FUEL-CELL FUEL-CELL CARCAR

INTRODUCTION

BASIC PROBLEMS IN BASIC PROBLEMS IN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRYAUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

DWINDLING OF PETROLEUM DWINDLING OF PETROLEUM RESOURSESRESOURSES

INCREASING STRINGENT INCREASING STRINGENT STANDARD STANDARD REGARDING POLLUTANTSREGARDING POLLUTANTS

WHY FUEL-CELL CARS ?WHY FUEL-CELL CARS ? Better in terms of power dynamic Better in terms of power dynamic

performance and serviceabilityperformance and serviceability Lighter and offer a greater range Lighter and offer a greater range

between refuelingbetween refueling No harmful emissionsNo harmful emissions Ideally suited to volume built Ideally suited to volume built

products products

FUEL-CELL CONCEPTFUEL-CELL CONCEPT

CHEMICAL ELECTRICALCHEMICAL ELECTRICAL

TYPES OF ELECTROLYTESTYPES OF ELECTROLYTES

THIN MEMBRANETHIN MEMBRANE CAUSTIC POTASHCAUSTIC POTASH PHOSPHORIC ACIDPHOSPHORIC ACID MOLTEN CARBONATEMOLTEN CARBONATE SLOID ZIRCON-OXIDESLOID ZIRCON-OXIDE

DEVELOPMENT OF FUEL-DEVELOPMENT OF FUEL-CELL CARCELL CAR

FIRST PROTOTYPE FUEL-CELL CAR----1994FIRST PROTOTYPE FUEL-CELL CAR----1994IT WAS NAMED AS “NECAR-1” IT WAS NAMED AS “NECAR-1”

FEATURESFEATURES:-:-It was 3.5 tonne, MERCEDES BENZ-180 vanIt was 3.5 tonne, MERCEDES BENZ-180 vanPower = 50kW Power = 50kW Speed = 90 kmphSpeed = 90 kmph

22ndnd PROTOTYPE PROTOTYPE

Named-------------------------------NECAR-2 (1996)Named-------------------------------NECAR-2 (1996)

FEATURESFEATURES:-:-Multipurpose vehicleMultipurpose vehicleMaximum speed = 110 kmphMaximum speed = 110 kmphRange of 250km using fuel load of Range of 250km using fuel load of 280Lt of 280Lt of HH22

NEBUSNEBUSFEATURESFEATURES:-:-Zero emission busZero emission busPower = 190kWPower = 190kW15% better than diesel engine15% better than diesel engineMaximum speed = 80kmphMaximum speed = 80kmph

HYDROGEN HYDROGEN STORAGE ?STORAGE ?

SOLUTIONSOLUTIONREFORMING A HYDROCARBON LIQUIDREFORMING A HYDROCARBON LIQUID

REFORMING IS A PROCESS OF REFORMING IS A PROCESS OF

““VAPOURSING THE HYDROCARBON VAPOURSING THE HYDROCARBON LIQUID, THEN INJECTING A MIXTURE OF LIQUID, THEN INJECTING A MIXTURE OF FUEL VAPOUR, AIR & WATER VAPOUR IN FUEL VAPOUR, AIR & WATER VAPOUR IN

TO A CATALYIC REFORMER”TO A CATALYIC REFORMER”

METHANOL AS AN METHANOL AS AN IDEAL FUELIDEAL FUEL

Cleaner than gasolineCleaner than gasolineRenewable source of energyRenewable source of energyWhen it is reformed at 400-475When it is reformed at 400-475ooc c

HH2 2 is liberatedis liberated

NECAR-3NECAR-3

FEATURESFEATURES:-:-

3.75m length3.75m lengthPower = 50kWPower = 50kWIts own HIts own H2 2 on board by reforming on board by reforming methanolmethanol400km on 38Lt of methanol400km on 38Lt of methanol

NECAR-4 (Latest)NECAR-4 (Latest)FEATURESFEATURES:-:-Uses liquid HUses liquid H22

Fuel is stored in cryogenic cylinderFuel is stored in cryogenic cylinderPower = 5kWPower = 5kWEfficiency at wheels = 36%Efficiency at wheels = 36%

PEM FUEL-CELLPEM FUEL-CELL

FUTURE OF FUEL-CELL FUTURE OF FUEL-CELL CARCAR

A 3-pronged strategy involving A 3-pronged strategy involving methanol, gasoline and hydrogen methanol, gasoline and hydrogen options will be perusedoptions will be perused

Cost 10 times as gasoline-powered Cost 10 times as gasoline-powered engineengine

To decrease cost, integration of the To decrease cost, integration of the system is requiredsystem is required

FUEL-CELL ALONE OR IN FUEL-CELL ALONE OR IN COMBINATIONCOMBINATION

ALONEALONE:-:- Powerful fuel-cell is neededPowerful fuel-cell is needed

COMBINATION WIYH BATTERIES:-COMBINATION WIYH BATTERIES:- The fuel-cells act as battery The fuel-cells act as battery chargers, while the batteries take the chargers, while the batteries take the heavy loads and let the fuel-cells heavy loads and let the fuel-cells operate more smoothly operate more smoothly

ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES They are lighter than conventional than lead –acid They are lighter than conventional than lead –acid

batteries.batteries. The fuel cells gives of “NO” harmful emissions.The fuel cells gives of “NO” harmful emissions. They are ideally suited to volume built products, making They are ideally suited to volume built products, making

for competitive cost.for competitive cost. Fuel cells generate electricity by converting oxygen and Fuel cells generate electricity by converting oxygen and

hydrogen into water without combustion.hydrogen into water without combustion. Fuel cells are quiet, effective and, because they have no Fuel cells are quiet, effective and, because they have no

movable parts, very dependable. movable parts, very dependable. Fuel cells are superior to combustion engines because of Fuel cells are superior to combustion engines because of

their dependability, energy efficiency, and environmental their dependability, energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness.friendliness.

A fuel-cell system in a car will be almost maintenance free.A fuel-cell system in a car will be almost maintenance free. They are more at par in terms of power, dynamic They are more at par in terms of power, dynamic

performance and serviceability.performance and serviceability.

OTHER APPLICATIONSOTHER APPLICATIONS

FUEL-CELL PC’FUEL-CELL PC’S S

MOBILE PHONESMOBILE PHONES

POWER PLANTSPOWER PLANTS

THANK YOUTHANK YOU