The American economy may be the world’s biggest, but when it comes to job creation since the re-cession hit at the end of 2007, it is far from a leader.

Contrary to the widespread view that the United States is an island of relative prosperity in a global sea of economic torpor, employment in several other nations has bounced back more quickly, according to an analysis by the Labor Department.

The government reported Friday that the nation added 175,000 jobs in May, continuing a 32-month run of job gains. The unemployment rate moved up slightly to 7.6 percent from 7.5 percent in April. [Page 4.]

But overall employment in the United States remained 2.1 percent below where it was in 2007. By com-parison, over the same period, the number of jobs was up 8.1 percent in Australia; Germany, the biggest economy in the euro zone, has had a 5.8 percent gain in employment.

“The United States is way below where it should be,” said Lawrence F. Katz, a professor of economics at Harvard. “We had a massive down-turn and a tepid recovery.”

The United States economy is performing relatively well by some yardsticks — a steady increase in economic output, a surge in corpo-rate profits and new stock market highs — but the robust job market that is a key focus now of Ben S. Ber-nanke, the chairman of the Federal Reserve, and other Fed policy mak-ers, remains out of reach.

Indeed, Canada, Sweden and Brit-ain have enjoyed healthier job gains than the United States. Of the nine countries surveyed by the Labor Department, only Italy and Japan performed worse.

A big part of the problem, econo-mist say, is just how big a hole the American economy fell into in the first place. Not only did the global downturn begin here, it also envel-oped the housing market and the banking system, sectors largely spared in many other countries. “Canada didn’t really have much of a housing bust,” Katz said. (NYT)

When government officials came to Silicon Valley to demand easier ways for the world’s larg-est Internet companies to turn over user data as part of a secret surveillance program, the compa-nies bristled. In the end, though, many cooperated at least a bit.

Twitter declined to make it eas-ier for the government. But other companies were more compliant, according to people briefed on the negotiations who were not au-thorized to speak publicly. They opened discussions with national security officials about develop-ing new, technical methods to more efficiently, quickly and se-curely share the personal data of foreign users in response to law-ful government requests. And in some cases, they changed their computer systems to do so.

The negotiations shed a light on how Internet companies interact with the spy agencies that look to their vast trove of information

— personal e-mail messages, videos, online chats, photos and search queries — for intelligence. They illustrate how intricately the government and tech companies work together, and the depth of their behind-the-scenes arrange-ments and transactions.

The companies that negoti-ated with the government include Google, which owns YouTube; Mi-crosoft, which owns Hotmail and Skype; Yahoo; Facebook; AOL; Apple; and Paltalk, according to one of the people briefed on the discussions. The companies were legally required to share the data under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. The people spoke anonymously because they are prohibited from discussing the content of FISA requests or acknowledging their existence.

In at least two cases, at Google and Facebook, one of the plans discussed was to build separate, secure mechanisms, like a digi-

tal version of the secure physical rooms that have long existed for classified information, in some instances on company servers. Through these secure online rooms, the government would re-quest data, companies would de-posit it and the government would retrieve it, according to the people briefed on the discussions.

While handing over data in re-sponse to a FISA request is a legal requirement, making it easier for the government to get the infor-mation is not.

Each of the nine companies said it had no knowledge of a govern-ment program providing officials with access to its servers, and drew a line between giving the government access to its servers to collect user data and giving the officials specific data in response to court orders. Each said it did not provide the government with full, indiscriminate access to its servers. (NYT)

Several Rivals Surge Past U.S.

In Adding Jobs

Tech Companies Concede to Surveillance Program

WASHINGTON — In early September 2009, an e-mail passed through an Internet address in Peshawar, Pakistan, that was being monitored by the vast com-puters controlled by American intelligence analysts. It set off alarms. The address, linked to se-nior Qaeda operatives, had been dormant for months.

Investigators worked their way backward and traced the e-mail to an address in Aurora, Colo., outside Denver. It took them to Najibullah Zazi, a 24-year-old former coffee cart operator, who was asking a Qaeda facilitator about how to mix ingredients for a flour-based explosive, accord-ing to law enforcement officials. A later e-mail read: “The marriage is ready” — code that a major at-tack was planned.

What followed in the next few days was a cross-country pur-suit, in which the police stopped Zazi on the George Washington Bridge, let him go, and after sev-eral false starts, arrested him in New York.

Zazi eventually pleaded guilty to plotting to carry out backpack

bombings in the city’s subway system.

It is that kind of success that President Obama seemed to be referring to on Friday in Cali-fornia, when he defended the National Security Agency’s stockpiling of telephone call logs of Americans and accessing of e-mail and other data of foreign-ers from Microsoft, Google, Yahoo and other companies. He argued that “modest encroachments on privacy” — including keeping records of phone numbers called and the length of calls that can be used to track terrorists, though not listening in to calls — were “worth us doing” to protect the country. The programs, he said, were authorized by Congress and regularly reviewed by fed-eral courts.

Obama acknowledged that he had hesitations when he inher-ited the program from George W. Bush, but told reporters that he soon became convinced of its ne-cessity. “You can’t have 100 per-cent security and also then have 100 percent privacy and zero in-convenience,” he said to report-

ers. “We’re going to have to make some choices as a society.”

To N.S.A.’s defenders, the Zazi case underscores how the agen-cy’s Internet surveillance sys-tem called Prism, which was set up over the past decade to collect data from online providers e-mail and chat services, has yielded concrete results.

“We were able to glean critical information,” said a senior intel-ligence official, who spoke on condition of anonymity. “It was through an e-mail correspon-dence that we had access to only through Prism.”

Veterans of the Obama intel-ligence agencies say the large collections of digital data are vi-tal in the search for terrorists. “If you’re looking for a needle in the haystack, you need a haystack,” Jeremy Bash, chief of staff to Le-on E. Panetta, the former C.I.A. director and defense secretary, said on MSNBC on Friday.

Under the Prism program, in-telligence officials must present Internet companies with specific requests for information on a case by case basis.� (NYT)

Data Mining Called Crucial to Fight Terror

F R O M T H E PAG E S O F

Saturday, June 8, 2013 © 2013 the new york timesFROM THE PAGES OF

midnight in New York

ISTANBUL — On a normal day, Taksim Square is a mess of buses and crowds, a tangle of plazas, streets, shops and taxi horns. Turkey’s prime minister, Recep

Tayyip Erdo-gan, is deter-mined to clean it up and make it into a pedes-trian zone, with

a new mall, mosque and tunnels for traffic to move underground.

The outrage in response has filled the square with determined protesters. At midday, the muez-zin’s call to prayer now mixes with the chants of union work-ers and bullhorn speeches from the Anti-Capitalist Muslims. At night, drummers and singers agi-tate the throngs until dawn.

After Tahrir Square in Egypt and Zuccotti Park in New York, Taksim is the latest reminder of the power of public space. The square has become an arena for clashing worldviews: an un-yielding leader’s neo-Ottoman, conservative vision of the nation as a regional power versus a disordered, primarily young, less Islamist vision of the country as a modern democracy.

“Taksim is where everybody expresses freely their happiness, sorrow, their political and social views,” said Esin, 41, watching the protest in the square. She declined to give her surname, fearing disapproval from conser-vative neighbors. “The govern-ment wants to sanitize this place, without consulting the people.”

In Taksim, strangers have discovered one another, their common concerns and collective

voice. The power of bodies com-ing together, at least for the mo-ment, has given the leadership a dangerous political crisis.

“We have found ourselves,” is how Omer Kanipak, a 41-year-old architect, put it, about the diverse gathering at Gezi Park on the north end of Taksim, where the crowds are concentrated in tent encampments after Erdogan’s government ordered bulldozers to make way for the mall.

And there’s the hitch. The prime minister has emerged as the strongest leader Turkey has had since Mustafa Kemal Atat-urk founded the republic — but he remains not much of an archi-tect or urban planner. Like other longtime rulers, he has assumed the mantle of designer in chief, fiddling over details in the name of civic renewal and economic de-velopment. The goal is a scripted

public realm. Taksim, the lively heart of modern Istanbul, has be-come Erdogan’s obsession, and perhaps his Achilles’ heel.

Taksim’s very urban fabric — fluid, irregular, open and un-predictable — reflects the area’s historic identity as the heart of modern, multicultural Turkey.

The prime minister’s vision of a big plaza is intended to smooth out the square — to remake it into a neo-Ottoman theme park and mall. The real Taksim is an unruly commons in the middle of the city.

“Public space equals an urban, cosmopolitan identity,” said Gokhan Karakus, an architecture critic here. “That’s exactly what the prime minister doesn’t like. Turkish people who have taken over Gezi Park in protest feel it is truly theirs, not something award-ed to them by their leaders.”

PALM SPRINGS, Calif. — Pres-ident Obama and China’s new president, Xi Jinping, arrived at a famed desert estate here on Fri-day evening for their unusually in-formal weekend meeting, starting with discussions of security issues that bedevil them, including North Korea’s nuclear threat, on which the United States sees a chance at greater cooperation.

Both leaders promised to use the talks to take the relationship between the United States and China to a new, more cooperative level. They made that pledge in brief remarks just before they be-gan three hours of give-and-take, followed by a working dinner.

“I think that both of us agree that continuous and candid and constructive conversation and communication is critically impor-tant to shaping our relationship for years to come,” Obama said.

And Xi, reflecting his country’s increasing sense of its global pow-ers, said that his goal is “a new model of major country relations.”

On Saturday, officials said, the leaders plan to delve into eco-nomic issues, including the Unit-ed States’ accusation that Beijing has encouraged or at least toler-ated cyberattacks on American systems in which business and military secrets were stolen.

On Friday, hours before the two leaders met, China granted pass-ports to the mother and brother of Chen Guangcheng, the blind lawyer and human rights activist whose flight from China last year turned into a diplomatic drama be-tween the two countries. (NYT)

Bosnia Protest Traps HundredsAbout 1,500 lawmakers, government em-

ployees and foreign guests were freed ear-ly Friday after thousands of demonstrators had formed a human chain around the Bos-nian Parliament building in Sarajevo for 14 hours, to protest an impasse over a law on identification. Lawmakers failed to agree on how to determine the 13-digit identifica-tion numbers assigned to every citizen after a law lapsed in February, leaving all babies born since without the identification neces-sary to travel abroad or see a doctor. (NYT)

U.N. Seeks $5 Billion for SyriaThe United Nations issued the biggest fi-

nancing appeal in its history on Friday, ask-ing for more than $5 billion in humanitarian aid for Syria this year to help millions of peo-ple affected by the country’s civil war and ease the pressure building up in neighboring countries overwhelmed by Syrian refugees. “These are massive figures, but they mask a human tragedy,” Valerie Amos, the United Nations’ humanitarian aid coordinator, said after presenting the appeal to donor govern-ment representatives in Geneva. (NYT)

42 Die in Bus Fire in ChinaAn express bus burst into flames on an ele-

vated roadway in southeastern China on Fri-day, killing at least 42 people and injuring 33 others, state news media reported. The blaze

occurred during the evening rush hour in the prosperous port city of Xiamen, the official Xinhua news agency said. Operations of the entire express bus system were suspended after the accident, Xinhua said. A fire official who gave only his surname, Sun, said bodies were piled up inside the bus. (AP)

Prince Philip Is HospitalizedThree days before his 92nd birthday,

Prince Philip, the husband of Queen Eliza-beth II, was admitted to a London hospital for exploratory surgery on Friday after “ab-dominal investigations,” the royal household said. A statement issued by Buckingham Palace after the procedure said the prince was “progressing satisfactorily.” (NYT)

In Istanbul’s Heart, Perhaps an Achilles’ HeelObama Meets Chinese Leader

In Brief

CritiC’s Notebook

Michael Kimmelman

Kitra Cahana for the new YorK times

turkish protesters have concentrated in tent encampments at istanbul’s Gezi Park, on the north end of taksim square.

INTerNaTIoNal Saturday, June 8, 2013 2

There are a few acts of nature, such as the passage of Halley’s comet or the transit of Venus, that are so rare and so dramatic as to seem like metaphors for the vir-tues of patience itself. But of all of these, the arrival of the 17-year cicadas, the noisy insects that nes-tled under the earth for that length of time and recently awakened by the millions to spawn, may be the grossest.

Last week, Joyce Lieb battled her way through a lawn in Staten Island all but ceded to the bugs. Though she thoughtfully tiptoed around mating couples, each step produced the crunch of their shed skins shattering.

“I see them on TV, where they show them one at a time,” said Lieb, who is in her 60s, speaking above the ring of their calls vibrating from her trees. “I say, ‘Ha. Come to my house. I’ll show you cicadas.’ ”

The hotly anticipated arrival of cicadas, a genus known as “Brood II” that were laid as eggs in 1996, when the “Macarena” dominated

the radio and cellphones were a novelty, has been dismissed in the concrete corridors of New York City as the plague that wasn’t.

But their buzz sounds are as ca-cophonous as ever in places like Cornwall, N.Y., where residents have contracted power washers to blast the bodies off their porch-es. The brown casings of the bugs, which live above ground for just a few weeks before mating and dying, adorn everything from ex-terminator signs to the sculptures at the Storm King Art Center in

Mountainville, N.Y. At JoAnne Garber Schoen’s

house in West Nyack, the invasion began over a week ago. Nymph-stage bugs began to crawl out of the earth — where they have been suckling on tree roots during three presidential administrations — to metamorphose into their winged adult form. Now they’re all grown up — and doing grown-up things.

“They are mating on the deck; they are mating on the banister; they are mating on the plants. They don’t care, they are just mating all over the place,” said Garber Schoen, 68. “They have no shame whatsoever.”

There are many broods of pe-riodical cicadas, with different geographic ranges and life cycles. The Brood II cicadas, which take longer to develop than any other insect, can be found in spotty but dense patches along the eastern United States, from Georgia to Connecticut. In two weeks or so, they will be gone until 2030. � SARAH�MASLIN�NIR

SANTA MONICA, Calif. — Four people were killed and five wound-ed on Friday morning as a gun-man, dressed in black and carry-ing an assault rifle, strode across Santa Monica firing at people, cars, a public bus and buildings before being shot and killed by the police at the Santa Monica College Library, the authorities said.

Santa Monica police initially said that six people had been killed by the gunman in the spree; on Friday evening, Sgt. Richard Lewis said the actual figure was four. One of the victims was said to be in critical condition.

The shooting took place near where President Obama was at-

tending a fund-raiser before head-ing to Palm Springs for a meeting with the president of China.

The gunman, who was not iden-tified, was described as 25 to 30 years old. His body was spotted about 200 yards from the library.

The carnage began Friday morning when the police respond-ed to reports of shots fired and a house engulfed in flames. The police said that two bodies were found in the house, and that they were investigating whether they were related to the gunman.

From there, the gunman, wield-ing what the police said was prob-ably an AR-15, hijacked a car being driven by a young woman, forcing

her to drive across town toward the campus. Along the way, he emerged from the car at at least two intersections in this quiet beach town, firing indiscriminate-ly before ending his rampage in a confrontation with Santa Monica city and campus police officers.

The police said that the gunman, in addition to the assault rifle, was armed with other weapons, in-cluding at least one handgun.

“There were hundreds of rounds of clips laying on the floor,” said Brett Holzhauer, 19, a student who was in the library.

None of the people who were killed or injured were immediate-ly identified. (NYT)

A week ago Thursday, Shan-non Guess Richardson traveled from her small town in Texas to meet with investigators in Loui-siana and accuse her husband of a disturbing crime. Richardson, a pregnant mother of five, said she suspected that her husband, Nathaniel, had mailed three ricin-laced letters to President Obama, Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg of New York and a gun-control lob-byist in Washington. She also of-

fered hard evidence: a book of stamps that microscopic analysis revealed to be the source of the stamps on the three letters.

But on Friday, the F.B.I. an-nounced that it was Richardson, of New Boston, Tex., an actress with several small television and film credits, who had been ar-rested and charged with mailing a threatening letter to the president. A criminal complaint suggested evidence of a frame-up.

The key to the case, the authori-ties charged, came when com-puter forensic analysis showed that the letter to the president and the printing labels for all three let-ters had been printed shortly af-ter 7 a.m. on May 20, the same day the ricin-laced letters were post-marked. But at that time, Nathan-iel Richardson, 33, was at work, and co-workers said he was not absent from the assembly line, ac-cording to the complaint. (NYT)

Worker to Be Charged In Demolition Deaths

A 42-year-old man accused of being high while operating demo-lition equipment when a build-ing collapsed and killed six peo-ple will be charged with involun-tary manslaughter, a Philadel-phia city official said Friday. The worker, Sean Benschop, faces six counts on that charge, six counts of risking catastrophe and other charges, said Everett Gillison, the deputy mayor for public safe-ty. “The D.A. has approved it (his arrest), and my police officers are out looking for him as we speak,” Gillison said. The police said Benschop was using an ex-cavator Wednesday when what was left of the four-story building being demolished gave way and fell on a Salvation Army store. A toxicology report, witness state-ments and other evidence show he was high on marijuana. (AP)

Jackson Faces PrisonProsecutors on Friday rec-

ommended four years in prison for former Rep. Jesse L. Jack-son Jr., after his guilty plea this year on charges that he engaged in a scheme to spend $750,000 in campaign money on personal items. The government suggest-ed an 18-month sentence for his wife, Sandra, who pleaded guilty to filing false joint federal in-come tax returns that understat-ed the couple’s income. Because they have two children, prosecu-tors proposed the sentences be staggered, with Sandra Jackson serving time first. Sentencing is scheduled for July 3. (AP)

Gray Wolves FlourishGray wolves, whose packs

now prowl through the north-ern Rockies and the forests along the Great Lakes, no longer need endangered species pro-tection to prevent their extinc-tion, the Obama administration said Friday. The Fish and Wild-life Service unveiled a proposal to eliminate the protection, say-ing wolves are flourishing again. The announcement by Daniel M. Ashe, the head of the Fish and Wildlife Service, marked the im-minent end of 50 years of efforts to bring back a predator that had been all but exterminated by the mid-20th century. (NYT)

Invasion of 17-Year-Olds, Lusty and Six-Legged

Shooting Rampage Leaves Five Dead in California

Investigators Charge a Woman From Texas in Ricin Case

In Brief

suzanne DeChillo/the new YorK times

the noisy cicadas live above ground for just a few weeks.

NaTIoNal Saturday, June 8, 2013 3

Hiring in the United States is inching up — but not quickly enough to put much of a dent in the backlog of nearly 12 million unem-ployed workers left stranded by the recession and its aftermath.

American employers added 175,000 jobs in May, almost ex-actly the average monthly job growth over the last year, the La-bor Department reported Friday, and wages remained basically flat. Economists were relieved that the numbers were not worse, given a string of other disappoint-ing data in recent weeks, but noted that recent job trends still leave the economy far short of what it is capable of if Americans were more fully employed.

At the current pace of job and labor force growth, it would take nearly five years to get the econ-omy back to the unemployment

rate of December 2007, when the recession officially began.

“I feel hopeless, and that just makes it hard,” said Sherry Lock-hart, 53, of Enumclaw, Wash., who was laid off by the state’s liquor control board a year ago, when voters privatized liquor sales. Now, her jobless benefits are about to be slashed as a result of federal spending cuts. “I just feel I’ve done my best over the years, and I feel like I haven’t failed the system. The system has failed me, and millions more.”

By contrast, Wall Street was pleased with the latest report because the steady but modest gains suggest that the Federal Reserve will not feel comfort-able tightening monetary policy anytime soon, as some had feared would be the case if the job market suddenly started showing major

improvement. The Dow Jones in-dustrial average and the broader Standard & Poor’s 500-stock in-dex each closed up for the day by more than 1 percent.

“It’s a decent report, but it’s not by any means robust,” said Con-rad DeQuadros, senior economist at RDQ Economics, a research firm. “It’s certainly not strong enough to get the Fed to make any significant changes at its meeting in June.”

The unemployment rate rose to 7.6 percent from 7.5 percent in April. The cause behind the up-tick in the unemployment rate, at least, was also mildly encourag-ing: more people joined the labor force, perhaps indicating that Americans who have been sitting on the sidelines believe that they have a chance to find a job.

CATHERINE�RAMPELL

Investors cannot read minds.Yet many of them are spending

a lot of energy trying to get inside the head of Ben S. Bernanke, the Federal Reserve chairman, and making bets on what they think he sees.

Stocks, bonds and currencies around the globe had a chaotic week as traders and strategists reassessed how Bernanke viewed the economy and whether those views would prompt the central bank to pull back on the bond buy-ing that has supported markets in recent years.

“The market is looking at every piece of incoming data through Fed sunglasses,” said Rebecca Patterson, the chief investment officer at Bessemer Trust. “It’s not what does this data mean,

it’s what you think the Fed thinks about this data.”

The jobs report on Friday ap-peared to soothe the nerves of investors for the moment.

Many on Wall Street agreed that the 175,000 jobs created in May was still strong enough to lead the Fed to let up on the stimu-lus, but not sooner than expected. The Fed can afford to be patient.

With this interpretation pre-vailing, stocks rose on Friday. The Standard & Poor’s 500-stock index ended up 1.28 percent to close out a week that also witnessed one of the worst days of the year.

The sharp movements in stocks, bonds and currencies this week reflect the peculiar angst felt by investors. There is confu-sion over when and by how much

the central bank may withdraw its support. But even if there were clear signals about a pullback, there is little precedent for what kind of impact those policies will have on the markets. A decision to pare back the stimulus could be a good thing if the economy is growing fast. But it could also throw markets into disarray giv-en the degree to which markets have come to rely on the Fed’s bond-buying programs over the last five years.

“This hasn’t really been seen as this scale ever,” said James Swanson, the chief investment strategist at MFS Investment Management in Boston. “We don’t know how they will get out of it,” he added, referring to the Fed. NATHANIEL�POPPER

The owners of the San Onofre nuclear power plant in Southern California, which has been shut since January 2012, said on Fri-day they will close it permanently because of uncertainty over when it could be reopened.

The two reactors at San Onofre had not run since a small amount of radioactive steam escaped from new tubes damaged by vibration and friction. Just months after the Fukushima Daiichi meltdown in Japan, the event prompted a wave of opposition and set off a legal and

regulatory battle that included Southern California Edison, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, which made the parts that leaked.

Those steam generators cost more than $600 million. In the end, uncertainty over the plant’s fate “was not good for our cus-tomers, our investors, or the need to plan for our region’s long-term electricity needs,” said Theodore F. Craver Jr., chief executive of the utility’s parent company, Edi-son International.

The decision delighted nuclear opponents. “I approach today with a good deal of joy,” said S. David Freeman, who shut down construction on several reactors when he headed the Tennessee Valley Authority.

The industry has had a difficult year as it tries to compete with natural gas. “It’s no secret that power markets have been radi-cally changed by the development of shale gas,” said John Reed, an investment banker who special-izes in nuclear reactors. (NYT)

Hiring Rises, but the Pace Remains Sluggish

Eyes on Fed, Wall Street Ends Higher on Job Data

California Nuclear Power Plant in Limbo Decides to Close

oNlINe: More PrICeS aND aNalYSIS

Information�on�all�United�States�stocks,�plus�bonds,�mu-

tual�funds,�commodities�and�for-eign�stocks�along�with�analysis�of�industry�sectors�and�stock�indexes:�nytimes.com/markets

CoMMoDITIeS/BoNDS

GOLD

D 32.70

$1,383.00

10-YR. TREAS. YIELD

0.10 1.27U

2.18% $96.03

CRUDE OIL

U

the markets

15,248.12

6,411.99

12,877.53

12,373.30

207.50 1.38%

DJIA

U

75.88 1.20%

FTSE 100

U

26.49 0.21%

NIKKEI 225

D

36.03 0.29%

TSX

D

45.17 1.32%

NASDAQ

3,469.22

U

155.87 1.92%

DAX

8,254.68

U

263.17 1.21%

1,320.30 2.50%

HANG SENG

BOVESPA

21,575.26

51,564.53

D

D

20.82 1.28%

S&P 500

1,643.38

U

58.31 1.53%

CAC 40

3,872.59

U

31.21 1.39%

SHANGHAI

2,210.90D

346.40 0.85%

BOLSA

40,232.68D

eUroPe

aSIa/PaCIFIC

aMerICaS

BRITAIN

JAPAN

CANADA

GERMANY

HONG KONG

BRAZIL

FRANCE

CHINA

MEXICO

FOREIGN EXCHANGE Fgn.currency Dollarsin inDollars fgn.currency

Australia (Dollar) .9490 1.0537Bahrain (Dinar) 2.6527 .3770Brazil (Real) .4693 2.1308Britain (Pound) 1.5557 .6428Canada (Dollar) .9810 1.0194China (Yuan) .1630 6.1333Denmark (Krone) .1773 5.6396Dom. Rep. (Peso) .0243 41.1000Egypt (Pound) .1431 6.9889Europe (Euro) 1.3217 .7566Hong Kong (Dollar) .1288 7.7623Japan (Yen) .0103 97.5300Mexico (Peso) .0784 12.7620Norway (Krone) .1734 5.7670Singapore (Dollar) .8010 1.2485So. Africa (Rand) .1009 9.9131So. Korea (Won) .0009 1117.1Sweden (Krona) .1526 6.5552Switzerland (Franc) 1.0685 .9359

Source: Thomson Reuters

BUSINeSS Saturday, June 8, 2013 4

FAYETTEVILLE, Ark. — There were two Wal-Marts on display at the company’s shareholder meet-ing on Friday: the one Wal-Mart presented, and the one some in-vestors and activists were com-plaining about.

Wal-Mart, in what appeared to be an attempt to counter employ-ee and union complaints about thin staffing and low wages, cen-tered the meeting on extolling the value of its employees. That message was interspersed with the usual parade of celebrity and spectacle: Hugh Jackman, Tom Cruise, Kelly Clarkson, Jennifer Hudson, dancers and a giant pup-pet of a white elephant.

While Wal-Mart’s stock price remains close to an all-time high, its results in the most recent quarter missed analyst expecta-tions. Sales at stores open at least a year, a key measure, declined in the United States for the first time

since summer 2011, while costs in the international unit were higher than expected.

But Wal-Mart executives bare-ly mentioned recent controver-sies, including issues of employee staffing and the deadly Bangla-desh factory collapse. In addition, there is the continuing investiga-tion into potential violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in Mexico and other countries, after The New York Times reported last year that company officials at Wal-Mart de Mexico bribed of-ficials to ease expansion in that country, and executives at head-quarters were told of the bribery and declined to take action.

During the approximately 15 minutes when shareholders could present proposals, criticisms were strong.

One presenter asked why Wal-Mart had not joined European re-tailers in a pact to improve safety

standards in Bangladesh.“Don’t you agree that the facto-

ries where Wal-Mart products are made should be safe for the work-ers?” said Kalpona Akter, a union activist in Bangladesh.

Wal-Mart says it did not have any production in the Rana Plaza factory at the time of the collapse.

A shareholder, Janet Sparks, who works at a Walmart in Baker, La., pushed the company on its pay and scheduling policies.

“Times are tough for many Walmart associates, too,” said Sparks, a member of the union-affiliated employee group Our Walmart.

The rest of the nearly four-hour meeting was devoted to Wal-Mart’s version of its story.

The head of human resources was one of the first to speak, tell-ing employees, “We’re here to celebrate each and every one of you.” STEPHANIE�CLIFFORD

From sun-dried tomato wraps to agave-sweetened smoothies, restaurant chains are working to court an exceptionally particular generation — the millennials.

For reasons as varied as the economic downturn and a height-ened interest in local foods, a sig-nificant shift in eating patterns is under way among the millenni-als, those 18 to 30. Oddly, at least by historic trends, they are eat-ing out less than the baby boom-ers did at that age. Many in the restaurant business worry that it may be impossible to reverse the decline, which affects 50 million to 60 million young people.

The statistics alone are stark. Restaurant visits among millen-nials have fallen 16 percent over the last four years, according to research by the NPD Group, a consumer marketing firm, and have failed to pick up as the econ-omy has improved.

“The outlook for the restaurant industry over the next 10 years is dismal,” said Bonnie Riggs, a res-taurant industry analyst at NPD.

Over all, sales are expected to grow less than 4 percent in the next decade, a troublesome projection for not only burger chains like McDonald’s but for the newer “fast-casual” dining businesses like Chipotle. Mc-Donald’s stunned investors last month when it announced that its

sales in stores open at least a year had fallen 1.2 percent after rising every quarter for almost the last decade.

And so far, restaurant chains have failed to benefit from the steady improvement in the over-all economy.

“The informal eating out indus-try is either flat or declining in many markets around the world,” the chief executive of McDon-ald’s, Don Thompson, told inves-tors last month.

It is true that restaurant chains like Chipotle, which has a devo-tion to explaining the origins of its ingredients that brings the “Portlandia” sketch about a chicken dinner to mind, and Sub-way, where customers plan their own sandwiches and watch them

being assembled, are doing better among the millennials than tradi-tional sit-down restaurants and fast-food chains.

But between the proliferation of artisanal food trucks and gourmet cupcakes, or Fresh Direct’s offer-ing of “heritage” pork from the Flying Pigs Farm in upstate New York, millennials tend to spend their dining dollars sparingly and in a more calculated way.

“This was the group hardest hit by the economic crisis, and there’s a debate right now about whether their purchasing behav-ior has changed fundamentally as a result,” said Tony Pace, chief marketing officer for Subway. “I think, personally, that there ap-pears to be a structural change. There isn’t a single point — ta-da! — that points to it, but there are a lot of little things that do.”

Vera Chang, 26, who lives in Vermont, says she rarely eats at chain restaurants, finding places instead through Edible or the local newspaper, which tell her about the chef and the provenance of the foods served.

“People have talked about health and food for a long time, but I think millennials are acting on that information in different ways,” Pace said. “They want healthy food, but it also has to be interesting food that tastes good.” STEPHANIE�STROM

Wal-Mart Yearly Meeting Follows a Narrow Script

Restaurant Chains Aim at Younger Generation

Stocks that moved substantially or traded heavily on Friday:

Quiksilver Inc., down 84 cents at $6.83. The surf-and-skate clothing company posted a larger second-quar-ter loss, as revenue declined.

The Cooper Cos. Inc., up $6.87 at $120. The eye care and surgical prod-ucts firm’s second-quarter net income rose 37 percent on double-digit sales growth.

JinkoSolar Holding Co. Ltd., up 73 cents at $9.20. The Chinese solar prod-ucts maker said it took a bigger fourth-quarter loss as prices remained weak.

GameStop Corp., up $2.13 at $36.75. Microsoft Corp.’s upcoming Xbox One gaming console will be able to play used games, good news for GameStop, which sells used games.

Elan Corp. PLC, up 76 cents at $13.44. New York-based Royalty Phar-ma raised its offer to buy the Irish drug-maker to $13 per share in cash.

The Gap Inc., up $1.11 at $42.09. Shares of the retailer hit a 52-week high after May revenue data rose 7 percent.

TiVo Inc., down $2.61 at $11.10. The digital video recorder technology set-tled patent disputes with Cisco, Motoro-la Mobility and Time Warner Cable. The terms fell short of what most TiVo inves-tors had expected. (aP)

Stocks on the Move

a new subway commercial promotes an avocado item in an appeal to millennials.

Most Active, GAiners And Losers % VolumeStock(TICKER) Close Chg Chg (100)

10MoSTACTIVEBank of Am (BAC) 13.38 +0.18 +1.4 1199848Pfizer Inc (PFE) 28.26 +0.15 +0.5 838268Sirius XM (SIRI) 3.46 +0.07 +2.1 667447Sprint Nex (S) 7.24 ◊0.10 ◊1.4 550379Merck & Co (MRK) 48.19 ◊0.41 ◊0.8 503431General El (GE) 23.86 +0.48 +2.1 487508Rite Aid C (RAD) 3.03 +0.13 +4.5 463879Cisco Syst (CSCO) 24.49 ◊0.06 ◊0.2 427292Microsoft (MSFT) 35.67 +0.71 +2.0 407570Facebook I (FB) 23.29 +0.32 +1.4 386794

10TopGAInERS

Echo Thera (ECTE) 5.35 +4.78 +838.9 649Textura Co (TXTR) 20.91 +5.91 +39.4 48837Waterstone (WSBF) 9.67 +1.79 +22.7 3215Pilgrims P (PPC) 14.13 +2.55 +22.0 31237Rally Soft (RALY) 24.30 +3.74 +18.2 9530Prothena C (PRTA) 10.79 +1.31 +13.8 233Boulder Br (BDBD) 11.65 +1.39 +13.5 9761Thor Indus (THO) 46.16 +4.92 +11.9 20636Vanda Phar (VNDA) 9.91 +0.86 +9.5 13097Concurrent (CCUR) 7.75 +0.67 +9.5 2276

10TopLoSERS

Pingtan Ma (PME) 6.00 ◊4.10 ◊40.6 20TiVo Inc (TIVO) 11.10 ◊2.61 ◊19.0 351807Iron Mount (IRM) 28.95 ◊5.45 ◊15.8 165964China Biol (CBPO) 21.35 ◊3.16 ◊12.9 1833Quiksilver (ZQK) 6.83 ◊0.84 ◊11.0 95780Liquidity (LQDT) 35.06 ◊4.07 ◊10.4 11903Breeze-Eas (BZC) 8.35 ◊0.93 ◊10.0 26SCG Financ (RMGN) 9.78 ◊1.03 ◊9.5 14Silver Sta (SSRI) 7.38 ◊0.62 ◊7.7 12907Allied Nev (ANV) 7.84 ◊0.63 ◊7.4 28929

% VolumeStock(TICKER) Close Chg Chg (100)

% VolumeStock(TICKER) Close Chg Chg (100)

Source: Thomson Reuters

BUSINeSS Saturday, June 8, 2013 5

Joss Whedon’s adaptation of “Much Ado About Nothing” — perhaps the liveliest and most purely delightful movie I have seen so far this year — draws out the essential screwball nature of Shakespeare’s comedy. It may be the martini-toned black-and-white cinematography, the soigné Southern California setting, or the combative courtship of Amy Acker’s angular, sharp-tongued Beatrice and Alexis Denisof’s grouchy, hangdog Benedick, but from its very first scenes, Whe-don’s film crackles with a busy, slightly wayward energy that re-calls the classic romantic sparring of the studio era.

“Much Ado” was shot cheaply and quickly while the director was occupied with the mighty labor of “The Avengers,” and it is in every way superior to that bloated, busy blockbuster. Also shorter. Do not suppose that this is reflexive liter-ary snobbery or a preposterous apple-and-orange comparison. Shakespeare’s knotty double plot, propelled by friendships, rivalries and a blithe spirit at once romantic and cynical, is a better vehicle for Whedon’s sensibilities than the glowering revenger’s tale.

The most exciting action in “Much Ado” is the way Beatrice, a diva of withering disdain, and Benedick, a maestro of gruff mi-sogyny, argue themselves into a state of starry-eyed mutual in-

fatuation. Their amours are aided by the mischief of friends and kin — Reed Diamond’s Don Pedro is especially fine — who recognize the desire lurking behind the anti-couple’s ostentatious contempt for each other.

Their prickly romance is en-twined with the tale of a younger, simpler pair of lovers: Beatrice’s cousin Hero (Jillian Morgese) and Claudio (Fran Kranz).

A good deal of the pleasure in “Much Ado” comes from the ex-quisite deferral of the inevitable resolution, and the intensity of the tears that are shed on the way to a joyous ending.

Here I should confess a bias. I prefer my Shakespeare in modern clothing and with American ac-cents, and so I like Whedon’s take

on “Much Ado About Nothing.” In this one, the costumes, the sets and the voices anchor the play in a pop-cultural dimension where it sparkles effortlessly, and a few loose ends and incongruities only increase the fun. The political con-text in which Shakespeare embed-ded his couples was never very plausible, and here it is enough to know that they dwell in a world of money, power, shifting allegiance and factional intrigue.

And sex. While not terribly explicit, this “Much Ado” has a sly, robust eroticism entirely ap-propriate to Shakespeare’s text, which abounds in earthy word-play. The flirting and swooning have some heat, which goes a long way to making the movie as cool as it is. A.�O.�SCOTT

When did Vince Vaughn drink the Google-aid? That’s one of the many imponderables raised by “The Internship,” his two-hour commercial for GoogleWorld masquerading as an aspirational buddy comedy that he headlines with Owen Wilson. According to Reuters, the movie’s director, Shawn Levy, said Vaughn hit on the story idea after watching a re-port on “60 Minutes” that anointed Google as one of the best places in the world to work. Thus inspired, maybe because he himself works in Hollywood, Vaughn reached out to the company, which cooperated with the production.

It may also be that Vaughn’s in-terest in libertarianism dovetailed with the cyber-libertarianism that’s popular in Silicon Valley. Whatever Vaughn’s motivations, with “The Internship,” he has charted possibly new, definitely

uneasy terrain by helping create a big-studio release that, from start to gaga finish, is a hosanna to a single company, its products, philosophy and implicit politics.

The Way of Google begins with

Billy (Vaughn) and Nick (Wil-son), traveling salesmen of pricey watches, learning that the company they work for has closed. They’re so out of touch that when Billy de-cides they should become interns at Google, they have to video chat with their interviewers from a library.

That the stu-dio releasing this f e a t u re - l e n g t h

ad, 20th Century Fox, would lend its brand to another branded be-hemoth like this is vulgar if not shocking, especially given how numbers-driven studios have be-come. MANOHLA�DARGIS

The thesis of Richard Rowley’s pessimistic, grimly outraged and utterly riveting documentary “Dirty Wars” is that America’s largely clandestine war on ter-ror is now globally entrenched. Far from ending, the film argues, the fight has spread and begun breeding an increasing hatred of the United States that would have delighted Osama bin Laden. Be-cause it is a hidden war, there are few Congressional restraints on how it is conducted.

The bearer of these bad tidings, Jeremy Scahill, who wrote the movie with David Riker, is a na-tional security correspondent for The Nation and the author of the recently published “Dirty Wars: The World Is a Battlefield.” Scahill, 38, narrates the film like a hard-boiled gumshoe following leads in a film noir.

The film devotes special atten-tion to the death by drone attack of the American-born Islamic cleric Anwar al-Awlaki in Yemen in Sep-tember 2011. He is identified as the first American citizen killed in such a strike without due process. Two weeks later, his 16-year-old son, Abdulrahman al-Awlaki, also an American citizen, was killed by a drone — “not for who he was,” Scahill surmises, “but for who he might one day become.”

Scahill travels to Afghanistan, Yemen and Somalia and comes away convinced that conven-tional war, as waged by the United States, is being superseded by a new form of warfare waged in se-crecy and often by remote control by shadowy forces working from “kill lists” and accountable direct-ly to the White House.

“The world has become Ameri-ca’s battlefield,” Scahill concludes, “and we can go everywhere.”� STEPHEN�HOLDEN

Laurel and Hardy in Google’s Toyland

Front Lines Blur In Clandestine War

Arguing Their Way Into Love

riCharD rowleY/ifC films

Jeremy scahill in Yemen in a scene from “Dirty wars.”

Phil BraY/20th CenturY fox

owen wilson and Vince Vaughn star in the new comedy, “the internship.”

elsa Guillet-ChaPuis/roaDsiDe attraCtions

alexis Denisof and amy acker in “much ado about nothing.”

MovIeS Saturday, June 8, 2013 6

SUMTER, S.C. — Lexie Kinder solves prob-lems during math class, earns gold stars from her teacher and jokes with classmates at her elementary school.

All without leaving her living room.Born with a chronic heart disorder that

weakened her immune system and made at-tending school risky, Lexie, 9, was tutored at her home in Sumter for years. But this spring, her family began experimenting with a cam-era-and-Internet-enabled robot that swivels around the classroom and streams two-way video between her school and house.

“She immediately loved the robot,” her mother, Cristi Kinder, said, of the device, called a VGo, which Lexie controls from her

home computer. Lexie dressed up the robot, which is about the height of her third-grade classmates, in pink ribbons and a tutu, and she renamed it “Princess VGo.”

About 50 chronically ill students across the country — now attend school virtually with “remote presence robots.” The technology is still expensive (a VGo costs $6,000, in addition to $1,200 a year for maintenance and other costs) and imperfect (when the robot loses its Internet connection, it goes dormant).

And despite the fantasies of Lexie’s class-mates — “I want a robot so I can stay in bed all day,” one 8-year-old said — such robots are mostly last resorts for children restricted to their houses or hospital rooms.

“Soon, these robots should be the price of an inexpensive laptop,” said Maja Mataric, a computer science professor at the University of Southern California, who studies how ro-bots help children with learning disabilities. “They should make access to education much easier for students who are convalescing.”

The VGo is 4 feet tall, weighs 18 pounds and looks like a white chess pawn, with a video screen on its face. Lexie controls its move-ment with her computer mouse. Video of the classroom at Alice Drive Elementary School appears on her computer screen, and video of her face appears on the robot’s display screen. Lexie can flash her VGo’s lights to get the teacher’s attention.

Lexie’s robot has its own desk and charging station against a wall. Ivey Smith, her teacher, said the children had embraced the idea of having a robot in the class and screamed with excitement every time it turned on.

“I was concerned they would be distract-ed,” she said. “But within a couple days, they acted like it had always been here. They feel special that there’s a robot in their class.”

Between classes, Lexie guides the robot down the hallway. On the way out of class, one child, Hazel Grace Kolb, waved goodbye to the machine.

“See you tomorrow, robot,” she said. ROBBIE�BROWN

A Swiveling Proxy That Will Even Wear a Tutu

ACROSS 1 One was first

purchased in 2008

10 Big top features?

15 Title for Schwarzenegger

16 Half of a TV duo

17 One going through the exercises?

18 Leader of the Silver Bullet Band

19 Silence fillers

20 One might be apparent

21 See

22 Bit

24 “Toast of the Town” host

28 Grunt

29 1991 International Tennis Hall of Fame inductee

30 Cliff dweller

31 Ambulance supply

34 Game with points

35 Tired

36 Outfielder who was a member of baseball’s All-Century Team

40 Digs, with “on”

42 ___ glass

43 1955 doo-wop hit

46 Peace Nobelist Cassin

47 Crooked bones?

51 Trix alternative?

52 Construction support

53 Drying device

55 2012 Seth MacFarlane comedy

56 Sound

58 Oath

60 Impala relative

61 Crisp salad ingredient from across the Pacific

62 Satisfy

63 Child support payer, in modern lingo

DOWN

1 “Can’t wait!”

2 Opening

3 Item used in an exotic massage

4 Cheer with an accent

5 When doubled, a taunt

6 Host

7 Horticultural headache

8 Some landings

9 6 is a rare one

10 From overseas?

11 Lending figure

12 Northern Quebec’s ___ Peninsula

13 Some Vatican art

14 Still

23 Athlete’s booster

25 Ally

26 Race assignments

27 W.W. II inits.

31 Rose

32 Full of oneself

33 Roman numeral that’s also a name

37 Like most sandals

38 Moneymaker topping a Web site

39 Milk and milk and milk

41 Common cocktail component

43 Common cocktail components

44 Cricket violation

45 Yellow Teletubby

48 2008 documentary about the national debt

49 Antilles native

50 Bacon product

54 Mind

57 W.W. II inits.

58 Meter site

59 New Deal program, for short

ANSWER TO PREVIOUS PUZZLE

PUZZLE BY DAVID QUARFOOT

6/8/13 (No. 0608)

C A T S P A W E M A I L E DO N A T E A R M I S S I V EM A K E T H E B E S T O F I TE G E R S N A R E R E N OD R A N K L Y R A I C UU A L O P E L L A S E RE M O B E T T Y S I V S

O V E R T H E E D G ET K O T E E T E R R C T

B R A N S J I M I Y A OU A R U S N A B A S R AM I O I C I C L E R H O SP L U M T U C K E R E D O U TP E N R O S E D I V E R S EO R D E R I N S C E N T E D

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16

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28 29

30 31 32 33

34 35 36 37 38 39

40 41 42

43 44 45 46

47 48 49 50 51

52 53 54 55

56 57 58 59

60 61

62 63

For answers, call 1-900-289-CLUE (289-2583), $1.49 a minute;or, with a credit card, 1-800-814-5550.Online subscriptions: Today’s puzzle and more than 5,000 past puzzles, nytimes.com/crosswords ($39.95 a year).Annual subscriptions are available for the best of Sunday crosswords from the last 50 years: 1-888-7-ACROSS.Read about and comment on each puzzle: nytimes.com/wordplay.

Crosswords for young solvers: nytimes.com/learning/xwords.

CroSSWorD Edited By Will Shortz

John w. aDKisson for the new YorK times

lexie Kinder, who has a chronic heart disorder, appeared in class on her VGo.

JoUrNal Saturday, June 8, 2013 7

620 eighth avenue, new york, ny 10018•

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Over the last three years, several measures were introduced in Congress that would have helped reduce or eliminate the abuses of com-munications surveillance revealed this week. Every one of them was voted down.

Most members of Congress, it turns out, had received the usual assurances from counter-terrorism officials that the authority granted to the government under the Patriot Act and re-lated laws were necessary to prevent an attack on the United States, and that domestic spying activities must remain top secret. Proposals to bring greater transparency to these activi-ties, or to limit their scope, were vigorously opposed by the Obama administration. (The Justice Department argued in a court filing in April that there must be no public disclosure of the extent of domestic data collection.)

Except for a few leaders and members of the intelligence committees, most lawmakers did not know the government was collecting records on almost every phone call made in the United States or was able to collect anyone’s e-mail messages and Internet chats. And most important, since the public did not know about the extent of the surveillance, it was in no posi-tion to bring pressure against lawmakers.

This week’s revelations provided a chilling glimpse of what President Obama’s National Security Agency has been up to. We now know what Sen. Mark Udall of Colorado was talking about when he warned in 2011 that the “intel-ligence community can target individuals who have no connection to terrorist organizations.” He added, “They can collect business records

on law-abiding Americans,” though he was pre-vented by legal constraints as a member of the Select Committee on Intelligence from explain-ing that meant records on every single call.

Now that this practice has been disclosed, it’s time for Congress to act. The first step has to be ending the secrecy that makes it impossible for lawmakers or other officials to discuss, even in general terms, what the government is doing.

Last December, Sen. Jeff Merkley of Oregon introduced a measure that would require the secret Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to make public the summaries of its opinions on domestic spying activities. The measure did not pass, but afterward Sen. Dianne Fein-stein of California, the Intelligence Committee chairwoman, wrote a letter to the court with Merkley, Udall and Sen. Ron Wyden of Oregon, asking it to provide such summaries. The pre-siding judge, Reggie Walton, wrote back, say-ing that summaries could reveal too much in-formation. Congress should require the court to be more public about its decisions.

The second step is legislation to limit the col-lection of call records and the monitoring of In-ternet traffic to that of people suspected of ter-rorism, ending the warehousing of everyone’s data. Officials have never demonstrated that mining all calls and messages prevents terror-ism, and the cost in lost privacy for all citizens is too high. A bill proposed last year would ban the secret court from approving the collection of data unless it is linked to terrorism. To pre-serve the nation’s civil liberties, the bill should be reintroduced and passed right away.

The International Monetary Fund admitted this week that it made big errors in the first bailout of Greece three years ago, but it added that no matter what it did then the country would have suffered a deep recession. Euro-pean Union officials, by contrast, still refuse to concede that their handling of the financial crisis has been deeply flawed.

In 2010, the fund joined the E.U. and the Eu-ropean Central Bank in providing loans total-ing 110 billion euros ($145 billion at current ex-change rates) to Greece. In exchange for that money, the country committed to cutting its fiscal deficit and reforming its economy. But that deal was based on faulty and overly rosy predictions of the country’s economy and gov-ernment finances.

Now the fund says it should have known that the agreement would leave Greece with far more debt than it could have ever hoped to pay back. It also says it underestimated the dam-age that government spending cuts and tax increases would do to the Greek economy. Em-ployees of the fund raised some of these con-cerns in 2010. But European leaders ignored those warnings because they did not want to put up more money to help Greece, force banks to take losses on their holdings of Greek bonds,

or risk undermining investor confidence in other troubled countries like Spain and Italy.

The I.M.F. stops well short of concluding that the demands made on Greece were wrong-headed and devastating to its economy and so-ciety. In spite of the errors it acknowledges, the fund bizarrely finds that the “overall thrust of policies” used by the fund and European lead-ers in Greece was “broadly correct.”

Whatever the policy makers say does not al-ter the reality that their bad decisions continue to hobble much of Europe. Greece was eventu-ally allowed to restructure its debts, but had it done so earlier, it might have avoided some of the economic pain, which shows no meaningful sign of easing. The most recent statistics put Greek unemployment at 27 percent, up from 12.5 percent in 2010.

The report concludes that European leaders were unwilling to consider alternative poli-cies like debt restructuring until the need for it became abundantly clear a year later. They remain just as stubborn today: on Thursday, a spokesman for the European Commission said that it “fundamentally disagrees” with the I.M.F. report. Instead of learning from past er-rors, European officials seem content to repeat them in Spain, Italy and elsewhere.

Do you feel more secure or less secure, now that you know the government is keeping a gar-gantuan pile of information about everybody’s telephone calls in the name of security?

You have heard, I’m sure, that the National Security Agency has been mining Verizon’s re-cords for information, such as numbers called and the location where the call was made.

“Nobody is listening to your telephone calls,” President Obama assured people on Friday. Well, probably nobody. And, if they are, it’s un-der an entirely different part of the program.

Security issues are very tough to figure out. One side is always saying, as Obama did on Friday, that whatever is going on will “help us prevent terrorist attacks.”

The phrase “help us prevent terrorist at-tacks” is sort of a conversation-stopper.

The other side is worried about privacy, but the public is resigned to the idea that some Big Brother is monitoring their communications.

Does the N.S.A. really need all the stuff it’s collecting? The agency has an enormous op-eration outside of Washington, and it is build-ing another million-square-foot complex in the Utah desert. It collects an estimated 1.7 billion pieces of communication a day.

“When you have the ability to get more and more data, the natural inclination is to get as much as possible,” said Rep. Henry Waxman, the former chairman of the House oversight committee.

Those of us who have seen the show “Hoard-ers” know that more is not always better. Af-ter all, the government didn’t fail to stop the attacks on Sept. 11 because of a lack of data. It had lots of information about Al Qaeda and its plan. The problem was with follow-up.

The president keeps saying that “Congress is continually briefed” about security issues. In reality, the briefing is pretty much confined to the members of the House and Senate intel-ligence committees, who are sworn to secrecy. A few of them had been desperately trying to warn their colleagues about the telephone-call program without breaking their vow of silence. Sen. Ron Wyden of Oregon did everything but tap dance the information in Morse code.

As a candidate, Obama looked as if he would be great at riding herd on the N.S.A.’s excesses. But if he has ever pushed back on the spy set, it’s been kept a secret. Meanwhile, the adminis-tration scarfs up reporters’ e-mails and phone records in its obsessive war against leaks.

And without the leaks to reporters, we would never be having discussions about whether it’s a good idea for the government to collect piles of records about our telephone calls.

“I welcome this debate,” Obama said Friday. “I think it’s healthy for our democracy.” Under further questioning, he said that he definitely didn’t welcome the leaks. Without which, of course, there would be no debate.

Do you remember how enthusiastic people were about having a president who once taught constitutional law? I guess we’ve learned a les-son.

e d i t o r i a l s o f t h e t i m e s

Congress Can Stop Privacy Abuse

The I.M.F. Admits Mistakes. Will Europe?

GaIl CollINS

Data for Dummies

oPINIoN Saturday, June 8, 2013 8

BOSTON — The way the game was going, with goals at an abso-lute premium, the first one, when-ever it came, seemed destined to be the only one. And so it was.

The Bru-ins waited until the third period to deliver

the coup de grace to the scoring-challenged Penguins. It came off the stick of a most unlikely source, defenseman Adam McQuaid, a finalist for the Masterton Trophy, which recognizes perseverance and sportsmanship. It gave the Bruins a 1-0 victory Friday night and a sweep of the Eastern Con-ference finals.

The victory puts Boston in the Stanley Cup finals for the second time in three years against either Chicago or Los Angeles. The Bru-ins won the Cup in 2011, snapping

a 39-year drought.For Pittsburgh, it was a humili-

ating end to a season — one that they had hoped would result in a second Stanley Cup for Sidney Crosby & Co. Instead, they were swept in a series for the first time since 1979.

McQuaid’s goal, at 5 minutes, 11 seconds, was a blistering slap shot from the right point off an ideal setup by Jaromir Jagr, who also assisted on the game-winner in Game 3. Jagr eluded several Penguins then found McQuaid alone. The shot sailed over the right shoulder of goalie Tomas Vokoun.

The goal continued a trend for the Bruins in the post-season. De-fensemen have accounted for 30 percent of their 50 goals.

For McQuaid, it was his second of the post-season. He also scored in Game 3 of the first-round series

against Toronto.The impenetrable Tuukka Rask

(a playoff best .943 save percent-age) made it stand up with his sec-ond shutout of the series. He al-lowed two goals in the four games. He stopped 26 shots, frustrating the Penguins time and again.

Neither Crosby nor Evgeni Malkin nor Jarome Iginla, who spurned Boston at the trading deadline, managed a single point in the series.

Pittsburgh’s offensive woes were epitomized by its power play, which was held scoreless.

The Penguins pulled Vokoun in the final 90 seconds and still got nothing, even as Rask played sev-eral seconds without his stick.

As the clock wound down, the fans in TD Garden, who included David Ortiz and Keegan Bradley, chanted, “We Want The Cup.”

PETER�MAY

PARIS — It was a mere semifi-nal, and it was even relegated to the first slot on the Friday sched-ule, which guaranteed there would be plenty of empty seats at the Philippe Chatrier court when Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic walked on the red clay to renew the best rivalry in tennis.

But long before they finished chasing down each other’s bold strokes in the afternoon sunlight, it was clear that this match — the latest astonishing tennis match in this remarkable era — was any-thing but an undercard.

The rematch of last year’s French Open final required 4 hours 37 minutes, and Nadal, the seven-

time French Open champion, pre-vailed, 6-4, 3-6, 6-1, 6-7 (3), 9-7, over Djokovic, the world’s No. 1 player.

“These kind of matches make the sport big,” Nadal said. “I lost similar one in Australia. Today was for me.”

The grueling victory earned, tru-ly earned, Nadal a chance to retain his title Sunday against his fellow Spaniard David Ferrer, the fourth seed, who defeated Jo-Wilfried Tsonga of France, 6-1, 7-6 (3), 6-2.

This will be the first Grand Slam final for Ferrer, 31, who has long dwelled and excelled in Nadal’s shadow at home and abroad.

Nadal, the 27-year-old from Ma-jorca, has lost just one match in his

long career at Roland Garros. That came against Robin Soderling of Sweden in the fourth round in 2009. After holding off Nadal at the end of the fourth set and leading by a ser-vice break and 4-3 in the fifth set, Djokovic appeared poised to give Soderling company and himself a chance to win the only Grand Slam singles title he lacks.

But Nadal is one of the game’s great competitors. Looking slight-ly fresher down the stretch, he broke Djokovic’s serve in the long, eventful eighth game of the final set to get back to 4-4, then kept his cool and belief until breaking Djokovic’s serve at love to win the match. CHRISTOPHER�CLAREY

Penguins Hit Low Point as Bruins Reach FinalsU.S. edges Jamaica In World Cup Qualifier

The National Stadium in Kings-ton, Jamaica, is nicknamed the Office, a place where the Unit-ed States took care of business in stunning fashion on Friday night. After its lead disappeared in the 89th minute, the right back Brad Evans, making only his sec-ond start at the position, scored in added time to give the United States a 2-1 win, its first-ever vic-tory here against Jamaica in a World Cup qualifying match. The victory put the United States (2-1-1) in an inviting position with two games left on its June qualifying schedule. (NYT)

A Timeless Epic in Paris Takes 4 Hours 37 Minutes

WeaTHerHigh/low temperatures for the 21 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday, eastern time, and precipitation (in inches) for the 18 hours ended at 1 p.m. yesterday. expected conditions for today and tomorrow.

Weather conditions: C-clouds, F-fog, H-haze, I-ice, PC-partly cloudy, r-rain, S-sun, Sh-showers, Sn-snow, SS-snow showers, t-thunderstorms, tr-trace, W-windy.

U.S. CITIeS Yesterday Today Tomorrowalbuquerque 89/ 62 0 95/ 67 S 93/ 68 Satlanta 82/ 68 0.10 83/ 68 PC 84/ 69 PCBoise 91/ 63 0 87/ 60 S 94/ 64 SBoston 57/ 55 1.14 74/ 59 r 80/ 59 PCBuffalo 61/ 55 tr 69/ 55 PC 77/ 61 PCCharlotte 81/ 68 0.09 86/ 66 t 87/ 68 PCChicago 68/ 52 0.14 74/ 57 PC 74/ 61 tCleveland 62/ 55 tr 72/ 56 PC 80/ 63 PCdallas-Ft. Worth 84/ 63 0 93/ 71 PC 93/ 75 PCdenver 84/ 48 0.04 85/ 53 PC 91/ 59 Sdetroit 63/ 53 0 75/ 56 PC 77/ 62 PC

Houston 88/ 69 0 91/ 73 PC 92/ 75 PCKansas City 74/ 52 0 80/ 64 t 82/ 60 tLos angeles 71/ 61 0 75/ 61 PC 74/ 60 PCMiami 91/ 75 0.57 88/ 76 t 88/ 77 tMpls.-St. Paul 66/ 54 0 74/ 58 t 70/ 57 tnew york City 63/ 60 1.41 79/ 64 PC 81/ 65 PCOrlando 88/ 72 0.05 87/ 72 t 90/ 74 tPhiladelphia 72/ 63 2.42 80/ 65 PC 86/ 67 PCPhoenix 112/ 81 0 108/ 82 S 107/ 80 SSalt Lake City 91/ 63 0 86/ 64 S 93/ 69 SSan Francisco 71/ 52 0 72/ 55 S 63/ 54 PCSeattle 71/ 56 tr 72/ 51 PC 71/ 48 SSt. Louis 75/ 60 0 80/ 64 PC 84/ 65 tWashington 73/ 68 0.84 80/ 67 t 87/ 72 PC

ForeIGN CITIeS Yesterday Today Tomorrowacapulco 93/ 78 0.11 90/ 78 PC 91/ 78 PCathens 82/ 66 0.01 83/ 66 PC 86/ 67 SBeijing 81/ 69 0.13 84/ 69 C 79/ 64 rBerlin 77/ 54 0 77/ 55 PC 72/ 51 PCBuenos aires 64/ 46 0 61/ 46 PC 64/ 50 PCCairo 93/ 75 0 105/ 72 S 92/ 68 S

Cape town 64/ 48 0 59/ 45 r 60/ 39 Sdublin 66/ 45 0 66/ 43 C 67/ 45 PCGeneva 79/ 54 0 77/ 53 C 68/ 52 rHong Kong 90/ 83 0.04 91/ 83 C 91/ 83 tKingston 90/ 82 0 90/ 79 PC 90/ 80 PCLima 68/ 58 0 73/ 60 S 70/ 58 PCLondon 68/ 50 0.02 68/ 50 S 69/ 48 PCMadrid 68/ 61 0.01 70/ 52 PC 73/ 54 CMexico City 82/ 55 0 84/ 54 PC 78/ 54 tMontreal 59/ 54 0.04 63/ 54 C 73/ 54 PCMoscow 68/ 55 0.16 73/ 55 Sh 73/ 54 Shnassau 86/ 75 0.19 88/ 77 t 88/ 77 tParis 81/ 63 0 80/ 59 PC 69/ 56 ShPrague 72/ 48 0 74/ 55 C 72/ 56 trio de Janeiro 84/ 70 0 79/ 67 PC 79/ 68 Srome 75/ 55 0 80/ 60 PC 78/ 58 CSantiago 70/ 41 0 68/ 43 S 70/ 46 SStockholm 73/ 50 0 72/ 51 PC 67/ 47 rSydney 72/ 63 0.02 65/ 47 C 68/ 44 Stokyo 73/ 66 0.08 78/ 66 PC 81/ 66 PCtoronto 63/ 54 0 68/ 52 PC 74/ 57 PCVancouver 68/ 54 0.05 67/ 50 PC 67/ 49 SWarsaw 73/ 59 0 76/ 57 PC 76/ 59 r

In Brief

BoSToN 1, PITTSBUrGH 0Bruins�win�series,�4-0

N.B.a. FINalSFRIDAYno game scheduled

BaSeBall — a.l.

BaSeBall — N.l.

N.H.l. SCoreFRIDAYBoston 1, Pittsburgh 0 Bruins win series, 4-0

THURSDAY’S LATE GAMEyankees 6, Seattle 1FRIDAYtoronto 6, texas 1detroit 7, Cleveland 5tampa Bay 2, Baltimore 1L.a. angels at Boston, ppd., rainKansas City 4, Houston 2Oakland 4, Chicago White Sox 3

THURSDAY’S LATE GAMESSan diego 6, Colorado 5, 12 inningsL.a. dodgers 5, atlanta 0FRIDAYPittsburgh 2, Chicago Cubs 0Minnesota at Washington, ppd., rainSt. Louis 9, Cincinnati 2Miami at new york, ppd., rainMilwaukee 5, Philadelphia 4

SPorTS Saturday, June 8, 2013 9

When a quarterback decided last month to transfer to another program after one season at Okla-homa State, he thanked the coach, who thanked him back. Here were two parties seemingly in mutual agreement, on good terms, head-ed for an amicable divorce.

Then the process started, pro-ducing perhaps an extreme exam-ple of what is occurring this time of year as many college athletes try to move to different universities.

The Oklahoma State coach, Mike Gundy, ruled out nearly 40 universities as transfer options for quarterback Wes Lunt, an ap-parent show of gamesmanship and punishment toward a college athlete who wanted to take his skills elsewhere.

The forces at work were not new, but Gundy, like a growing number of coaches, chose to har-ness them to eliminate many, if not all, of Lunt’s preferred options and to keep a potential rival from gaining the services of a highly re-garded quarterback. It was a pow-erful illustration of the control that coaches have over players.

When an athlete chooses to transfer, three sets of rules can be involved: those of the N.C.A.A.; those of the conference in which the university competes; and those that accompany the national letter of intent, a contract that ath-letes sign while still in high school to announce their intention to at-

tend a university. “It’s entirely slanted to the

coach’s side,” said Don Jackson, a lawyer in Montgomery, Ala., who has represented dozens of athletes attempting to transfer to a university of their choice. “Once the student-athlete signs that na-tional letter of intent, it’s essen-tially a contract of adhesion. They have limited rights.”

Universities have long sought to block student-athletes from trans-ferring to a rival program. But the impulse to limit the student-ath-lete’s options has been heightened to the point that coaches are black-listing dozens of universities.

Proponents of transfer limits say that they are put in place to prevent coaches from continually attempt-ing to lure athletes from other uni-versities. Critics counter that the rules make it too easy for coaches to penalize athletes for changing their minds about decisions made when they were teenagers.

Coaches cannot fully prevent athletes like Lunt from transfer-ring to any university they want. But if a coach does not grant a re-lease, the player must forfeit any scholarship opportunity, pay his own way to the new university and sit out the next season.

Lunt, who did not respond to requests for comment, is report-edly deciding whether to transfer to Louisville or Illinois, neither of which was blocked by Gundy,

45, who declined to comment and has not spoken publicly about the restrictions placed on Lunt. The N.C.A.A. declined to comment.

When Eugene Byrd worked for the Southeastern Conference, he oversaw the administration of the national letter of intent, es-sentially a one-year contract be-tween a student and an institution with four yearly options to renew. As an assistant commissioner, he tried to simplify the process.

Byrd said the national letter of intent no longer served its origi-nal purpose, which was to stop the pursuit of high school players once they committed to a university.

Those involved with and affect-ed by transfer rules proposed a variety of solutions. Jackson pro-posed that athletes be allowed to transfer without restrictions.

John Infante, an N.C.A.A. ana-lyst for athleticscholarships.net, suggested a one-time exemption for athletes who have completed their first year to transfer without penalty. Ed Cunningham, a former football player and an ESPN ana-lyst, said athletes should be able to transfer anywhere without pen-alty after two or three seasons.

“It’s going to change. It just is,” he said. “It’s just so antiquated. Look at Oklahoma State. That’s an awful lot of power for a football coach to have over a young man’s life. He’s a kid. I wish we would re-member that.” GREG�BISHOP

Play at Another College? O.K., but Not There

Quiet Campaigns Begin for the Presidency of I.O.C. Closer Faces ChargeThe Cleveland Indians two-

time All-Star closer Chris Per-ez, charged with misdemeanor possession after marijuana was mailed to his home in his dog’s name, told drug agents he had pot for personal use and point-ed out two jars, according to po-lice reports. Cleveland police, tipped off to suspicious packages by postal inspectors, arranged a delivery Tuesday under surveil-lance, and Perez’s wife, Melanie, accepted two packages. She told the undercover officer they were for her dog, Brody. The package was addressed to Brody Baum, inspectors said. (AP)

U.S. open Pairings SetTiger Woods, Rory McIlroy

and Adam Scott will play togeth-er in the opening two rounds of the U.S. Open next week at Meri-on in Ardmore, Pa. (AP)

In the last 60 years, there have been seven popes but only four presidents of the International Olympic Committee. There will soon be a fifth.

After 12 years as president, Jacques Rogge of Belgium is retir-ing. Six people seeking to replace him announced their candidacies before this week’s deadline, begin-ning a quiet and tightly regulated campaign season for a position in the upper echelon of the global sports hierarchy. It is the rare individual who can take some re-sponsibility for both curling and synchronized swimming.

The six candidates have three months to communicate a vision for the Olympics to the 98 voting members of the committee. An es-timated 30 voters were at the Inter-national Forum on Sport for Peace and Development at the United Na-tions this week. The forum was un-

related to the election, but the can-didates had an opportunity to let voters know that they would love to lead the multibillion-dollar I.O.C.

The candidates are Thomas Bach of Germany, a lawyer and a 1976 team foil gold medalist for West Germany; Sergey Bubka of Ukraine, a record-setting pole-vaulter; Richard Carrión of Puerto Rico, a financier; Ser Miang Ng of Singapore, the I.O.C. vice presi-dent; Denis Oswald of Switzer-land, a 1968 rowing bronze medal-ist; and Wu Ching-kuo of Taiwan, an architect and the head of the International Boxing Association. All were at the forum this week.

The presidency of the I.O.C. has been in the hands of a select few, including Juan Antonio Sa-maranch, who ran the organiza-tion for 21 years. Western Europe-an men have made most of the key decisions on the group’s boards.

Women did not join the I.O.C. until 1981, and none were elected to the executive board until 1990.

“The Olympic movement is global,” said Wu, who oversaw the introduction of women’s boxing at the London Games in 2012. “I think it is natural to have a presi-dent from a different continent.”

After a scandal in which orga-nizers of Salt Lake City’s 2002 bid were accused of bribing I.O.C. del-egates, the organization’s changes included presidential term limits. A president now serves for eight years and can be re-elected for a four-year term.

“We have a lot of challenges,” Carrión said. “And I think we’re in a very good place. I think the Olym-pic movement is enjoying one of its best moments in history.”

The election, at the 125th I.O.C. Session, will take place Sept. 10 in Buenos Aires. MARY�PILON

M.l.B. STaNDINGS

In Brief

aMerICaN leaGUe

East W L Pct GBBoston 37 24 .607 —yankees 35 25 .583 1{

Baltimore 34 27 .557 3tampa Bay 33 27 .550 3{

toronto 26 34 .433 10{

Central W L Pct GBdetroit 33 26 .559 —Cleveland 30 30 .500 3{

Minnesota 26 31 .456 6Kansas City 26 32 .448 6{

Chicago 25 34 .424 8

West W L Pct GBOakland 38 25 .603 —texas 36 24 .600 {

Los angeles 26 34 .433 10{

Seattle 26 35 .426 11Houston 22 40 .355 15{

NaTIoNal leaGUe

East W L Pct GBatlanta 37 23 .617 —Philadelphia 31 31 .500 7Washington 29 30 .492 7{

Mets 23 33 .411 12Miami 16 44 .267 21

Central W L Pct GBSt. Louis 40 21 .656 —Cincinnati 36 25 .590 4Pittsburgh 36 25 .590 4Chicago 24 34 .414 14{

Milwaukee 23 37 .383 16{

West W L Pct GBarizona 34 26 .567 —San Francisco 31 28 .525 2{

Colorado 32 29 .525 2{

San diego 28 32 .467 6Los angeles 26 33 .441 7{

SPorTS Saturday, June 8, 2013 10