluene, PAHs

Polyurethane (PU) Respirable dust Benzene, Toluene

Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) Respirable dust MMA, Benzene, Ethylacrylate


How Purex fume extractors capture particles

Different applications produce different types and different amounts of particulates and gases so a variety of filters and extractors is required. Purex machines deliver the correct combination of components to do the job correctly. These include:

• Cabinets and coatings• Blowers• Reverse airflow• Pre-filters• Main filters


BlowersPurex blowers have been designed to deliver high performance and long service life. Special features include:

• High pressure development to give longer filter life and good extraction rates.

• Compact size means Purex machines keep a small footprint.

• Brushless design means they are continuously rated for 24/7 operation.

• The speed of the blower is electronically adjusted which means "Flow Control' is possible.

• Extended lifespan design.


Reverse Airflow• The Reverse Airflow system has an added

benefit. When vapour is present in the extract air (e.g. from lasing PVC) it will condense into a liquid inside the filters and drip downwards. In other top loading fume extractors this liquid could potentially drip onto any electrics and motors below to cause a hazard. In Purex systems any liquid is collected in a tray or on an absorbant pad.


Pre-filters• Pre-filters are used to collect larger particles

over 1-3 microns to prevent them from prematurely blocking the main filters. Several options are available for processes that produce large quantities of dust; high capacity pre-filters, various types of bag filter and Cascade boxes.


Main HEPA• The filters used in Purex fume extractors have

been designed to offer many unique features.


Filter Features:

• Maximum airflow - The filter design allow the use of high pressure blowers to overcome the resistance to airflow through a filter for much longer as the filter begins to block. This means the filters last longer.

• Guaranteed unburstable - By employing reinforcing.• Design - The size, design and production technique gives more filter media

surface area than in many other filters, thus extending life span.• Maximum filtration - In independent tests, these filters remove 99.997% of all

particles above 0.3 microns.• Flow equalization plates - Help to distribute the airflow over the filter media

and make the whole filter more robust.• Precise and rigid construction - Helps ensure that no fumes are allowed to pass

around the filter and escape


Fume extraction filters for large particles• Inline Filters


How Purex fume extractors filter gasGas / Vapour Filtration

• Purex filters capture contaminant gases from the process by using some or a mixture of the following.

• Activated Carbon - Alkali or Acid Impregnated• Alumina Permanganate


Organisations & Regulations• There are three main areas of legislation regarding extraction equipment.• The safety and suitability of the extractors is the responsibility of the manufacturer. In Europe

this is covered by the CE marking requirements. America and Canada generally require equipment to be tested and approved to an appropriate international standard by UL, CSA or other approved test house. China and Japan have their own standard but will generally accept one of the above, as does most of the rest of the world.

• The safety of the workers using the equipment is the responsibility of the employer. The extraction equipment is normally used for local exhaust ventilation (LEV) to capture harmful dusts, fumes or vapours that if not captured would pose a health hazard to the operators. Legislation is in place in most countries to prevent exposure to harmful substances and to ensure equipment installed for this purpose is working correctly. The EU issues guidelines for Europe, but most European countries have their own occupational exposure limits (OEL's). In UK the Health and Safety Executive is the legislative body and the requirements are covered in the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations whilst the exposure limits are set out in the HSE booklet EH40.

• Hazardous waste is the responsibility of the end user. The particulate, fume or vapour captured by the filters in the extractor may cause the spent filters to be classified as Hazardous waste. In which case they will need disposing of in line with the appropriate legislation.


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Fume Extraction Systems by Team ABS Air Tech

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