From Washington to Jefferson...12/8/2015 9 American Treaties • Washington sent John Jay, chief...
Transcript of From Washington to Jefferson...12/8/2015 9 American Treaties • Washington sent John Jay, chief...
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What were the major domestic and foreign problems
facing the nation during the presidency of George Washington?
Essential Question
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• Washington was inaugurated in NY – Set precedents on how to run our country
• Congress set up departments within the branch
• Constitution did not establish names or limit number of departments
• Washington set up first three departments in summer 1789
• Washington appointed the department leaders who became his advisors
Handle relations
with other
nations/foreign
affairs
1st Secretary
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Handle relations
with other
nations/foreign
affairs
Current Secretary
Deal with national
financial matters
1st Secretary
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Deal with national
financial matters
Current Secretary
1st Secretary
Provide for
national
defense
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Provide for
national
defense
Current
Secretary
President’s legal
advisor &
responsible for
enforcement of
national laws
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President’s legal
advisor &
responsible for
enforcement of
national laws
Current – Loretta Lynch
• Became known as the President’s “Cabinet”
• Constitution does not say the President must use them to advise him on decisions – Washington used these men to make critical national decisions
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Departments of the President’s Cabinet • Agriculture
• Commerce – Trade/sales & purchases
• Defense (formerly War)
• Education
• Energy
• Health & Human Services – Protects health & offer
those services to Americans
• State
• Transportation
• Veteran Affairs – Works for veterans of
America
• Homeland Security – Protects America & its people
• Housing & Urban Development – Home ownership &
community growth
• Justice – Enforce law
• Labor – Welfare of job seekers
• Interior – Protects natural & cultural
heritage of U.S.A.
• Treasury
Government
in Action • Judiciary Act of
1789 – Create a federal
court system
• Supreme Court
assigned 6 justices – John Jay appointed
as Chief Justice
• 3 courts of appeals
• District court in
each state
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• Began the year of Washington’s inauguration, 1789 – Originally seen as a good
thing in America
• By 1793, the Revolution turned bloody
• Many Americans were offended by the violence, attacks on religion, disregard of individual liberties
• Britain went to war with France in 1793
SUSTAIN NEUTRALITY • French wanted us to
help in war with Britain – They were our allies in
the Revolution
• Washington encouraged neutrality
– Discouraged American involvement
• Proclamation of Neutrality – Prohibited Americans
fighting in overseas war
– Barred warships in American ports
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American Treaties • Washington sent John Jay,
chief justice of the Supreme Court, to England to negotiate a treaty
• Jay’s Treaty – British withdraw from America, pay
damages, & allow some ships to trade in the Caribbean
• Many Americans wanted trade with British West Indies, which it did not open
• Thomas Pinckney negotiated a treaty with Spain
• Pinckney’s Treaty – Spain granted Americans right to
travel freely on Mississippi R. and to store good in New Orleans without paying a tax; settled boundary dispute
#1: Pay off all war debt
• Combine all state debts
into a single national
debt…$52 million
– Many Southern states had
repaid their debt
• Replace old bonds issued
by the national government
with new bonds. Paying off
all the loans would
reestablish the United
States’ credit
Hamilton presented a 3 step program to improve finances
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• Hamilton felt industry (manufacturing) would make economy stronger
– Proposed a tariff to encourage American products
– South had little industry & opposed the tariff
• Congress should approve many new taxes – A new whiskey tax was proposed
– New taxes would give govt. new financial powers
– Would ensure a steady flow of income to the government
#2: Raise government revenue
#3: National bank that would serve many purposes
Bank would give
government a safe
place to keep
money
Businesses would be
helped through loans
Bank would issue bank
notes (paper money used
as currency)
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• Hamilton believed in a
loose interpretation of
the constitution
• A very broad and flexible
view of power
• Doing what is “necessary
and proper”
• Thomas Jefferson and
James Madison Argued
for a strict
interpretation of the
Constitution
• If Constitution does not
mention it, the
government cannot do it.
Elastic Clause
Reserve Clause 10th Amendment
Compromise for approval • To get his plan approved,
Hamilton created a
compromise with
Thomas Jefferson.
• Jefferson would support
Hamilton’s financial plan
if Hamilton would
support moving the
nation’s capital to the
South
• Created a new Southern
capital called City of
Washington, District of
Columbia
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Compromise creates a Capital
The Whiskey Tax • Hamilton tries to
increase revenue for the U.S. Government
• Tax on all distilled spirits passes Congress in 1791
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Whiskey Rebellion • From
Pennsylvania to Georgia western farmers refuse to pay tax
• Tax collectors were attacked
Rebellion Location
Rebellion in the western part of the state
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End of Rebellion • Federal troops
sent to break up rebellion
• Insurgents arrested
• Washington offers pardons in exchange for oaths of loyalty to the government
Why is it important?
• Proved that the federal government under the new Constitution had power
• Washington was willing to use military force to enforce federal law